The permitting process to determine whether high volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) should be allowed in New York State has been controversial and protracted. There have been intense disputes between those who see HVHF as an economic benefit and those who assert it will jeopardize health and the environment. Using the case study research method, perceptions of directly affected stakeholders regarding the issues, benefits and limitations associated with the public participation process were explored. Purposive sampling yielded participants from the natural gas industry, municipal governments, local landowners and residents. Data collection methods involved in-depth interviews, focus groups and document analysis. Since the HVHF conflict concerned a future possibility of environmental degradation, theoretical foundations included complex systems and green ideology, the enactment of power and social dominance, environmental conflict resolution, and principles of collaborative management. Findings demonstrate that the public participation process was embedded in a traditional top-down policy development approach that did not accommodate conditions of high uncertainty, nor did it allow for the broader and deeper discourse needed when development involves socio-economic and environmental justice issues. Implications include the potential to apply principles and methods of collaborative management typically used for natural resource management. In particular, the adaptive co-management approach provides a framework for managing issues that require problem solving over time, an essential missing element of the current HVHF stakeholder engagement process where diverse stakeholders identified issues of trust, empowerment, rights and fairness.

Tesis por compendio / [EN] The main objectives of this research are the following. First, to analyse the models and methods in Decision Support Systems (DSS) for forest management, taking into account the important features which allow forestry related problems to be categorized. Second, to define strategic criteria for the sustainable management of Mediterranean forests, as well as to elicit and aggregate the stakeholders' preferences. Third, to propose a robust methodology to implement collaborative management focused on ESS and to develop indicators for the main functions of ESS. The methodology is based on a workshop and surveys to elicit the decision makers', experts' and other stakeholders' preferences. Several techniques were then used to aggregate individual judgements and determine social preferences, in particular, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Goal Programming (GP). In addition, a PROMETHEE based method has been developed to provide indicators of the ESS, classified into provisioning, maintenance and direct to citizens services. The analysis of DSS for forest management has shown that the best choice of approach to solve a given problem depend on its nature, which can be characterized by the temporal scale, spatial context, spatial scale, number of decision makers or stakeholders, objectives and finally goods and services involved. A decision hierarchy for strategic management of Valencian forests has been developed by involving experts during the design phase. This was later validated in consultation with the stakeholders in a workshop and provides the base from which to obtain the social preferences. The results show greater importance for environmental and social criteria and lesser relevance for economic criteria, valid for both public and private Mediterranean forests. This result is the same regardless of which preference aggregation technique was used and takes into account the preferences of the majority of the stakeholders and also the minority opinions furthest from the consensus. New products and services such as rural tourism, renewable energies, landscape, hydrological regulation and erosion control, biodiversity and climate change mitigation are relevant. This research also proposes a robust methodology to implement collaborative management focused on ESS provided by protected areas and aggregated indicators for their main functions. Decision makers, technical staff and other stakeholders are included in the process from the beginning, by identifying ESS and eliciting preferences using the AHP method. Qualitative and quantitative data are then integrated into a PROMETHEE based method in order to obtain indicators for provisioning, maintenance and direct to citizens services. This methodology, which has been applied in a forest natural park, provides a tool for exploiting available technical and social data in a continuous process, as well as graphical results, which are easy to understand. This approach also overcomes the difficulties found in prioritising management objectives in a multiple criteria context with limited resources and facilitates consensus between all of the people involved. The new indicators define an innovative approach to assessing the ESS from the supply perspective and provide