The goal of my thesis is to analyze physical and moral survival in three novels from King's oeuvre. Scholars have attributed survival in King's universe to factors such as innocence, imaginative capacity, and career choice. Although their arguments are convincing, I believe that physical and moral survival ultimately depends on a character's knowledge of the dark side of human nature and an understanding of moral agency. I have chosen three novels that span several decades of Kings work-'Salem's Lot, Needful Things, and Desperation-to illustrate the relationship between knowledge and survival. In 'Salem's Lot, King uses the main character's interest in the horror genre to emphasize the importance of an exposure to the dark side of human nature. In Needful Things, King vividly shows the dire consequences of naiveté, or in other words, uneducated innocence. Desperation represents a culmination of King's ideas. The final novel in my analysis shows the power of youth tempered by knowledge of human nature and informed by religious conviction. King links religion and horror to show the power of both in religious survival and to show the ultimate morality of horror.

In a field as old as Classics, it difficult to find truly innovative approaches to literary works that have been studied for millennia, and it only becomes more difficult to find something new to explore in works as fundamental to the field as Marcus Tullius Cicero’s. However, in the burgeoning field of Digital Humanities, new avenues for textual exploration arise even among the over-picked rubble that is the Classical World. Through the use of computer software, we can search through and statistically analyze corpora of massive sizes. This project uses such techniques to perform a mesoanalysis of Cicero’s corpus. Through the use of R and Gephi, I will “read” Cicero’s works from a distance and see a much broader view of his character than I could through a traditional close reading of a few texts. This mesoanalysis includes a stylometric analysis of Cicero’s entire corpus, a sentiment analysis of his orations, and a network analysis of his letters. The sentiment analysis will explore Cicero as a literary figure. Through a hierarchical cluster analysis in R, I will assess not only how his style changes from genre to genre but within a genre (orations) as well. That analysis will close with an exploration of the lexical richness of his works, how it varies from genre to genre and over his lifetime. For the sentiment analysis, I built a lexicon based on Stoic theory, primarily as it is explained in the Tusculunae Disputationes, and Robert Kaster’s work with emotional scripts. After the lexicon was built, I applied it to Cicero’s orations in a method similar to Matthew Jockers’ syuzhet package for R, and I traced his use of sentiment across the speech. I then compared those trajectories to Latin rhetorical theory, especially the theories included in Cicero’s own treatises, in order to see if Cicero had put into effect his own advice or if he had a few techniques that he kept hidden. The mesoanalysis closes with a network analysis of the Epistulae ad Familiares. I merged Cicero’s social network with a sentiment analysis in order to assess how Cicero felt about and interacted with his peers. From this analysis, one could gather an idea of Cicero as a person. At the end of the mesoanalysis, we can attain a much broader sense of Cicero’s character. This project also has a second aim, and that is to explain how these techniques could be applied to other literary corpora, outside of Cicero’s and Latin. I have carefully detailed my process and provide more instruction in my appendices so that readers could attempt these analyses and be successful in them.

Ce travail analyse les enjeux et les modalités de résurgence de l’héritage classique dans la poésie de Louis MacNeice, Derek Mahon, Seamus Heaney, Michael Longley et Tom Paulin. Des années 1930 au début du XXIe siècle, la poésie nord-irlandaise se réapproprie les grands genres de la littérature et de la pensée grecques, à travers une fragmentation du modèle épique notamment, et la réécriture et la modernisation d’oeuvres de théâtre. Ainsi, des textes canoniques tels que l’Odyssée d’Homère ou les tragédies de Sophocle, d’Euripide et d’Eschyle, deviennent les filtres au travers desquels les poètes élaborent leur vision du contemporain. Une poésie centrée sur le présent se construit alors, en suivant ou en renversant les règles aristotéliciennes de la composition poétique, et en revisitant des notions essentielles de la philosophie grecque, tel que l’energeia d’Aristote par exemple. La place de l’héritage classique, de la méthode mythique à la traduction, interroge les fondements de la création poétique et des rapports entre le poète, la société dans laquelle il vit, et le temps. L’insertion de ces poètes dans un contexte souvent violent, à l’aube de la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour MacNeice et dans les années les plus sanglantes des Troubles nord-irlandais pour les autres poètes, nourrit un questionnement sur les liens entre histoire et poésie. Ceux-ci sont explorés dans le renouveau des méthodes historiographiques des pères de l’Histoire, Hérodote et Thucydide. Leur usage primordial du témoignage oculaire notamment bénéficie d’un renouveau poétique d’une grande diversité. / This thesis explores the diverse aspects of the renewal of the classics in the poetry of Louis MacNeice, Derek Mahon, Seamus Heaney, Michael Longley and Tom Paulin. From the 1930s to the beginning of the XXIst century, Northern-Irish poetry has fruitfully tackled the most prominent genres of Greek literature and thought, through for instance a fragmentation of the epic model, as well as the rewriting and modernization of Greek drama. Canonical texts such as Homer’s Odyssey, Sophocles’, Euripides’ and Aeschylus’ tragedies are the filters which allow these poets to envision their contemporary circumstances. A poetry for the present, concerned with temporality, which either exemplifies or rejects Aristotle’s rules of poetic composition, is thus enacted and revisits central notions from Greek philosophy, as for instance Aristotle’s energeia. The status of the classical heritage, from the mythical method to translation, questions the very basis of poetic creation and redefines the link between the poet and his society. On the eve of the Second World War for MacNeice and during the bloodiest years of the Troubles for the other poets, particularly violent contexts blur the frontier between poetry and history. Both interact in the poets’ interest in Greek historiography, specifically in Herodotus’ and Thucydides’ sole reliability on visual testimony, which triggers very diverse poetic incarnations.

