O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste no estudo das características dos sedimentos de superfície de fundo da Baía da Ilha Grande, estado do Rio de Janeiro, e sua correlação com os processos hidrodinâmicos atuais,bem como com a evolução sedimentar do litoral paulista e sul-fluminense a partir do máximo regressivo do Pleistoceno Superior. A baía da Ilha Grande consiste num corpo de água definido pela presença da Ilha Grande. Pode ser dividida em três unidades fisiográficas distintas, a saber: Porção Oeste, Porção Leste e Canal Central. Para o presente estudo, foi coletado um total de 153 amostras de superfície de fundo e realizado um conjunto de análises sedimentológicas constituído por: análise granulométrica, análise morfométrica e de textura superficial, análise de conteúdo em carbonato biodetrítico, analise de conteúdo em matéria orgânica, análise dos constituintes na fração grosseira e analise de assembléias de minerais pesados. Os estudos realizados permitiram identificar quatro fácies sedimentares distintas, caracterizadas como: sedimentos relíquias da Porção Leste, sedimentos atuais do Canal Central e das áreas abrigadas, sedimentos transgressivos da Porção Oeste e sedimentos mistos resultantes da mistura de termos das fácies anteriores.Finalmente, é feita uma proposta de evolução sedimentar da área a partir do máximo regressivo de 18.000 anos A.P. estabelecidas considerações sobre a dinâmica de fundo da baía. / The objective of the present work is to study the characteristics of the surface bottom sediments of Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro state, and their correlation with the modern hydrodynamic processes, as well as with the sedimentary evolution of the southeastern brazilian coastal region, since the maximum regression of the Upper Pleistocene. Ilha Grande Bay consista a water body defined by the presence of Ilha Grande island. It can be divided into three distinct fisiographic units: the Western Portion, the Eastern Portion, and the Central Channel. In this work, a total of 153 surface bottom samples were collected, and the sediments were anal zed for: grain size, morphometry and surface texture, carbonate content, organic matter content, coarse fraction constituents, and heavy mineral assemblages. The studies allowed to identify four distinct sedimentary facies, characterized as: relict sediments of the Eastern Portion, modern sediments of the Central Channel and the confined areas, transgressive sediments of the Western Portion, and mixed sediments, resulting from the mixture of the previous facles. Finally, we propose amodel for the sedimentary evolution of the area since the maximum regressive of 18,000 years B.P. and considerate on the bottom dynamic of the bay.

O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste no estudo das características dos sedimentos de superfície de fundo da Baía da Ilha Grande, estado do Rio de Janeiro, e sua correlação com os processos hidrodinâmicos atuais,bem como com a evolução sedimentar do litoral paulista e sul-fluminense a partir do máximo regressivo do Pleistoceno Superior. A baía da Ilha Grande consiste num corpo de água definido pela presença da Ilha Grande. Pode ser dividida em três unidades fisiográficas distintas, a saber: Porção Oeste, Porção Leste e Canal Central. Para o presente estudo, foi coletado um total de 153 amostras de superfície de fundo e realizado um conjunto de análises sedimentológicas constituído por: análise granulométrica, análise morfométrica e de textura superficial, análise de conteúdo em carbonato biodetrítico, analise de conteúdo em matéria orgânica, análise dos constituintes na fração grosseira e analise de assembléias de minerais pesados. Os estudos realizados permitiram identificar quatro fácies sedimentares distintas, caracterizadas como: sedimentos relíquias da Porção Leste, sedimentos atuais do Canal Central e das áreas abrigadas, sedimentos transgressivos da Porção Oeste e sedimentos mistos resultantes da mistura de termos das fácies anteriores.Finalmente, é feita uma proposta de evolução sedimentar da área a partir do máximo regressivo de 18.000 anos A.P. estabelecidas considerações sobre a dinâmica de fundo da baía. / The objective of the present work is to study the characteristics of the surface bottom sediments of Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro state, and their correlation with the modern hydrodynamic processes, as well as with the sedimentary evolution of the southeastern brazilian coastal region, since the maximum regression of the Upper Pleistocene. Ilha Grande Bay consista a water body defined by the presence of Ilha Grande island. It can be divided into three distinct fisiographic units: the Western Portion, the Eastern Portion, and the Central Channel. In this work, a total of 153 surface bottom samples were collected, and the sediments were anal zed for: grain size, morphometry and surface texture, carbonate content, organic matter content, coarse fraction constituents, and heavy mineral assemblages. The studies allowed to identify four distinct sedimentary facies, characterized as: relict sediments of the Eastern Portion, modern sediments of the Central Channel and the confined areas, transgressive sediments of the Western Portion, and mixed sediments, resulting from the mixture of the previous facles. Finally, we propose amodel for the sedimentary evolution of the area since the maximum regressive of 18,000 years B.P. and considerate on the bottom dynamic of the bay.

Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas and the major factor leading to the global climate change problem. In previous studies, the ocean is considered to be the major storage of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. However, evaluation of the global CO2 flux seldom includes the estuarine and coastal regions. It should be noted that the current estimate is based on a very limited data set. In particular, data from subtropical and tropical river estuaries are scarce. Many researches point out that the estuary is a CO2 source to the atmosphere, but the data is insufficient so one couldn¡¦t obtain the total CO2 flux accurately. In this study, our team sampled 25 estuaries based on field surveys covering four seasons in Taiwan, aiming to better quantify the estimation of CO2 flux in the coastal regions. The dissociation constants of carbonic acid are unavailable to calculate the fCO2 in the low salinity (S<1). Therefore, the difference (%) between measured and calculated is very large but will be reduced with increasing salinity. Furthermore, in the process of measuring total alkalinity and pH, accuracy may reduce because of humic acid and variations of ionic strength. No matter in the western or eastern estuaries, most of fCO2 values is higher than the atmosphere. And they decrease downstream with increasing salinity. The fCO2 is higher in the west than in the east, because of human activities. Neither group of estuaries shows obvious seasonal variability. The fCO2 in the estuaries has a relationship with salinity, because of mixing with sea water. Because fCO2 is controlled by biological activity, it also has a relationship with AOU, pH and nutrients (NO3- and PO43-). In the east, the fCO2 has no correlation with many parameters. It is probably that the slope is steeper and the river length is shorter in the east than in the west resulting in short resident time. So that many reactions are not complete before the water exports to the sea. The average water-to-air CO2 flux is 24.6¡Ó19.2 (mol C m-2 y-1), which is 3.5 times the value of Pearl River (6.9 mol C m-2 y-1) but similar to the world average (23.7¡Ó33.1 mol C m-2 y-1). The CO2 flux is the highest in spring (81.7¡Ó15.8 mmol C m-2 d-1) and the lowest in winter (54.1¡Ó132 mmol C m-2 d-1). Upper/mid/lower estuaries are operationally defined as those areas of estuaries with salinities below 2, between 2 and 25, and above 25, respectively. The trends of fCO2 have good relationships with AOU and PO43- in the upper estuaries. The reason is probably caused by human activities and biological respiration. The phenomenon is more complex in the mid than in the upper estuaries. Consequently, the fCO2 has a good correlation with pH and DIC in the mid estuaries as a result of organic matter decomposition. However, in the lower estuaries, the variation of fCO2 is subjected to biological respiration and mixing with sea water. The fCO2 is the highest in the upper estuaries (2228¡Ó92.0 uatm)¡Athe average water-air CO2 flux is 42.3¡Ó1.54 (mol C m-2 y-1). Measured fCO2 in the mid estuaries is 1302¡Ó353 (uatm) and the average CO2 flux is 25.8¡Ó1.26 (mol C m-2 y-1). The lowest fCO2 (559¡Ó14.9 uatm) is found in the lower estuaries and the CO2 flux is 7.38¡Ó7.45 (mol C m-2 y-1). The 106 estuaries of the globe are divided into three parts by salinity. The fCO2 is 3033¡Ó1078, 2277¡Ó626 and 692¡Ó178 uatm in the upper, mid and lower estuaries, respectively. The average CO2 flux is 68.5¡Ó25.6¡B37.4¡Ó16.5 and 9.92¡Ó15.2 mol C m-2 y-1, respectively. Geographically estuaries in all three latitude bands (¡Õ23.5o, 23.5-50o and ¡Ö50o) are generally sources of CO2. Interestingly, water-to-air fluxes do not significantly, and all fall around 24 mol C m-2 y-1 although the flux is slightly lower at high latitude. The water in estuaries release CO2 in all seasons although the flux seems to be highest in autumn (73.2¡Ó 93.4 mmol C m-2 d-1) and lowest (53.4¡Ó65.1 mmol C m-2 d-1) in winter. The average CO2 flux is 23.9¡Ó33.1 mol C m-2 y-1, and the total CO2 flux is 0.26 Pg C y-1. Next, we estimate the tropical rivers¡¦ carbon fluxes using carbon parameters concerning 175 rivers globally between 30oN and 30oS. The specific DIC yield (flux/area) are 0.63, 3.33, 9.79 and 3.38 g C m-2 y-1 in tropical Africa, the Americas, Asia and Oceania, respectively. The DIC flux in Asia is the highest among the four regions, mainly because the percentage of carbonate rock is highest there and the second highest water discharge there. The PIC fluxes are 7.40¡Ñ1012 g C y-1 in Africa, 2.82¡Ñ1013 g C y-1 in the Americas, 1.53¡Ñ1013 g C y-1 in Asia and 2.49¡Ñ1011 g C y-1 in Oceania. The DOC fluxes are 2.80¡Ñ1013, 5.82¡Ñ1013, 4.50¡Ñ1013 and 4.48¡Ñ1012 g C y-1 in tropical Africa, the Americas, Asia and Oceania, respectively, for a total DOC flux of 0.136 Pg C y-1. Tropical rivers provide 0.53 Pg C y-1 of carbon to the oceans, of which 39.8¢H is DIC, 25.7¢H is DOC, 9.7¢H is PIC and 24.8¢H is POC.

O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste no estudo das características dos sedimentos de superfície de fundo da Baía da Ilha Grande, estado do Rio de Janeiro, e sua correlação com os Processos hidrodinâmicos atuais, bem como com a evolução sedimentar do litoral paulista e sul-fluminense a partir do máximo regressivo do Pleistoceno Superior. A Baía da Ilha Grande consiste num corpo de água definido pela presença da Ilha Grande. Pode ser dividida em três unidades fisiográficas distintas, a saber: Porção Oeste, Porção Leste e Canal Central. Para o presente estudo, foi coletado um total de 153 amostras de superfície de fundo e realizado um conjunto de análises sedimentológicas constituido por: análise granulométrica, análise morfométrica e de textura superficial, análise de conteúdo em carbonato biodetrítico, análise de conteúdo em matéria orgânica, análise dos constituintes na fração grosseira e análise de assembléias de minerais pesados. Os estudos realizados permitiram identificar quatro fácies sedimentares distintas, caracterizadas como: sedimentos relíquias da Porção Leste, sedimentos atuais do Canal Central e das áreas abrigadas, sedimentos transgressivos da Porção Oeste e sedimentos mistos resultantes da mistura de termos das fácies anteriores. Finalmente, é feita uma proposta de evolução sedimentar da área a partir do máximo regressivo de 18.000 anos A.P. e estabelecidas considerações sobre a dinâmica de fundo da baía. / The objective of the present work is to study the characteristics of the surface bottom sediments of Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro state, and their correlation with the modern hydrodynamic processes, as well as with the sedimentary evolution of the southeastern brazilian coaslal region, since the maximum regression of the Upper Pleistocene. Ilha Grande Bay consists a water body defined by the presence of Ilha Grande island. It can be divided into three distinct fisiographic units: the Western Portion, the Eastern Portion, and the Central Channel. In this work, a total of 153 surface bottom samples were collected, and the sediments were analyzed for: grain size, morphometry and surface texture, carbonate content, organic matter content, coarse fraction constituenls, and heavy mineral assemblages. The studies allowed to identify four distinct sedimentary facies, characterized as: relict sediments of the Eastern Portion, modern sediments of the Central Channel and the confined areas, transgressive sediments of the Western Portion, and mixed sediments, resulting from the mixture of the previous facies. Finally, we propose a model for the sedimentary evolution of lhe area since the maximum regressive of 18,000 years B.P. and considerate on the bottom dynamic of the bay.

