Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-15T12:15:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 analauramacielalmeida.pdf: 7987032 bytes, checksum: cbcc88ab800b1699a363803ae78bc9f9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-02T14:31:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 analauramacielalmeida.pdf: 7987032 bytes, checksum: cbcc88ab800b1699a363803ae78bc9f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T14:31:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 analauramacielalmeida.pdf: 7987032 bytes, checksum: cbcc88ab800b1699a363803ae78bc9f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-17 / INTRODUÇÃO: Declínio cognitivo (DC) é comum no paciente com doença renal crônica (DRC), podendo impactar desfavoravelmente na qualidade de vida e na aderência medicamentosa. Vários fatores contribuem para o DC na DRC, sendo a deficiência de ferro, comum em pacientes com diminuição da taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG), uma delas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a deficiência de ferro se associa com o DC em paciente com DRC não dialítico. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 54 pacientes não idosos com DRC pré-dialítica através de avaliação laboratorial, triagem cognitiva completa (um teste de rastreio de cognição global: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) e bateria de testes de memória, atenção, velocidade de processamento, fluência verbal e funções executivas), escalas de sono (Escala de Sonolência Diurna de Epworth, Questionário Clínico de Apnéia Obstrutiva do Sono de Berlin, Questionário de cinco perguntas de sintomas de Pernas Inquietas), depressão (Inventário de depressão de Beck, Mini-Plus para Episódio Depressivo Maior (DSM-IV) e funcionalidade (Questionário de Atividades Funcionais de Pfeffer). RESULTADOS: O DC, avaliado pelo Montreal Cognitive Assessment (ajustado para escolaridade) foi identificado em 59,3% dos pacientes, e se relacionou com hemoglobina <11,0 g/dL, ferritina <100 ng/mL, saturação da transferrina <20%, com anos de escolaridade, depressão e com a diminuição da TFG. Adicionalmente, observou-se frequência aumentada de sintomas de apnéia obstrutiva do sono (76,9%), de pernas inquietas e sonolência diurna (35,2%) e sintomas depressivos avaliados pelo BDI (34,7%). CONCLUSÃO: Nos pacientes não idosos com DRC pré-dialítica avaliados, o DC e os sintomas depressivos foram frequentes e, em parte, explicado por níveis inadequados da reserva de ferro e de hemoglobina. / INTRODUCTION: Cognitive decline (CD) is common in chronic kidney patients, yet little investigated. Several factors contribute to such decline, with iron deficiency being a frequent and treatable occurrence, with an impact on quality of life and adherence to treatment. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate whether iron deficiency influences cognitive decline in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. METHOD: A cross-sectional evaluation of 54 patients was performed, including laboratory evaluation, complete cognitive screening, and sleep, depression and functionality scales. RESULTS: There was an increased frequency of obstructive sleep apnea symptoms (76.9%), restless legs and daytime sleepiness (35.2%) and depressive symptoms (BDI) (34.7%). The screening test with the highest significance was the MoCA (59.3%), even after the scores were adjusted regarding the level of schooling, as it is associated with ferritin<100ng/mL, with hemoglobin <11g/dL and transferrin saturation <20%, as well as with the level of schooling, depression and loss of kidney function. CONCLUSION: CD and depressive symptoms were frequent and partially explained by inadequate levels of iron and hemoglobin.

Introduktion: Antalet personer med kognitiv sjukdom ökar och konsekvensen av detta är bland annat att fler personer drabbas av beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom. Detta ställer allt högre krav på hälso- och sjukvården. Distriktssköterskan har tillsammans med det interprofessionella teamet ansvar att tillämpa personcentrerade omvårdnadsåtgärder med syfte att lindra beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom hos personer med kognitiv sjukdom.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva omvårdnadsåtgärder som lindrar beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom hos personer med kognitiv sjukdom. Metod: En integrativ litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats baserat på Whittemore och Knafls integrativa metod. Vetenskapliga artiklar söktes fram i databaserna; CINAHL, PubMed och PsycINFO, 17 artiklar återstod efter urvalsprocessen och analyserades sedan i fem steg enligt Whittemore och Knafls analysmetod. Resultat: Utifrån artiklarnas resultat identifierades omvårdnadsåtgärder som lindrade beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom som presenteras under tre huvudkategorier: Stimulera sinnen, Främja emotionella funktioner och skapa en trygg miljö samt Stimulera till vardagliga aktiviteter. Konklusion: Distriktssköterskan kan med hjälp av individanpassade omvårdnadsåtgärder lindra beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom hos personer med kognitiv sjukdom. Omvårdnadsåtgärderna kan omfattas av