The general purpose of this study is to investigate the status of the study of Latin in Kentucky. It is in detail a study to ascertain whether Latin is an elective or required subject; what per cent of high school students are studying Latin; preparation of Latin teachers; where Latin is elective how the enrollment in this subject compares with that of other subjects.

Much has been written concerning Quintus Horatius Flaccus, a Roman poet and satirist born two thousand years ago, and Robert Herrick, and English lyrist of the seventeenth century. Notable literary histories of the two languages, criticisms of the writings of each of the two men and his contemporaries, short biographical studies of the two authors, discussions in literary and classical magazines, and many treatises on the Horatian influence have been written, but no individual parallel of these two authors has been issued. As it has been pointed out above, no parallel of the two authors in question has been issued. Therefore it is the purpose of this thesis, by presenting the biographies of the two men and the exact characteristics of each, to make a comparison of them and to find wherein Herrick shows any trace of the Horatian influence.

本論文共分六章：首章分別就本論文的研究動機、研究範圍、預期成果等作一說明。第二章就清代論語學研究的概況作初步觀察。第三章開始進入本論文的主體部份，以劉逢祿之生平及其論語學為敘述的重心來觀察常州學派的論語學。第四章則是從宋翔鳳的生平及其論語學的角度，來觀察常州學派的論語學。敘述的重點在探討宋翔鳳從學的背景及其特殊的《論語》詮釋方式上。第五章戴望的生平及其論語學，著重在衡量戴望論語學於常州學派論語學之承續關係，並藉此觀察常州學派論語學由劉逢祿創始起，經宋翔鳳、戴望，一路延續下來的起伏變化。第六章為結語。

Democracy and tragedy were intrinsically linked during the time of the Athenian city-state. Yet this symbiosis, vital as it was then, is largely forgotten today. The dearth of serious political discussion is all the more puzzling since political scientists and international relations scholars write extensively on tragedy and democracy, often via a return to ancient Athens. However, these efforts have largely neglected the intrinsic links between democracy and tragedy; preferring instead to focus on either democracy or tragedy. Exploration of their essential links has, by and large, become confined to studies in philology and cultural history. The objective of this Thesis is to explore the contemporary political relevance of the ancient symbiosis of democracy and tragedy. It argues that the most politically important insight of this symbiosis today stems from tragedy’s so-called multivocal form: its ability to bring a variety of – otherwise marginalised – stories, characters and voices onto the public stage and into democratic debate. In particular, this Thesis explores two novel lessons that tragedy’s multivocal form can potentially teach contemporary democrats seeking to extend the institutions and procedures of democracy in the age of globalisation. The first is the understanding that the idea and practice of democracy should not be solely concerned with the institution of order in political life. Tragedy teaches us the lesson that while order is necessary for a stable and productive communal existence sites of disorder too provide insights into dilemmas posed by political instability, inequality, exclusion, and flux. A truly democratic order must seek to include and give voice to democratic disorder. Given this, the second lesson that this Thesis highlights from its study of Athenian tragedy’s multivocal form is the need to draw on both factual and fictional sources of knowledge in an effort to negotiate and overcome contemporary democratic dilemmas. Only by broadening the scope of reality, through a resort to fiction, can democrats hope to legitimate a variety of – otherwise marginalised – stories, characters and voices today.