basic information to help establish payment systems for environmental services and compensation for natural disasters. / [ES] Los principales objetivos de esta investigación son los siguientes. En primer lugar, analizar los modelos y los métodos de los sistemas de ayuda a la toma de decisiones para gestión forestal, teniendo en cuenta las características relevantes que permiten clasificar los problemas forestales. En segundo lugar, definir los criterios estratégicos para la gestión forestal sostenible del bosque mediterráneo, así como obtener y agregar las preferencias de los decisores y otras partes interesadas. En tercer lugar, proponer una metodología robusta para implementar una gestión colaborativa centrada en los servicios del ecosistema y desarrollar indicadores para las principales funciones de estos servicios. La metodología se fundamenta en una jornada de trabajo con decisores, expertos y otros grupos de personas interesadas, así como en encuestas a todos ellos. Después se han utilizado varias técnicas para agregar las preferencias individuales y determinar las preferencias de los distintos grupos sociales, en particular el proceso analítico jerárquico y la programación por metas. Adicionalmente, se ha desarrollado un método basado en PROMETHEE que permite obtener indicadores de los servicios del ecosistema, clasificados en servicios de producción, mantenimiento y directos a los ciudadanos. El análisis de los sistemas de ayuda a la toma de decisiones para gestión forestal ha puesto de manifiesto que los mejores enfoques para resolver los problemas forestales dependen de su naturaleza, caracterizada por la escala temporal, el contexto espacial, la escala espacial, el número de decisores o personas interesadas, el número de objetivos y por último los bienes y servicios involucrados. Se ha desarrollado una jerarquía de decisión para la gestión estratégica de los bosques valencianos involucrando a expertos en la fase de diseño. Este modelo fue validado posteriormente por las partes interesadas en una jornada organizada con esta finalidad y ha sido la base para obtener las preferencias sociales. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la mayor importancia de los criterios medioambientales y sociales y la menor relevancia de los económicos, tanto para el monte mediterráneo público como privado. Este resultado es independiente del método de agregación utilizado y tiene en cuenta tanto las preferencias de la mayoría como de la minoría más alejada del consenso. Son relevantes los nuevos productos y servicios tales como el turismo rural, las energías renovables, el paisaje, la regulación hidrológica y el control de la erosión, la biodiversidad y la mitigación del cambio climático. Esta investigación también propone una metodología robusta para implementar una gestión colaborativa centrada en los servicios del ecosistema que proporcionan las áreas protegidas e indicadores agregados para sus principales funciones. Los responsables de las decisiones, el personal técnico y otras personas interesadas han participado desde el inicio del proceso, identificando los servicios del ecosistema y proporcionado sus preferencias mediante la técnica del proceso analítico jerárquico. Después se integran los datos cualitativos y cuantitativos en un método basado en PROMETHEE con la finalidad de obtener indicadores para los servicios de producción, mantenimiento y directos a los ciudadanos. Esta metodología, que se ha aplicado en un parque natural, facilita la explotación de los datos técnicos y sociales en un proceso continuo y proporciona resultados gráficos muy fáciles de entender. Este enfoque también permite superar las dificultades que surgen al priorizar los objetivos de gestión en un contexto multicriterio con recursos limitados y facilita el consenso entre todas las personas involucradas. Los nuevos indicadores representan un enfoque innovador para la valoración de los servicios del ecosistema desde el punto de vista de la oferta y proporcionan información básica para establecer sistemas de pagos por / [CA] Els principals objectius d'aquesta recerca són els següents. En primer lloc, analitzar els models i els mètodes dels sistemes d'ajuda a la presa de decisions per a gestió forestal, tenint en compte les característiques rellevants que permeten classificar els problemes forestals. En segon lloc, definir els criteris estratègics per a la gestió forestal sostenible del bosc mediterrani, com també obtenir i agregar les preferències dels decisors i altres parts interessades. En tercer lloc, proposar una metodologia robusta per a implementar una gestió col·laborativa centrada en els serveis de l'ecosistema i desenvolupar indicadors per a les principals funcions d'aquests serveis. La metodologia es fonamenta en una jornada de treball amb decisors, experts i altres grups de persones interessades, i també en enquestes a tots ells. Després s'han utilitzat diverses tècniques per a afegir-hi les preferències individuals i determinar les preferències dels diferents grups socials, en particular el procés