massage, aromaterapi och musikterapi, som har en sinnesstimulerande effekt. Genom att initiera omvårdnadsåtgärder, som främjar emotionella funktioner, i form av aktivitet med docka eller stödja orienteringsförmågan genom miljöanpassning, kan BPSD lindras. Slutligen kan stimulering till vardagliga aktiviteter, som avser främja kroppsrörelse och koordinationsförmågan, stimulera språk- och räkneförmågan samt tillämpa identitetsfrämjande och kreativa aktiviteter, skapa förutsättningar för upplevelse av delaktighet och känsla av sammanhang. / Introduction: The number of people with cognitive illness is increasing and the consequence amongst others is that more people suffer from behavioral and psychological symptoms. This places increasingly high demands on health care. The district nurse, together with the interprofessional team, is responsible for applying person-centered nursing measures with the aim of alleviating behavioral and psychological symptoms in people with cognitive disorders. Purpose: The purpose was to describe nursing interventions that alleviate behavioural and psychological symptoms in people with cognitive disorders. Method: An integrative literature study with an inductive approach based on Whittemore and Knafl's integrative method. Scientific articles searched in the databases; CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO, 17 articles remained after the selection process and were then analysed in five steps according to Whittemore and Knafl's analysis method. Results: Based on the results of the articles, nursing interventions were identified that alleviated behavioural and psychological symptoms presented under three main categories: Stimulate the senses, Promote emotional functions and create a safe existence and Stimulate everyday activities. Conclusion: With the help of individually tailored nursing measures, the district nurse can relieve behavioral and psychological symptoms in people with cognitive disorders. Nursing measures may include massage, aromatherapy and music therapy, which have a mind-stimulating effect. By initiating nursing measures, which promote emotional functions, in the form of activity with a doll or supporting orientation skills through environmental adaptation, BPSD can be alleviated. Finally, stimulation for everyday activities, which aim to promote body movement and coordination skills, stimulate language and numeracy skills and apply identity-promoting and creative activities, can create the conditions for experiencing participation and a sense of context.

La chimiothérapie néoadjuvante (CNA) est une avancée majeure dans les traitements des cancers du sein. La CNA réduit nettement la tumeur primaire et permet une chirurgie conservatrice à tous les stades du cancer. Malheureusement, elle s’accompagne de dysfonctionnements neurologiques qui limitent le succès du traitement anti-tumoral. La prise en charge médicale de ces troubles neurologiques est problématique compte tenu de l’inefficacité des neuroprotecteurs disponibles. De plus, la recherche de nouvelles thérapeutiques est handicapée par l’absence de modèles expérimentaux reproduisant fidèlement les symptômes évoqués par la CNA séquentielle « épirubicine (EPI)/docétaxel (DO) » ou CNA-[EPI-DO] fréquemment utilisée. Ce travail de thèse a permis de caractériser pour la première fois un modèle animal pertinent de troubles neurologiques périphériques et centraux évoqués par la CNA-[EPI-DO]. Ce modèle préclinique a été utilisé pour révéler l’efficacité d’un traitement concomitant de duloxétine et d’alloprégnanolone contre la neuropathie périphérique douloureuse induite par la CNA-[EPI-DO]. Nos travaux montrent aussi que la duloxétine exerce une action bénéfique contre les déficits cognitifs évoqués par la CNA-[EPI-DO]. La thèse ouvre des perspectives prometteuses à explorer pour le développement de thérapies efficaces contre les altérations neurologiques CNA-induites. / Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) represents a major progress in breast cancer therapy. By shrinking significantly, the tumor volume, NAC allows conservative surgery at all stages of breast cancer. Unfortunately, NAC also induces neurological dysfunctions that jeopardize the chances of success of anti-tumor treatments. Therapeutic management of these neurological disorders remains a major concern because neuroprotective drugs currently available are not effective. Furthermore, investigations to characterize novel effective therapeutics are hampered by the lack of reliable experimental models mimicking the neurological symptoms evoked by the sequential epirubicin (EPI)/docetaxel (DO)-NAC or [EPI-DO]-NAC frequently used in humans. The present thesis work allowed the first characterization of a relevant animal model of [EPI-DO]-NAC-induced peripheral and central neurological disorders. This preclinical model has successfully been used to demonstrate the efficacy of duloxetine and allopregnanolone concomitant treatment against [EPI-DO]-NAC-evoked painful peripheral neuropathy. Our results also reveal a beneficial action of duloxetine against [EPI-DO]-NAC-induced cognitive deficits. The thesis opens promising perspectives to be explored for the development of effective therapies against [EPI-DO]-NAC-induced neurological alterations.