O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste no estudo das características dos sedimentos de superfície de fundo da Baía da Ilha Grande, estado do Rio de Janeiro, e sua correlação com os Processos hidrodinâmicos atuais, bem como com a evolução sedimentar do litoral paulista e sul-fluminense a partir do máximo regressivo do Pleistoceno Superior. A Baía da Ilha Grande consiste num corpo de água definido pela presença da Ilha Grande. Pode ser dividida em três unidades fisiográficas distintas, a saber: Porção Oeste, Porção Leste e Canal Central. Para o presente estudo, foi coletado um total de 153 amostras de superfície de fundo e realizado um conjunto de análises sedimentológicas constituido por: análise granulométrica, análise morfométrica e de textura superficial, análise de conteúdo em carbonato biodetrítico, análise de conteúdo em matéria orgânica, análise dos constituintes na fração grosseira e análise de assembléias de minerais pesados. Os estudos realizados permitiram identificar quatro fácies sedimentares distintas, caracterizadas como: sedimentos relíquias da Porção Leste, sedimentos atuais do Canal Central e das áreas abrigadas, sedimentos transgressivos da Porção Oeste e sedimentos mistos resultantes da mistura de termos das fácies anteriores. Finalmente, é feita uma proposta de evolução sedimentar da área a partir do máximo regressivo de 18.000 anos A.P. e estabelecidas considerações sobre a dinâmica de fundo da baía. / The objective of the present work is to study the characteristics of the surface bottom sediments of Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro state, and their correlation with the modern hydrodynamic processes, as well as with the sedimentary evolution of the southeastern brazilian coaslal region, since the maximum regression of the Upper Pleistocene. Ilha Grande Bay consists a water body defined by the presence of Ilha Grande island. It can be divided into three distinct fisiographic units: the Western Portion, the Eastern Portion, and the Central Channel. In this work, a total of 153 surface bottom samples were collected, and the sediments were analyzed for: grain size, morphometry and surface texture, carbonate content, organic matter content, coarse fraction constituenls, and heavy mineral assemblages. The studies allowed to identify four distinct sedimentary facies, characterized as: relict sediments of the Eastern Portion, modern sediments of the Central Channel and the confined areas, transgressive sediments of the Western Portion, and mixed sediments, resulting from the mixture of the previous facies. Finally, we propose a model for the sedimentary evolution of lhe area since the maximum regressive of 18,000 years B.P. and considerate on the bottom dynamic of the bay.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第18694号 / 農博第2091号 / 新制||農||1029(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H27||N4888(農学部図書室) / 31627 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 舟川 晋也, 教授 縄田 栄治, 教授 間藤 徹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-18T18:29:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE Gilson Alves do Nascimento Filho CD.pdf: 4155194 bytes, checksum: a5f33707c6acbbd6dd1ed761d0fbc50b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-18T18:29:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE Gilson Alves do Nascimento Filho CD.pdf: 4155194 bytes, checksum: a5f33707c6acbbd6dd1ed761d0fbc50b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / O aumento das atividades antrópicas que acontece nas regiões costeiras vem intensificando os processos de eutrofização, em conseqüência dos resíduos lançados. Isto demanda o uso de ferramentas para avaliar o estado trófico de águas estuarino- costeiras, entre estas, o uso de índices de estado trófico vem ganhando importância na avaliação do grau de influência antrópica eutrofizando e impactando os ambientes estuarinos e costeiros. O uso de ferramentas para avaliação do estado de eutrofização são muito importantes na avaliação do grau de influência antrópica. No presente trabalho foram utilizadas ferramentas (modelo ASSETS e índice TRIX) para avaliar o estado de eutrofização dos estuários dos rios: Massangana, Capibaribe, Jaboatão e Carrapicho, além de implementar o índice TRIX, o adaptando às regiões tropicais submetidas a impactos causados, principalmente pela descarga de nutrientes (TRIXM). Foi visto que os estados de eutrofização destes estuários variaram bastante. Utilizando o ASSETS qualificando os estuários dos rios Massangana e Capibaribe com os estados de eutrofização moderado e ruim, respectivamente. O nível de eutrofização analisado de acordo com o TRIX e o modificado para regiões tropicais demonstrou graus diferentes entre os estuários, onde no estuário do rio Massangana os valores do TRIX mostraram uma tendência de aumento à medida que se penetra no estuário indo de 2,26 na preamar, demonstrando um nível de estado trófico médio e uma boa qualidade da água, a 6,43 na baixa-mar, mostrando uma eutrofização muito alta e uma baixa qualidade da água. No estuário do rio Capibaribe 93% das análises utilizando o TRIX e 100% utilizando o TRIXM demonstraram um estado da qualidade da água baixo e elevado nível de eutrofização. O estuário do rio Jaboatão se apresentou de maneira similar ao Capibaribe, com níveis de eutrofização um pouco mais baixos de acordo com o TRIX e o TRIXM. Enquanto o estuário do rio Carrapicho apresentou menores níveis de eutrofização analisados pelo TRIX e TRIXM. Além da avaliação dos níveis de eutrofização foi realizada uma associação entre esses níveis e as frações do nitrogênio inorgânico dissolvido- NID-(Nitrito [NO2], Nitrato [NO3] e nitrogênio amoniacal [NH3+NH4]) nos ambientes estuarinos do Carrapicho, Capibaribe e Jaboatão e apesar da carga do NID ser diferente entre os estuários foi constatado que quanto maior a contribuição do NH3+NH4, maior o nível de eutrofização do ambiente. Sendo visível e comprovado que os aportes continentais estão acelerando os processos de eutrofização nestes ambientes. Estas informações servirão de subsídios para programas que melhorem as condições ambientais destes estuários. / The increase of anthropogenic activities that occurs in coastal regions has intensified the processes of eutrophication as a result of released residues. This requires the use of tools to evaluate the trophic status of estuarine-coastal waters, among these, the use of indices of trophic state been gaining importance in assessing the level of anthropogenic influence polluting and impacting estuarine and coastal environments. The use of tools to evaluating the state of eutrophication are very important in assessing the degree of anthropogenic influence. In the present work tools were used (model ASSETS and TRIX index) to evaluate the state of eutrophication of the estuaries of the rivers: Massangana, Capibaribe Jaboatão and Carrapicho, addition to implementing the TRIX index, adapted to tropical regions submitted to impacts, primarily by discharge of nutrients (TRIXM). It was seen that the states of these estuaries eutrophication varied significantly. Using the model ASSETS to qualifying the estuaries of the rivers Capibaribe and Massangana, with the moderate and bad states of eutrophication, respectively. The level of eutrophication analyzed according to the TRIX and its modification for tropical regions demonstrated different degrees between the estuaries, where the estuary of the river Massangana TRIX values showed an increasing trend as it enters the estuary going from 2.26 at high tide, showing a medium level of trophic status and good water quality, to 6.43 at low tide, showing a very high eutrophication and poor water quality. On the estuary of river Capibaribe 93% of the analyzes using the TRIX and 100% using the TRIXM demonstrated a water quality state low and high level of eutrophication. The estuary of Jaboatão river showed similarity with Capibaribe, with levels slightly lower of eutrophication in accordance with TRIX and TRIXM. As long as the estuary of the river Carrapicho presented lower levels of eutrophication when analyzed by TRIX and TRIXM. Besides the assessment of eutrophication an association was made between those levels and fractions of dissolved inorganic nitrogen-NID-(Nitrite [NO2], nitrate [NO3] and ammonia [NH3 + NH4]) in estuarine environments of the rivers Carrapicho, Capibaribe and Jaboatão and despite the load of the NID be different between estuaries was found that the greater the contribution of NH3 + NH4, the higher the level of eutrophication of the environment. Being visible and proven that continental inputs are accelerating eutrophication processes in these environments. This information will serve as subsidies for programs that will improve environmental conditions in these estuaries.

Os colifagos somáticos (CS) são os melhores indicadores de poluição fecal. Neste trabalho, foi determinada a abundância de CS em amostras de água do mar, plâncton, e bivalves coletadas em Santos, São Sebastião e Ubatuba. Houve correlação positiva entre CS e as bactérias marinhas viáveis, coliformes termotolerantes, E.coli e enterococos intestinais, e a correlação foi negativa com a temperatura. As maiores contagens de CS foram obtidas em Santos. As freqüências das famílias encontradas nas amostras de água do mar e plâncton foram: Siphoviridae (50% e 65,8%), Podoviridae (36% e 15,8%), Microviridae (9% e 15,8%) e Myoviridae (5%, 2,6%), respectivamente. Em bivalves, só foi observada Siphoviridae. Os morfotipos observados foram A1 (3%), B1 (63%), C1 (21%) e D1 (13%). As técnicas de RFLP e rep-PCR não foram discriminatórias. 9,6% dos colifagos apresentaram os genes que codificam para as toxinas ST e/ou LT. O presente estudo está identificando os colifagos como perigos microbiológicos e gerando subsídios para avaliação de riscos microbiológicos no ecossistema marinho. / The somatic coliphages (SC) are the better indicator for fecal pollution. In this research, it was obtained the SC abundance in seawater, plankton and bivalves samples collected from Santos, São Sebastiâo and Ubatuba. SC counts were correlated with marine viable bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms, E. coli and intestinal enterococci, and the correlation was negative with the temperature. Highest SC counts were obtained from samples collected at Santos. The frequency of SC families found in seawater and plankton samples were: Siphoviridae (50% and 65.8%), Podoviridae (36% and 15.8%), Microviridae (9% and 15.8%), and Myoviridae (5%, 2.6%), respectively. In bivalves, only Siphoviridae was found. Morphotypes A1 (3%), B1 (63%), C1 (21%) and D1 (13%) were observed. The RFLP and rep-PCR techniques were not discriminatory. 9.6% of coliphages contained genes codifying for thermostable toxin (ST) and/or thermolabil toxin (LT). This study is identifying the coliphages as microbial hazard and giving support to later studies for microbial risk assessment of marine ecosystem.

<p>This thesis is concerned with the efforts to bring about a greater degree of local community participation in the use and management of Sri Lanka's coastal land and natural resources. Through the application of the Special Area Management (SAM) strategy in geographically distinct areas along the coast, the aim is to create collaborative arrangements - partnerships - that will enable coastal communities and local governments to work together with the Sri Lankan state and share responsibility and authority over the management of coastal land and natural resources. </p><p>Using a political-geographical perspective that highlights the political and spatial dimensions of this shift in forms for governing the coast, the thesis seeks to identify and discuss factors that can have a bearing on the participatory dimension of collaborative coastal management in Sri Lanka. The thesis focuses particularly on factors influencing the role played by the local communities and the degree to which they actually come to share authority with respect to the use and management of coastal natural resources as envisioned in the SAM strategy. </p><p>The thesis illustrates that, despite an ambition to bring about a sharing of authority and control in costal management, this has not quite worked out in practice. Due to circumstances relating both to the SAM strategy itself and to the context in which it is implemented, the degree to which coastal communities have gained any degree of influence with respect to the management of coastal land and resources remains questionable. </p><p>The study is carried out prior to the tsunami that hit the Sri Lankan shores in December 2004. However, given the major reconstruction of Sri Lanka's coast that currently is ongoing and the controversy that surrounds it, the issues raised in this thesis are highly relevant.</p>