analític jeràrquic i la programació per metes. Addicionalment, s'ha desenvolupat un mètode basat en PROMETHEE que permet obtenir indicadors dels serveis de l'ecosistema, classificats en serveis de producció, manteniment i directes als ciutadans. L'anàlisi dels sistemes d'ajuda a la presa de decisions per a la gestió forestal ha posat de manifest que els millors enfocaments per a resoldre els problemes forestals depenen de la naturalesa d'aquests problemes, caracteritzada per l'escala temporal, el context espacial, l'escala espacial, el nombre de decisors o persones interessades, el nombre d'objectius i, finalment, els béns i serveis involucrats. S'ha desenvolupat una jerarquia de decisió per a la gestió estratègica dels boscos valencians involucrant experts en la fase de disseny. Aquest model ha sigut validat posteriorment per les parts interessades en una jornada organitzada amb aquesta finalitat i ha sigut la base per a obtenir les preferències socials. Els resultats posen de manifest la major importància dels criteris mediambientals i socials i la menor rellevància dels econòmics, tant per a la muntanya mediterrània pública com privada. Aquest resultat és independent del mètode d'agregació utilitzat i té en compte tant les preferències de la majoria com de la minoria més allunyada del consens. Són rellevants els nous productes i serveis, com ara el turisme rural, les energies renovables, el paisatge, la regulació hidrològica i el control de l'erosió, la biodiversitat i la mitigació del canvi climàtic. Aquesta recerca també proposa una metodologia robusta per a implementar una gestió col·laborativa centrada en els serveis de l'ecosistema que proporcionen les àrees protegides i indicadors agregats per a les seues funcions principals. Els responsables de les decisions, el personal tècnic i altres persones interessades hi han participat des de l'inici del procés, identificant els serveis de l'ecosistema i proporcionant les seues preferències mitjançant la tècnica del procés analític jeràrquic. Després s'integren les dades qualitatives i quantitatives en un mètode basat en PROMETHEE amb la finalitat d'obtenir indicadors per als serveis de producció, manteniment i directes als ciutadans. Aquesta metodologia, que s'ha aplicat en un parc natural, facilita l'explotació de les dades tècniques i socials en un procés continu i proporciona resultats gràfics molt fàcils d'entendre. Aquest enfocament també permet superar les dificultats que sorgeixen a l'hora de prioritzar els objectius de gestió en un context multicriteri amb recursos limitats i facilita el consens entre totes les persones involucrades. Els nous indicadors representen un enfocament innovador per a la valoració dels serveis de l'ecosistema des del punt de vista de l'oferta i proporcionen informació bàsica per a establir sistemes de pagaments per serveis ambientals i compensacions per desastres naturals. / Segura Maroto, M. (2015). ASSESSMENT OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES BASED ON MULTIPLE CRITERIA AND GROUP DECISION MAKING [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/57955 / Compendio

Thesis (PhD (Dept. of Forest and Wood Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study aimed to analyze under which conditions the structure, organization and integration of knowledge systems can provide the implementation of adaptive collaborative management of natural resources under conditions of high biodiversity in the humid forest zone of southern Cameroon. The study specifically did the following: characterized sustainable slash-and-burn agriculture innovations; examined the influences of local perceptions of nature and forest knowledge management systems on adaptive slash-and-burn agriculture practices; analyzed the influences of the social representation of land use patterns and their local indicators on agro-ecological sustainability; characterised the biophysical dimensions of local management of agricultural biodiversity knowledge systems; analyzed how local agricultural biodiversity knowledge is used to adapt and to satisfy household consumption needs, market preferences, and sustainable livelihoods; examined the influences of local perceptions of climate variability for the ability and adaptive capacity of people to use local knowledge to deal with the effect of pests-diseases on crop yield, corrective management actions, and adaptive slash-and-burn agriculture management. The study was conducted in three blocks within the humid forest zone of southern Cameroon along a gradient of natural resource use management intensification and population density. Data were collected via structured and semi-structured interviews, multi-disciplinary landscape assessment and a review of secondary information. Chisquare tests were used to show how local knowledge influences - natural resource management at the forest-agriculture interface, while binary logistic regressions were used to understand the influences of biophysical and socio-economic factors on farmers’ decisions to domesticate tree species and to cultivate several crop cultivars. Fourteen research and development (R&D) themes were identified and found to be equally distributed among blocks but unequally distributed across technical, marketing and socio-organisational types of innovation. There was a gap between social demand and innovation offer. Innovations offered covered more technical issues, such as crop variety development, indicating their agricultural focus rather than the integration of forest and agriculture issues. The local perceptions of nature and forest resources are based on social representation of the vital space into components having a specific function for the social, physical and spiritual life of people. Needs of the human world determine the role of local forest knowledge systems in the interpretation and responses of the natural environment, and guide the trajectories of natural resource management practices. The management of agro-ecological sustainability is based on the local definition of well-being, social representation of space and on a multi-criteria approach combining bio-indicators such as plants, earthworm activities, age of vegetation or forest cover, soil colour and quality but it is also positively influenced by land use history, the use value of wild plant and crop species, the knowledge of crop qualities, the knowledge of interactions between crops, and between crops and other wild plant species, the tree size of tree species used, the future use of a current land use, the estimated land use for own use and market access. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal onder watter omstandighede die struktuur, organisasie en integrasie van kennissisteme kan bydra tot die implementering van aanpasbare deelnemende bestuur van natuurlike hulpbronne onder toestande van hoë biodiversiteit in die vogtige woudsone van suidelike Kameroen. Die studie het spesifiek die volgende gedoen: volhoubare kap-en-brand landboukundige ontwikkelinge gekarakteriseer; die invloede van plaaslike persepsies van die natuur en woudkennisgebaseerde bestuursisteme op aanpasbare kap-en-brand landboupraktyke ge-evalueer; die invloede van die sosiale verteenwoordiging van grondgebruikspatrone en hul plaaslike indikatore op agro-ekologiese volhoubaarheid ontleed; die biofisiese dimensies van die plaaslike bestuur van landboukundige biodiversiteitskennissisteme gekarakteriseer; geanaliseer hoe die plaaslike landboukundige biodiversiteitskennis gebruik word om aan te pas by en bevrediging te verkry vir huishoudelike gebruiksbehoeftes, marksvoorkeure en volhoubare bestaansbehoeftes; die invloede en gebruik van plaaslike kennis en persepsies van klimaatsvariasie beoordeel in die vermoë en aanpassingskapasiteit van mense om die effekte van siektes-peste op gewasproduksie, regstellende aksies en aanpasbare kap-enbrand landboubestuur te hanteer. Die studie is uitgevoer in drie blokke binne die vogtige woudsone van suidelike Kameroen langs ‘n gradient van natuurlike hulpbrongebruiksbestuursintensiteit en populasiedigtheid. Data is versamel deur gestruktureerde en semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude, multi-dissiplinere landskapsevaluering en ‘n oorsig van sekondere inligting. Chi-kwadraat toetse is gebruik om te wys hoe plaaslike kennis die bestuur van die woudlandbou konneksie beinvloed asook binêre logistiese regressies om die invloede te verstaan van biofisiese en sosio-ekonomiese faktore op die boere se besluite om boomsoorte te domestikeer en om verskeie gewaskultivars te kweek. Veertien temas in navorsing en ontwikkeling (N&O) was gelyk versprei tussen die blokke en ongelyk versprei tussen tegniese, bemarking en sosio-organisatoriese tipes innovering. Daar was ‘n gaping tussen sosiale aanvraag en innoveringsaanbieding. Innoverings het meer tegniese aspekte gedek, soos ontwikkeling van ‘n verskeidenheid gewasse, wat wys op ‘n landboukundige fokus eerder as ‘n integrasie van woud en landboukundige aspekte. Die plaaslike persepsies van die natuur en woudhulpbronne was gebaseer op sosiale verteenwoordiging van lewensbelangrike ruimte in komponente met ‘n spesifieke funksie vir die sosiale, fisiese en geestelike lewe van die mense. Behoeftes van die menslike wereld bepaal die rol van plaaslike woudkennissisteme in die interpretasie van en reaksie op die natuurlike omgewing, en rig die gebruik van hulpbronbestuurspraktyke. Die bestuur van agro-ekologiese volhoubaarheid is gebaseer op die plaaslike definisie van geluk, sosiale verteenwoordiging van ruimte en op ‘n multikriteria benadering wat bio-indikatore kombineer soos plante, erdwurmaktiwiteite, ouderdom van plantegroei- of woudbedekking, grondkleur- en kwaliteit, maar is ook positief beinvloed deur grondgebruiksgeskiedenis, die gebruikswaarde van natuurlike en gewassoorte, die kennis van gewaskwaliteite, die kennis van die interaksie tussen gewasse en tussen gewasse en natuurlike plantsoorte, die boomgrootte van boomsoorte wat gebruik word, die toekomstige gebruik van ‘n huidige grondgebruik, die beraamde grondgebruik vir eie gebruik en vir toegang tot die markte.

[pt] A indústria de Petróleo enfrenta uma nova realidade com foco na integração de pessoas, processos e tecnologias, que possibilita a tomada de decisão de forma mais rápida e consequente otimização da operação, emergindo assim o conceito de Operações Integradas. Neste âmbito, as principais empresas mundiais desta indústria possuem programas dedicados à integração operacional da sua cadeia. Os primeiros ambientes criados eram simplesmente derivados do conceito de salas de controle operacional, onde a equipe podia monitorar a operação e realizar comunicação com o pessoal localizado remotamente. Atualmente, as empresas reconhecem que, além do valor agregado dos ambientes de colaboração integrados, a integração operacional exige cuidado, avaliação, design e planejamento da implementação, para garantir que esses ambientes se tornem uma plataforma para melhorar a comunicação, subsidiar as melhores decisões, permitir alta qualidade das análises e efetivamente usar um pool de recursos especialistas para suportar diversas operações simultaneamente. Com base neste contexto, o objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar um modelo de gestão para implantação de um centro de provimento logístico offshore integrado. O modelo foi proposto com base em uma pesquisa-ação realizada em uma unidade de um importante player da indústria de petróleo. O trabalho ressalta os principais motivadores, abordagens, vantagens e desvantagens, indicadores de desempenho que podem ser constituídos, riscos e demais fatores críticos na adoção do modelo de gestão de um centro de provimento logístico offshore integrado. O modelo foi elaborado de forma a ser uma abordagem de gestão eficiente para a mitigação das principais causas de variação nos processos logístico da empresa analisada. A adoção de um modelo como o proposto representa uma ruptura em detrimento às práticas de gestão atuais na maioria das empresas, e, portanto, abordagens não convencionais de gestão de riscos e gestão da mudança são salientadas na dissertação. Por fim, questões inerentes ao delineamento do modelo conceitual para um modelo que se aproxime da realidade para a implantação são abordadas e analisadas. / [en] The oil industry has been facing a new reality and its focus lies in people s integration, processes and technologies which enable decisions to be taken in a faster way, which optimizes the operation and originates, therefore, the Integrated Operation concept. Taking this scenario into account, the main worldwide companies related to this industry are ready to offer programs which are dedicated to the operational integration of this chain. The first environments stemmed from the concept of the operational control rooms, where the team could monitor the operation and perform communication remotely. Nowadays, companies recognize that, besides the integrated value of the integrated collaboration environments, the operation integration demands care, evaluation, design and implementation planning in order to guarantee that such environments can become a platform which will improve communication, subsidize the best decisions, allow high quality in the analysis and use a pool of expert resources in an efficient manner in order to support several operations simultaneously. Based on this context, the aim of this work is to present a management model for the implementation of a center to provide integrated offshore logistics. The model was proposed based on an action research carried out in an important player unit of the oil industry. The work highlights the main motivations, approaches, advantages and disadvantages, performance indicators which may be constituted, risks as well as other critical factors in the adoption of a management model for the implementation of a center to provide integrated offshore logistics. The model was created with the aim of becoming an efficient management approach for the mitigation of the main variation causes in the logistic processes taking the company analyzed as a reference. The adoption of a model as the one proposed represents a rupture as opposed to the current management practices in most companies, and, therefore, non-conventional approaches in the management of risks and changes are highlighted in this work. Finally, issues inherent to the formulation of the conceptual model for a model which is close to the reality for the implementation are discussed an analyzed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Santiago.pdf: 1680894 bytes, checksum: f5004a041aad98b34afd1811f9bf03b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The aim of this paper is to critically understand how the actions of participants (students and professor-researcher) contribute or not to collaborative knowledge production in two forums in distance education. This study s theoretical framework is founded on the Socio-Historical-Cultural Activity Theory (VYGOTSKY, 1934; LEONTIEV, 1977; ENGESTRÖM, 1987-2009), based on Knowledge Production, discussed through the Art of Encounter(SPINOZA, 1677) and Zones of Proximal Development (VYGOTSKY, 1934; NEWMAN; HOLZMAN, 2002; MAGALHÃES, 2009-2011), and also on the Argumentation studies (LIBERALI, 1999-2012). In methodological terms, it is inserted in the critical paradigm and organized as a Critical Collaborative Research (MAGALHÃES, 2011), that is premised on the assumption of not only observing and describing contexts, but interfering, comprehending and transforming them, in a single movement. The corpus of this investigation is composed by interactions seen in two discussion forums between the professorresearcher and first-term students who are enrolled in the Portuguese and Spanish distance graduation courses at a university in Great São Paulo. In the perspective of Applied Linguistics, data were analyzed through participants speech materiality, in the light of categories that consider knowledge production in Argumentation. These categories were divided in enunciative (BAKHTIN, 1929), discursive(PONTECORVO, 2005; LIBERALI, in press; PERELMAN; OLBRECHTS-TYTECA, 1958) and linguistic categories (LIBERALI, in press; KOCH, 2006). This survey results point out to five manners of managementthat enable the movement of participants voices and collaborative production of knowledge. Moreover, they also show that collaborative production not always happens due to lack of discussion wrap up, negotiation and interlacing of voices / Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender criticamente de que maneira as ações dos participantes (alunos e professora-pesquisadora) contribuem ou não para a produção colaborativa de conhecimento em dois fóruns na educação a distância. O recorte teórico está fundamentado na Teoria da Atividade Sócio-Histórico-Cultural (VYGOTSKY, 1934; LEONTIEV, 1977; ENGESTRÖM, 1987-2009), com bases na Produção de Conhecimento, discutida a partir da Arte do Encontro (SPINOZA, 1677) e da criação de Zonas de Desenvolvimento Proximal (VYGOTSKY, 1934; NEWMAN; HOLZMAN, 2002; MAGALHÃES, 2009-2011), e nos estudos da Argumentação (LIBERALI, 1999-2012).Em termos metodológicos, está inserido no paradigma crítico e organizada como uma Pesquisa Crítica de Colaboração (MAGALHÃES, 2009-2012),que tem como pressuposto não apenas observar e descrever contextos, mas interferir neles, compreendendo-os e transformando-os, em um movimento único. O corpus de análise constitui-se de interações entre professora-pesquisadora e alunos em dois fóruns de discussão do Período 1 dos cursos de Letras Língua Portuguesa e Língua Estrangeira Espanhol a distância de uma universidade da Grande São Paulo. Na perspectiva da Linguística Aplicada, os dados foram analisados por meio da materialidade nas falas dos participantes, à luz de categorias que consideram a produção de conhecimento na Argumentação. Essas categorias foram divididas em categorias enunciativas(BAKHTIN, 1929),discursivas (PONTECORVO, 2005; LIBERALI, no prelo; PERELMAN; OLBRECHTS-TYTECA, 1958) e linguísticas (LIBERALI, no prelo; KOCH, 2006). Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam para cinco modos de gestão que possibilitam a movimentação das vozes dos participantes e a produção colaborativa de conhecimento. No entanto, expressam também que a produção colaborativa nem sempre acontece devido à falta de fechamento nas discussões, de negociações e de entrelaçamento das vozes

The issue of sediment removal from the San Gabriel Mountains has been a complex issue that has created problems with beach replenishment, habitat destruction and the need to spend millions of dollars at regular intervals to avoid safety hazards. Most recently 11 acres of riparian habitat, including 179 oaks and 70 sycamores, were removed for sediment placement. Other sites including Hahamongna Watershed Park and La Tuna Canyon also face a similar fate. This thesis questions: How did we get to this point of destroying habitat to dump sediment which is viewed as waste product? What are the barriers for creating long term solutions and progressive change? What are some other options? And how should we move forward? The issues with sediment management have stemmed from regulatory compliance issues, adversarial relationships within agencies and among NGO's and the public, and the lack of a comprehensive long-term plan to prevent further habitat loss and other sediment removal issues. A recommendation includes looking at a community forestry model to include a wide cross-section of the community, NGO's and government agencies to come up with a long term comprehensive and progressive solution.

Submitted by Fabiany Feitosa (fabiany.sousa@ufba.br) on 2017-03-21T12:51:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Henrique Gomes Jatobá.pdf: 32486392 bytes, checksum: fd90d6b0b76344c2870e47a6e6954277 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Angela Dortas (dortas@ufba.br) on 2017-03-21T18:06:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Henrique Gomes Jatobá.pdf: 32486392 bytes, checksum: fd90d6b0b76344c2870e47a6e6954277 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T18:06:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Henrique Gomes Jatobá.pdf: 32486392 bytes, checksum: fd90d6b0b76344c2870e47a6e6954277 (MD5) / A economia da cultura tem se tornado, nas últimas décadas, um importante vetor produtivo e de inclusão social na economia brasileira. Dentre as políticas públicas que estimulam a organização produtiva na cultura, destacam-se o Programa Cultura Viva e as ações de fomento da Secretaria de Economia Criativa, ambos ligados ao Ministério da Cultura. Mesmo beneficiados com incentivos públicos, os empreendimentos comunitários têm dificuldades em acessar o mercado cultural do seu território, formar público e dominar as tecnologias da informação necessárias a sua sustentabilidade. O desenvolvimento de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem e gestão colaborativa, adaptado à realidade desses grupos, pode ser bem sucedido quando os futuros usuários dos empreendimentos comunitários são capacitados para utilizar a nova solução em paralelo ao seu desenvolvimento. A pesquisa participante junto a Produtora Colabor@tiva.PE na Universidade Federal de Pernambuco e a pesquisa-ação realizada Universidade LIVRE de Teatro Vila Velha na Bahia, analisam como essas produtoras culturais colaborativas conseguiram se beneficiar de novos suportes digitais em seus processos de gestão interna e formação continuada. A colaboração desses usuários na comunidade de desenvolvimento da plataforma CORAIS possibilitou aprimorar as ferramentas de groupware existentes e desenvolver novas funcionalidades como a gestão transparente de uma moeda social digital. / The culture economy has become in the last decades one of the most important productive and social inclusion vectors on Brazilian economy. Among the public finance actions made by the government the main actions that support productive organization on the cultural groups are the Points of Culture network and the creative economy secretary, both related do the Minister of Culture of Brazil. Even the institutions that received public investments are showing difficulties in access in the local market create and maintain consumers have access and learn how to use information technology that is necessary to achieve economical sustainability. The development of collaborative management and learning virtual environments customized to these realities are only possible when these groups learn how to use free software tools in their internal activities. The study of the Produtora Colabor@tiva.PE in Recife at the Federal University of Pernambuco and the Universidade LIVRE de Teatro Vila Velha in Salvador, Bahia, part of this research execute an analysis about how this collaborative cultural producers got better results by adopting virtual environments. The participation of these groups in the CORAIS platform development community made possible that the existing groupware tools and develop new solutions as the public management of a local digital currency.

No description available.

Platforms for publication and collaborative management of data, such as Data.gov or Google Fusion Tables, are a new trend on the web. They manage very large corpora of datasets, but often lack an integrated schema, ontology, or even just common publication standards. This results in inconsistent names for attributes of the same meaning, which constrains the discovery of relationships between datasets as well as their reusability. Existing data integration techniques focus on reuse-time, i.e., they are applied when a user wants to combine a specific set of datasets or integrate them with an existing database. In contrast, this paper investigates a novel method of data integration at publish-time, where the publisher is provided with suggestions on how to integrate the new dataset with the corpus as a whole, without resorting to a manually created mediated schema or ontology for the platform. We propose data-driven algorithms that propose alternative attribute names for a newly published dataset based on attribute- and instance statistics maintained on the corpus. We evaluate the proposed algorithms using real-world corpora based on the Open Data Platform opendata.socrata.com and relational data extracted from Wikipedia. We report on the system's response time, and on the results of an extensive crowdsourcing-based evaluation of the quality of the generated attribute names alternatives.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux protocoles pair-à-pair (P2P), qui représentent une solution prometteuse pour la diffusion et le partage de données à faible coût sur Internet. Nous avons mené, dans un premier temps, une étude comportementale de différents protocoles P2P pour le partage de fichier (distribution de contenus sans contrainte de temps) puis le live. Dans la première étude centréesur le partage de fichier, nous avons montré l’impact d’Hadopi sur le comportement des utilisateurs et discuté l’efficacité des protocoles en fonction du contenu et l’efficacité protocolaire, en se basant sur les choix des utilisateurs. BitTorrent s’est nettement démarqué au cours de cette étude, notamment pour les grands contenus. En ce qui concerne le live, nous nous sommes intéressés à la qualité de servicedu réseau de distribution live Sopcast, car plus de 60% des événements live diffusés en P2P le sont sur ce réseau. Notre analyse approfondie de ces deux modes de distribution nous a fait nous recentrer sur BitTorrent, qui est à la base de tous les protocoles P2P Live, et est efficace en partage de fichier et complètement open source. Dans la seconde partie de la thèse, nous avons proposé et implémenté dansun environnement contrôlé un nouveau protocole sur la base de BitTorrent avec des mécanismes protocolaires impliquant tous les pairs dans la gestion du réseau. Ces nouveaux mécanismes permettent d’augmenter l’efficacité du protocole via une meilleure diffusion, tant pour le live que le partage de fichier, de métadonnées (la pièce la plus rare) et via une méthode dite de push, par laquelle un client va envoyer du contenu aux pairs les plus dans le besoin / In this study, we focused on peer-to-peer protocols (P2P), which represent a promising solution for data dissemination and content delivery at low-cost in the Internet. We performed, initially, a behavioral study of various P2P protocols for file sharing (content distribution without time constraint) and live streaming. Concerning file sharing, we have shown the impact of Hadopi on users’ behavior and discussed the effectiveness of protocols according to content type, based on users’ choice. BitTorrent appeared as the most efficient approach during our study, especially when it comes to large content. As for streaming, we studied the quality of service of Sopcast, a live distribution network that accounts for more than 60% of P2P broadcast live events. Our in-depth analysis of these two distributionmodes led us to focus on the BitTorrent protocol because of its proven efficiency in file sharing and the fact that it is open source. In the second part of the thesis, we proposed and implemented a new protocol based on BitTorrent, in a controlled environment. The modifications that we proposed allow to increase the efficiency of the protocol through improved dissemination of metadata (the rarest piece), both for live and file sharing. An enhanced version is introduced with a push method, where nodes that lag behind receive an extra service so as to improve the overall performance