De nombreux tests de dépistage des troubles cognitifs légers ont été élaborés ces dernières années afin d'identifier des personnes plus à risque de développer une maladie neurodégénérative telle que la maladie d'Alzheimer. Plusieurs indices (sensibilité, spécificité, valeurs de prédiction et rapports de vraisemblance) permettent d'évaluer la performance et l'utilité d'un test en pratique. L'objectif de cette thèse était d'évaluer le degré de variation de la performance d'un outil de dépistage des troubles cognitifs légers et ses conséquences sur la prise de décision clinique. Nos résultats montrent une variation importante de la performance de l'outil étudié en fonction des caractéristiques démographiques des individus, de la nature et la sévérité du trouble cognitif La performance globale d'un test ne serait donc pas constante et exposerait à un risque de sous-estimer ou de surestimer la présence de troubles cognitifs dans certains sous-groupes de l'échantillon d'étude. La mesure de ce phénomène de variation (ou effet de spectre) devrait faire partie des étapes obligatoires de la validation d'un test de dépistage des troubles cognitifs. Elle implique l'analyse de grands échantillons permettant de rendre compte de la complexité de l'interprétation d'un test et son application au niveau pratique. L'utilisation de valeurs seuils ajustées selon l'âge et le niveau scolaire, est proposée afin d'améliorer la prise de décision clinique. Nous discutons également de l'intérêt d'utiliser le concept épidémiologique de dépistage dans la recherche et l'identification de troubles cognitifs et proposons le terme plus approprié de repérage qui ne préjuge pas de leur étiologie. / In recent years, numerous tests have been proposed to screen Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in order to identify individuals who are at risk for developing a neurodegenerative pathology such as Alzheimer's disease. Severa! indices (sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios) enable to assess the performance and the utility of a test in clinical practice. The main objective of this thesis was to determine the degree of variation of an MCI screening test performance and its impact on clinical decision. Our results showed that performance indices of the study test may vary depending on the demographic characteristics of the individuals, the type and the degree of cognitive impairment. They also highlight that the overall performance of a screening test is not fixed and may result in failure to identify cognitive impairment in true cases and misclassified non cases as cognitively impaired in some subgroups of the study sample. These findings support the perspective that this subgroup variation ( or spectrum effect) should routinely be taken into account to assess the quality of a cognitive screening test. One way to minimize the impact of this phenomena would be to focus the assessment on broad and well defined subgroups of patients. The use of adjusted eut-offs values could help clinicians to increase their level of certainty regarding whether a cognitive impairment is present. We also discuss the interest of using the epidemiological concept of screening in the identification of cognitive impairments and propose a more appropriate term of cognitive impairment detection without prejudging its aetiology

L’objet de ce travail est de mieux comprendre les modifications cognitives et cérébrales liées à la sclérose en plaques (SEP) et les facteurs pouvant les affecter afin de contribuer à améliorer la prise en charge cognitive des personnes vivant avec une SEP. Nous avons orienté nos travaux selon 2 axes. Le premier visait à optimiser les évaluations cognitives. Nous avons montré une diminution de la qualité de vie (QdV) liée à l’atteinte cognitive et à son retentissement sur le statut professionnel, ainsi que l’intérêt d’utiliser l’Echelle d’Humeur Dépressive version auto-questionnaire que nous avons validée et dont la dimension « perte de contrôle émotionnel » était particulièrement associée à la QdV. Nous avons aussi élaboré des tâches « écologiques » en environnement virtuel et montré leur potentiel à évaluer plusieurs composantes cognitives, voire leurs interactions, suggérant leur intérêt pour évaluer l’impact des troubles cognitifs dans les activités quotidiennes. Le second, pour lequel nous avons présenté les bases théoriques, la méthodologie et les résultats préliminaires, consistait à améliorer la prise en charge cognitive grâce à son évaluation et à la réhabilitation (étude REACTIV, en cours). Nous avons créé des paradigmes en IRMf et un programme de réhabilitation spécifique visant à guider les phénomènes de plasticité cérébrale afin d’optimiser le transfert des acquis dans la vie quotidienne et améliorer la QdV. Lors des résultats préliminaires, nous avons identifié en imagerie multimodale des mesures IRM de deux structures prédictives de la progression de certaines performances cognitives au cours de nos thérapies : le thalamus et le corps calleux. / The purpose of this work is to better understand the cognitive and brain changes associated with multiple sclerosis and the influencing factors to help improve cognitive support for people living with MS. We organized our work according to two axes. The first one was to optimize cognitive assessments. We have shown i) a decrease in quality of life (QoL) linked to cognitive impairment and its impact on the professional status and ii) interest in the use of Depressed Mood Scale self-questionnaire that we validated and whose lack of emotional control dimension was particularly associated with QoL. We also developed ecological tasks in virtual environment and showed their potential to evaluate several cognitive components or their interactions, suggesting an interest in evaluating the functional impact of cognitive impairment in daily activities of PwMS. The second, for which we presented the theoretical basis, methodology and preliminary results, was to improve cognitive care through its assessment and rehabilitation (REACTIV study in progress). We created fMRI paradigms and a specific rehabilitation program to guide brain plasticity phenomena in order to optimize the transfer of training in daily life and improve QoL. Preliminary results in multimodal imaging revealed MRI measures of two structures, the thalamus and the corpus callosum, which would be predictive of progression of certain cognitive performance during our therapies.