Univ., Diss.--Köln, 2006.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliography.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar, através de pesquisa indireta (bibliográfica e documental), que é possível executar a sentença de improcedência, proferida no processo civil, quando reconhecido o direito à prestação em favor do réu. Mostra que o réu pode ser contemplado pela oferta de jurisdição, mesmo quando não tenha formulado pedido, e que a declaração negativa do direito subjetivo pleiteado pelo autor pode significar reconhecimento de direito, em favor do réu, passível de execução. / The present work aims to demonstrate, through indirect research (literature and documents), that is possible to execute the judgment of dismissal rendered in civil proceedings when recognized benefit entitlement in favor of the defendant. Therefore, it shows that the defendant may be contemplated by the offer of jurisdiction, even when it has not made a request, and that the negative statement of subjective rights claimed by the author may mean recognition of law in favor of the defendant, enforceable.

A apatia do Estado brasileiro na efetivação do seu poder/dever de solucionar conflitos intersubjetivos tem como consequência direta o descrédito social no Poder Judiciário, fato confirmado pelos dados da pesquisa realizada pelo Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA). Dessa forma, restou evidenciado a urgente necessidade em buscar soluções ao problema da morosidade no Poder Judiciário. Na visão pós-moderna da instrumentalidade, o direito processual tanto é orientado pelos direitos fundamentais constitucionais, como é concretizador dos seus preceitos, tendo como escopo magno a pacificação social com justiça. Sua função de instrumento caracteriza-se pela realização do direito material com justiça e tempestividade para garantir a efetividade e a utilidade das decisões prolatadas. Todavia, para o exercício eficaz desta função concretizadora, o direito processual necessita da criação de mecanismos capazes de garantir a celeridade da marcha processual, conforme assegurado pela Constituição Federal. Focado nesta carência ínsita e diante da alteração do conceito de sentença introduzido pela Lei 11.232/05, surge a possibilidade da cisão do julgamento mediante o proferimento de sentença parcial de mérito, como um meio de proporcionar ao jurisdicionado a celeridade desejada. Este instituto demonstrou ser plenamente viável na atual sistemática processual, sendo defendido como um meio de efetivar o princípio constitucional, proporcionando uma duração mais razoável do processo. O estudo realizado no presente trabalho, mediante pesquisa bibliográfica em livros e artigos de renomados juristas, juntamente com a análise das alterações legislativas introduzidas no Código de Processo Civil e jurisprudência nacional, concluiu que além de admitido pelo atual ordenamento jurídico, o instituto da sentença parcial de mérito demonstrou ser mais eficaz na garantia de um prestação jurisdicional célere, proporcionando uma maior probabilidade de efetividade e utilidade da sentença, sendo extremamente benéfica aos que buscam a tutela Poder Judiciário. / Apathy of the Brazilian State in the execution of his power / the duty to resolve intersubjective conflicts has as a direct consequence of the social discredit the judiciary, a fact confirmed by the data of the survey conducted by the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA). Thus, it remained evident the urgent need to find solutions to the problem of delays in the judiciary. In the postmodern view of the procedural instrumentality, law is both guided by the fundamental constitutional rights, such as concretizing its precepts, whose magnum scope to social peace with justice. His instrument function is characterized by the achievement of substantive law with fairness and timeliness to ensure the effectiveness and usefulness of the decisions handed down. However, for the effective exercise of this function prolific, procedural law requires the establishment of mechanisms to ensure the speed of the procedural motion, as guaranteed by the Constitution. Focused this innate and before changing the concept of sentence introduced by Law 11.232/05 deficiency, the possibility arises from the breakup of the trial by the utterance of partial judgment on the merits, as a means of providing the citizen the desired speed. This institute has proved fully viable in the current systematic procedural, being advocated as a means of making permanent the constitutional principle providing a more reasonable length of proceedings. The study in this project, based on bibliographic research in books and articles by renowned jurists, along with analysis of legislative amendments to the Code of Civil Procedure and national case law, concluded that besides allowed by current law, the Office of the partial sentence merit was more effective in ensuring a speedy adjudication, providing a greater likelihood of effectiveness and usefulness of the sentence, being extremely beneficial to those who seek the tutelage Judiciary.

The attempt of this diploma thesis is to give a comprehensive analysis of all of the components of civil procedure. Civil procedure represents the united process on the outside, but is differentiated inside. We can distinguish five types of civil procedure and within the finding procedure two other types - controversial and uncontroversial. All of these types are constructed on the same basis which is right to a lawful trial. This is the basic principle of justice in general. Considering the scope of this area the diploma thesis focuses on the determination of the elements that are common to some types, and within the frame of the particular types mainly on answering the present questions connected with them. By the characteristics of the finding procedure the attempt is to determinate the principal differences between controversial and uncontroversial procedure and, in connection with that, also to outline the future course in this area. In the chapters concerned with execution and insolvency procedure, the thesis is concentrating primarily on the determination of requirements which must be met to carry out these procedures. In connection with execution procedure there is also outlined this year's amendment, which means some kind of transfer of the judicial execution on the executors. Within the frame of...

The aim of this thesis named "Civil procedure and domestic violence" is to provide an overview of means of civil procedure which lead to protection against this form of violence. Domestic violence is a current topic which deserves a lot of attention. Very often it is unnoticeable and hard to uncover because it happens in privacy. This is why it is necessary not to interrupt efforts to reach the highest protection of endangered persons. Procedural law offers several ways how to reach protection against domestic violence. In this thesis, I define these means of civil procedure, consider their usefulness and indicate their strong or weak points. The thesis gives a detailed description of preliminary injunctions. This procedural means provides victim with almost immediate help and time to make steps in order to settle the situation down. The preliminary injuctions are based on the aspect of surprise, because the violent person does not expect it. However, attention must be paid so that the interference with the rights of violent person is not unproportional. The thesis is divided into five parts. The first part is an introduction which presents purposes and goals of this thesis. The second part introduces a general presentation of the issues of civil procedure and domestic violence. It attemts to define...

This thesis deals with types of civil procedure and it is divided into six parts. The first part generally focuses on civil procedure, definition of its subject and its relation to substantive law. There is also described its development since era of ancient Rome till presence. The second chapter focuses on the most important type of civil procedure, which is civil trial proceedings, that is divided into contentious and non- contentious proceedings. At first there is described contentious procedure aiming on its basic principles, goal, rights and obligations of participants and its procedure. The part devoted to non-contentious procedure contains common and different characteristics with contentious procedure, basic principles, specification of participants, general procedure and description of chosen types of non-contentious procedure. Based on its continuity the third chapter is dedicated to enforcement procedure. The chapter is subdivided to parts focused on writ of execution, general procedure and possible ways of its end. Next chapter's subjects are conciliation procedure, preliminary injunction and securing of evidence. The fifth chapter is devoted to bankruptcy proceedings, which deals with bankruptcy of debtors in various ways. There are specified its entities, term bankruptcy, its...

1 Abstract The title of the work: Burden of Proof in Civil Procedure The present diploma thesis deals with one of the few subjects, which are topical today, as in the past, in spite of all legislative changes - the burden of proof in the civil procedure. The burden of proof, which is the subject of this work, plays in the process of evidence an irreplaceable role, yet it is still a very underrated topic, which is not, in particular in legal theory, given appropriate attention. Legal theory is not too unified with regard to the burden of proof, the views of different authors on this institute differ. This is a very large, somewhat unclear issue. There are many theories regarding the functioning of the burden of proof and its distribution among the parties. The thesis does not claim to give an exhausting interpretation of this institute, as it is a very extensive issue, and its comprehensive processing would require at least the publication of a book, perhaps several books, but should outline the institute of the burden of proof and its function in the civil procedure. The burden of proof is not clearly defined in the legislation and the theory of burden of proof is very complicated and inconsistent, that is probably why there is a relatively extensive case-law of the courts, which increasingly emphasizes...

O presente estudo tem como objetivo superar as diversas noções genéricas a respeito da imparcialidade do árbitro e assim atribuir-lhe um conceito próprio, estabelecido a partir do reconhecimento da vital importância do exercício da influência das partes na relação jurídica processual. O estudo parte da premissa de que todas as experiências pretéritas do árbitro (como as de qualquer indivíduo) constituem condição necessária para que este forme pré-conceitos e assim conheça e decida um conflito e que, por isso, tais experiências e conceitos pretéritos sempre existem e sempre influenciam o julgador. Também é premissa de análise o ambiente institucional em que a arbitragem se desenvolve e no qual os profissionais buscam auferir capital simbólico que lhes possibilite êxito nas nomeações para a função de árbitro. Essas premissas impedem que se aprove a noção genérica da imparcialidade como equidistância, ausência de interesse próprio na solução do litígio ou ausência de outras influências no convencimento do árbitro além dos argumentos lançados pelas partes no litígio, e impõem o reconhecimento de um conteúdo apoiado na inexistência de barreira à influência que os argumentos das partes exercerão na decisão do árbitro (a despeito, portanto, de quaisquer outras influências às quais o julgador como todo indivíduo está sujeito). A identificação de um conteúdo para a imparcialidade é, todavia, insuficiente para a solução de problemas práticos, razão pela qual o presente estudo sugere sua operacionalização por norma concreta extraída de regras vinculantes que imponham um comportamento (art. 14, caput, da Lei de Arbitragem brasileira) ou um estado de coisas (art. 13, § 6º da Lei de Arbitragem brasileira) que atenda a certas premissas de estrutura e de conteúdo. As premissas de estrutura têm como finalidade garantir a coerência e coesão sistemáticas da norma concreta, ao passo que as premissas de conteúdo (extraídas de casos reais) buscam a coerência interna da norma, ou seja, a coerência entre o juízo hipotético-normativo e o juízo sobre o evento fático subjacente. Essas premissas são examinadas à luz do ambiente institucional no qual a arbitragem se desenvolve, caracterizado principalmente pela interdependência e contínuo contato entre profissionais, a constante troca de papéis a que tais profissionais se sujeitam (ora como árbitros, ora como advogados) e a assimetria de informação. Propostos um conteúdo e um método de operacionalizá-lo para a solução de casos concretos, o presente estudo procura desatrelar a imparcialidade e seus efeitos da noção geral de independência do árbitro, sem apelar para a imprecisa dicotomia subjetividade-objetividade. Reconhece, ainda, que do árbitro são demandadas posturas diferentes daquelas preconizadas aos juízes, razão pela qual a aplicação de regras equiparativas (tal como o art. 14, caput, da Lei de Arbitragem brasileira), além de não esgotar todas as hipóteses de ataque à imparcialidade, deve ser precedida de diversas adaptações. Reconhece, também, o sentido e o alcance do binômio ciência-aceitação na prática arbitral. Por fim, o estudo trata da diversa natureza entre o dever de revelação e a imparcialidade impostos ao árbitro, de cujas violações derivam consequências também distintas. / The present study aims to overcome several general notions concerning the impartiality of the arbitrator and thus gives it a proper concept, drawn from the recognition of the vital importance of parties to exercise influence on the procedural legal relationship. The study assumes that all past experiences of the adjudicator (as any individual) constitute a necessary condition for him to create pre-conceptions and so understand and decide a conflict - and that therefore these experiences and past concepts always influence the adjudicator. The institutional environment in which the arbitration is developed and in which practitioners seek to derive symbolic capital that enables them to succeed in the nominations for the role of arbitrator is also a premise of analysis. This premise prevents from approving the generic notion of impartiality as \"equidistance\", \"the absence of self-interest in the outcome of the case\" or \"the absence of other influences in the convincing process of the adjudicator beyond the arguments submitted by the parties in dispute\", and requires the recognition of content based on the \"absence of barriers to the influence that the arguments of the parties shall exercise on the arbitrator\'s decision\" (regardless of any other influences to which the judge as any individual is exposed). Identifying content for impartiality is, however, insufficient for the solution of actual problems, and due to that, the study suggests its operation by a norm extracted from binding rules imposing conduct (art. 14, caput of Brazilian Arbitration Law) or a state of affairs (art. 13, § 6 of the Brazilian Arbitration Law) that meets certain premise of structure and content. The premise of structure is designed to provide systematic consistency and cohesion of the norm, and the premise of content (drawn from actual cases) seeks internal consistency of the standard, i.e., the consistency between the description of the event anticipated in the norm and the description of the underlying factual event. This premise is examined in the light of the institutional environment in which the arbitration is developed, mainly characterized by interdependence and continuous contact between professionals, the constant exchange of roles among such professionals (either as arbitrators or as lawyers) and information asymmetry. Proposed both a content and a method to operationalize it for the solution of actual cases, this study seeks to release fairness and its effects from the general notion of independence of the arbitrator, without resorting to imprecise objectivity-subjectivity dichotomy. It also recognizes that the institutional environment requires postures from the arbitrators that differ substantially from those required from judges; due to this reason, the application of rules that apparently prescribe the same standards or behaviors for both (such as art. 14, caput, the Brazilian Arbitration Law) does not fill all the hypothesis capable of menacing the impartiality and must be preceded by various adaptations. It also recognizes the meaning and scope of the binomial information-acceptance in arbitral practice. Finally, the study addresses the diverse nature of the duty of disclosure and impartiality imposed on the arbitrator, whose respective violations also imply different consequences.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo superar as diversas noções genéricas a respeito da imparcialidade do árbitro e assim atribuir-lhe um conceito próprio, estabelecido a partir do reconhecimento da vital importância do exercício da influência das partes na relação jurídica processual. O estudo parte da premissa de que todas as experiências pretéritas do árbitro (como as de qualquer indivíduo) constituem condição necessária para que este forme pré-conceitos e assim conheça e decida um conflito e que, por isso, tais experiências e conceitos pretéritos sempre existem e sempre influenciam o julgador. Também é premissa de análise o ambiente institucional em que a arbitragem se desenvolve e no qual os profissionais buscam auferir capital simbólico que lhes possibilite êxito nas nomeações para a função de árbitro. Essas premissas impedem que se aprove a noção genérica da imparcialidade como equidistância, ausência de interesse próprio na solução do litígio ou ausência de outras influências no convencimento do árbitro além dos argumentos lançados pelas partes no litígio, e impõem o reconhecimento de um conteúdo apoiado na inexistência de barreira à influência que os argumentos das partes exercerão na decisão do árbitro (a despeito, portanto, de quaisquer outras influências às quais o julgador como todo indivíduo está sujeito). A identificação de um conteúdo para a imparcialidade é, todavia, insuficiente para a solução de problemas práticos, razão pela qual o presente estudo sugere sua operacionalização por norma concreta extraída de regras vinculantes que imponham um comportamento (art. 14, caput, da Lei de Arbitragem brasileira) ou um estado de coisas (art. 13, § 6º da Lei de Arbitragem brasileira) que atenda a certas premissas de estrutura e de conteúdo. As premissas de estrutura têm como finalidade garantir a coerência e coesão sistemáticas da norma concreta, ao passo que as premissas de conteúdo (extraídas de casos reais) buscam a coerência interna da norma, ou seja, a coerência entre o juízo hipotético-normativo e o juízo sobre o evento fático subjacente. Essas premissas são examinadas à luz do ambiente institucional no qual a arbitragem se desenvolve, caracterizado principalmente pela interdependência e contínuo contato entre profissionais, a constante troca de papéis a que tais profissionais se sujeitam (ora como árbitros, ora como advogados) e a assimetria de informação. Propostos um conteúdo e um método de operacionalizá-lo para a solução de casos concretos, o presente estudo procura desatrelar a imparcialidade e seus efeitos da noção geral de independência do árbitro, sem apelar para a imprecisa dicotomia subjetividade-objetividade. Reconhece, ainda, que do árbitro são demandadas posturas diferentes daquelas preconizadas aos juízes, razão pela qual a aplicação de regras equiparativas (tal como o art. 14, caput, da Lei de Arbitragem brasileira), além de não esgotar todas as hipóteses de ataque à imparcialidade, deve ser precedida de diversas adaptações. Reconhece, também, o sentido e o alcance do binômio ciência-aceitação na prática arbitral. Por fim, o estudo trata da diversa natureza entre o dever de revelação e a imparcialidade impostos ao árbitro, de cujas violações derivam consequências também distintas. / The present study aims to overcome several general notions concerning the impartiality of the arbitrator and thus gives it a proper concept, drawn from the recognition of the vital importance of parties to exercise influence on the procedural legal relationship. The study assumes that all past experiences of the adjudicator (as any individual) constitute a necessary condition for him to create pre-conceptions and so understand and decide a conflict - and that therefore these experiences and past concepts always influence the adjudicator. The institutional environment in which the arbitration is developed and in which practitioners seek to derive symbolic capital that enables them to succeed in the nominations for the role of arbitrator is also a premise of analysis. This premise prevents from approving the generic notion of impartiality as \"equidistance\", \"the absence of self-interest in the outcome of the case\" or \"the absence of other influences in the convincing process of the adjudicator beyond the arguments submitted by the parties in dispute\", and requires the recognition of content based on the \"absence of barriers to the influence that the arguments of the parties shall exercise on the arbitrator\'s decision\" (regardless of any other influences to which the judge as any individual is exposed). Identifying content for impartiality is, however, insufficient for the solution of actual problems, and due to that, the study suggests its operation by a norm extracted from binding rules imposing conduct (art. 14, caput of Brazilian Arbitration Law) or a state of affairs (art. 13, § 6 of the Brazilian Arbitration Law) that meets certain premise of structure and content. The premise of structure is designed to provide systematic consistency and cohesion of the norm, and the premise of content (drawn from actual cases) seeks internal consistency of the standard, i.e., the consistency between the description of the event anticipated in the norm and the description of the underlying factual event. This premise is examined in the light of the institutional environment in which the arbitration is developed, mainly characterized by interdependence and continuous contact between professionals, the constant exchange of roles among such professionals (either as arbitrators or as lawyers) and information asymmetry. Proposed both a content and a method to operationalize it for the solution of actual cases, this study seeks to release fairness and its effects from the general notion of independence of the arbitrator, without resorting to imprecise objectivity-subjectivity dichotomy. It also recognizes that the institutional environment requires postures from the arbitrators that differ substantially from those required from judges; due to this reason, the application of rules that apparently prescribe the same standards or behaviors for both (such as art. 14, caput, the Brazilian Arbitration Law) does not fill all the hypothesis capable of menacing the impartiality and must be preceded by various adaptations. It also recognizes the meaning and scope of the binomial information-acceptance in arbitral practice. Finally, the study addresses the diverse nature of the duty of disclosure and impartiality imposed on the arbitrator, whose respective violations also imply different consequences.