The following dissertation sets out to explore the evolution of a handful of civic institutions in the Hellenistic era. The first chapter focuses on the institution of the ephebeia and citizen-training. It centres on three documents: the gymnasiarchic law of Beroea (I. Beroeae 1 [ca. 167 BCE]), the oath of the agelaoi of Dreros (I. Cret. 1.9.1 [ca. 200 BCE]) and the honorary decree for Menas of Sestos. It argues first that citizen training programs of the Hellenistic period had higher rates of participation than the Athenian evidence seems to suggest, and second that three virtues of gymnastic training, euexia, eutaxia and philoponia, were also political and social virtues. The second chapter focuses on Zosimos of Priene (I. Priene 113 [ca. 100 BCE]) and the connection between his two most important reforms: instituting a system of duplicate record-keeping and funding rhetorical training for ephebes. It argues that the speeches of envoys and ambassadors (presbeutic rhetoric) constituted the dominant mode of Hellenistic rhetoric; within that genre, arguments based on history and on official records were considered the most effective. The third chapter focuses on Fabius' letter to Dyme (Syll.3 684 [144 BCE]). It argues that the destruction of Dyme's public archives was not part of a 'socialist' revolution, but rather was a means of rejecting changes to the citizen body forced on the city by Rome. The final chapter turns to the island of Kos. It explores Diokles' decree (IG XII.4.1 75 [ca. 200 BCE]) as an example of how the balance between self-interest and communal interests were negotiated.

In 1994, two batches of unearthed Chu 楚 bamboo slips from the Warring States period (Zhanguo shidai 戰國時代, 475–221 B.C.), totaling 1200 pieces and featuring over 35000 characters, appeared in the cultural relic market of Hong Kong. These slips, highly valuable for philological research, cover nearly 100 kinds of ancient Chinese classic. They were soon collected by the Shanghai Museum for restoration and analysis, and have, since 2001, been published in successive volumes entitled Shanghai bowuguan cang Zhanguo Chu zhushu 上海博物館藏戰國楚竹書, eight volumes of which have been issued to date. My study focuses on the seventh volume, published in 2008, comprising five chapters — Wuwang jian zuo 武王踐阼, Zhengzi jia sang 鄭子家喪, Jun ren zhe hebi an zai 君人者何必安哉, Fan wu liu xing 凡物流形, and Wuming 吳命— comprehensive annotation and transcription of which have been provided by the volume editor. In spite of the efforts put on interpreting these bamboo texts, existing researches have their limitations; some intricate textual problems remain to be solved. The present dissertation attempts to examine the elucidations and interpretations of these bamboo texts in order to identify and screen out erroneous views among them. Sophisticated investigation on several controversial issues has been carried out to determine and restore the intent of the original passages. / published_or_final_version / Chinese / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Since the antiquity, the Book of Change (Zhouyi 周易) has been praised as the leading scripture among the five classics (with the Book of Documents [Shangshu 尚書], the Book of Odes [Shijing 詩經], the Spring and Autumn Annals [Chunqiu 春秋], and the Book of Rites [Liji 禮記]), and the supreme dao of the three mysteries (with Laozi 老子 and Zhuangzi 莊子). However, its guayaoci 卦爻辭 (general and line judgments of the hexagrams) are not only recondite but also proliferate with conflicting exegeses that lead nowhere. Fortunately, multiple early manuscripts of the Book of Change, including those from the Mawangdui 馬王堆 silk texts, the Fuyang 阜陽 bamboo slips, and the Chu 楚 bamboo slips housed at the Shanghai Museum, were excavated over the past forty years. These, combined with other related archaeological findings, found the basis for a scrupulous reading of the guayaoci. I attempt to compare the Shanghai Museum manuscript, which is the earliest extant copy of the Book of Change, with the traditional editions and other excavated copies to arrive at a reasoned exposition based on previous interpretation and through manifold research methods such as philology, textual criticism and theosophy. The present thesis examines seven guyaoci from seven hexagrams: 1 “li yong qin fa 利用侵伐” of the fifth line of qian 謙; 2 “bu fu yi qi lin 不富以其鄰” of the fifth line of qian 謙 and the fourth line of tai 泰, and “fu yi qi lin 富以其鄰” of the fifth line of xiaochu 小畜; 3 the naming of wuwang 无妄 and its meaning; 4 “wuwang zhi ji, wu yao you xi 无妄之疾，勿藥有喜” of the fifth line of wuwang 无妄; 5 “he tian zhi qu 何天之衢” of the sixth line of dachu 大畜; 6 “lu suosuo, si qi suo qu zai 旅瑣瑣，斯其所取災” of the first line of lu 旅; and finally 7 “ru you yiru 繻有衣袽” of the fourth line of jiji 既濟. / published_or_final_version / Chinese / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy