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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Kinetics of Atmospheric Reactions of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds: Measurement of the Rate Constant ofThujone + Cl· at 296 K and Calculation ofthe Equilibrium Constant for the HO2CH2CH2O2· H2O Complex

Killian, Marie Coy 19 April 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react with Cl and OH radicals and the resulting radicals combine with oxygen to form peroxy radicals RO2. Organic peroxy radicals can then react with NO to form NO2, a precursor of tropospheric ozone. The work presented here explored the initial reaction between Cl and thujone, a VOC emitted by Great Basin sagebrush. The rate constant for the reaction of thujone + Cl at 296 K was measured with the method of relative rates with FTIR for detection of reactants. LEDs were used to photolyze Cl2 to generate Cl in the reaction cell. Thujone was also photolyzed by the LEDs and therefore the relative rates model was revised to account for this photolysis. With toluene as the reference compound, the rate constant for thujone + Cl at 296 K is 2.62 ± 1.90 × 10-12 molecules-1 s-1, giving an atmospheric lifetime of 0.5--2.6 minutes for thujone. Cline et al. showed that the rate of the self-reaction of HO2CH2CH2O2 (β-HEP) increases in the presence of water vapor. This enhancement has a strong temperature dependence with a greater enhancement observed at colder temperatures. The observed rate enhancement has been attributed to the formation of a β-HEP--H2O complex. In this work, the equilibrium constant for the formation of the β-HEP--H2O complex was calculated by ab initio calculations. Given the energy available at room temperature, the complex will populate three local minimum geometries and β-HEP will populate two local minimum geometries. The partition function for each of these geometries was calculated and used to calculate the equilibrium constant for complex formation as a function of temperature. Based on these computational results, the observed temperature dependence for the rate enhancement can be attributed to the strong temperature dependence for the rate constant of the reaction of β-HEP--H2O + β-HEP rather than the temperature dependence of complex formation.
2

Atmospheric degradation of a series of methoxy and ethoxy acetates and n-pentyl acetate / Dégradation atmosphérique d'une série d’acétates de méthoxy et éthoxy ainsi que d’acétate de n-pentyle

Zogka, Antonia 05 December 2016 (has links)
Dans le cadre du projet DISPATMO (étude de prévision des risques de pollution liés à la dispersion atmosphérique de produits chimiques), des études de risques liés aux incendies et explosions dus aux produits chimiques ont été menées. L’objectif de cette thèse était de réaliser une étude cinétique et mécanistique approfondie afin de déterminer la dégradation en phase gazeuse de l'un des principaux constituants du solvant Tiflex, acétate de 1-méthoxy-2-propyle (MPA), par les radicaux OH et les atomes de Cl. En outre, les constantes de vitesse de réaction de OH et Cl avec une série d' acétates d’alcoxyle largement utilisés dans l'industrie du revêtement et la peinture, l'acétate de méthoxy-2-butyle (2MBA), l'acétate de méthoxy-3-butyle (3MBA), l'acétate de méthoxy-éthyle (MEA), l'acétate d'éthoxy-éthyle (EEE) et l’acétate de n-pentyle (n-PA), ont été déterminées. Les expériences ont été conduites en utilisant la technique de photolyse laser pulsée couplée à la fluorescence induite par laser, un réacteur à écoulement à basse pression couplé à un spectromètre de masse et une chambre de simulation atmosphérique couplé à GC-FID, FTIR et GC-MS en utilisant les méthodes absolue et relative. Les données cinétiques ont été utilisées pour déterminer les expressions Arrhenius pour évaluer le devenir environnemental des composés étudiés tels que leur durée de vie et le potentiel de formation d'ozone. D'autre part, le mécanisme réactionnel a été étudié et les principaux produits de dégradation et leurs rendements ont été déterminés en présence de NO. Les spectres d’absorption UV-Vis de MPA, 2MBA et 3MBA ont également été déterminés afin d'évaluer le potentiel de photolyse de ces composés dans l’atmosphère. Les paramètres cinétiques et mécanistiques ainsi que les durées de vie troposphérique déterminés sont utilisés comme données d'entrée dans les modèles de simulation atmosphériques photochimiques et dans les modèles de dispersion atmosphérique de produits chimiques pour évaluer leur impact atmosphérique. / In the context of DISPATMO project (forecast study of pollution risks related to the atmospheric dispersal of chemicals), risk studies linked to the fires and the explosions due to chemical storage were conducted. The purpose of this thesis was to perform a thorough kinetic and mechanistic study to determine the gas phase degradation of one of the main component of Tiflex solvent, the 1-methoxy 2-propyl acetate (MPA). Furthermore, the rate coefficients of OH and Cl with a series of alkoxy acetates widely used in painting and coating industries, 2-methoxy-butyl acetate (2MBA), 3-methoxybutyl acetate (3MBA), methoxy ethyl acetate (MEA), ethoxy ethyl acetate (EEA) and n-pentyl acetate (n-PA), were determined. The experiments were performed employing the pulsed laser photolysislaser induced fluorescence technique, a low pressure flow tube reactor coupled with a quadrupole mass spectrometer and an atmospheric simulation chamber coupled with a GC-FID, a FTIR and a GC-MS using complementary absolute and relative rate methods. The kinetic data were used to derive the Arrhenius expressions as well as to evaluate the environmental fate of the studied compounds such as their lifetimes and the Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential. Besides, the reaction mechanism was investigated, while the major degradation products and their yields were determined in presence of NO. In addition, the UV-Vis absorption cross sections of MPA, 2MBA and 3MBA were measured in order to evaluate their potential photolysis in the atmosphere. The investigation of the chemical processes and the tropospheric lifetimes of the compounds are used as input data in photochemical atmospheric simulation models and in chemical agent atmospheric dispersion models to evaluate their atmospheric impact.

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