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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Conhecimentos “de” e “sobre” geometria de duas professoras iniciantes no contexto de um grupo colaborativo / Knowledge "of" and "about" geometry of two beginners teachers in the context of a collaborative group

Zortêa, Gislaine Aparecida Puton 30 May 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Gislaine Aparecida Puton Zortêa (gi.zortea@outlook.com) on 2018-06-22T23:43:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gislaine Zortêa_Dissertação pronta para repositório.pdf: 2466054 bytes, checksum: f2bfc73f25da48f76a2dc53ca9448dbf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-06-25T12:01:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 zortea_gap_me_ilha.pdf: 2466054 bytes, checksum: f2bfc73f25da48f76a2dc53ca9448dbf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-25T12:01:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 zortea_gap_me_ilha.pdf: 2466054 bytes, checksum: f2bfc73f25da48f76a2dc53ca9448dbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente dissertação vincula-se à linha de pesquisa “Educação Matemática” do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino e Processos Formativos da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” de Ilha Solteira – SP (FEIS/UNESP) e teve como objetivo verificar em que sentido a experiência de compartilhar e narrar suas experiências em Geometria contribui para o aprender e ensinar em um grupo com características colaborativas. A metodologia adotada se enquadra no campo dos estudos qualitativos na modalidade de pesquisa ação-estratégica. Os dados foram coligidos no contexto de sessões reflexivas, bem como por meio de dois roteiros de entrevista semiestruturada com duas docentes em início de carreira no ambiente da colaboração. Adotamos um referencial teórico que discute aspectos da formação para o ensino de Matemática em cursos de Pedagogia, a presença da Geometria na Educação Básica a partir de uma articulação com as bases para o ensino de Lee Shulman (conhecimento específico de conteúdo, conhecimento pedagógico de conteúdo e conhecimento curricular de conteúdo) e processos de colaboração experienciados por grupos colaborativos no Brasil no campo da Educação Matemática. O contato direto com a situação problematizada nesta dissertação possibilitou caracterizar a fase do início da docência como sendo um momento conturbado, conflituoso e, ao mesmo tempo, de aprendizagens intensas para professoras iniciantes, uma vez que, no cotidiano da profissão, elas acabam por mobilizar saberes para “sobreviver” aos desafios que lhes são apresentados tanto pela escola quanto pela prática pedagógica em Matemática. No espaço do grupo, foi possível verificar que a interação com os demais membros proporcionou, pelo que indicam os dados, a ampliação do repertório didático-pedagógico em relação aos conteúdos ligados à Geometria, o que acaba por contribuir para o resgate desse campo matemático no cotidiano das aulas, como ainda para a prática de reflexão “de” e “sobre” seu ensino. Um elemento importante foi que no decorrer da experiência de pesquisa, com a prática de estudo coletivo, organização e planejamento das aulas, as professoras iniciantes passaram a gravar fragmentos de episódios de Geometria e compartilharam no grupo, razão que nos permite afirmar o potencial do recurso da videogravação como elemento de reflexão. Com o término desta investigação, é possível afirmar que as duas docentes tiveram contribuições importantes para a constituição de suas próprias práticas, promovendo autonomia e autocrítica ao se desenvolverem profissionalmente com apoio do grupo colaborativo. / The present work is linked to the line of research “Mathematical education” of the Postgraduate Program in Teaching and Formative Processes of the São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” from Ilha Solteira – SP (FEIS/UNESP) and its aim was to verify in which sense the experience of the sharing and talking about experiences on Geometry contributes to the learning and teaching in a group with collaborative characteristics. The adopted methodology is fitted to the area of the qualitative studies in the modality of action-strategic research. The data were collected on the context of reflexive sections as well through use of two semi structured interview scripts with two teachers in the beginning of their carrier on the collaboration ambient. We have adopted a theoretical referential that discusses aspects of the formation to the teaching of the Mathematic in Pedagogy courses, the presence of the Geometry in the Basic Education from an articulation with the basis to the teaching of Lee Shulman (specific content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge and curricular content knowledge) and processes of collaboration observed by collaborative groups in Brazil in the area of Mathematical Education. The direct contact with the problematic situation in the present work allowed to characterize the phase of the beginning of the teaching as being a troubled and conflicted moment but, at the same time, as a phase of intense learning by the beginning teachers, since, in the daily of the profession, they mobilize knowledge to “survive” amid the challenges presented by the school and the pedagogic practice in Mathematic. In the space of the group, it was possible to verify that the interaction with other members promoted the enlargement of the didactic-pedagogic repertoire in relation to the content liked to Geometry. This affirmation was supported by the observed data and it contributes to the rescue of this mathematical campus in the classes daily, as to the practice of the reflection on “of” and “about” its teaching. During the experience of the research with the practice of the collaborative studies, organization and planning of the classes, the beginning teachers have started to recording fragments of the episodes of Geometry and also to sharing with the group, reason the support the potential of the video recording as a reflection element. With the ending of this investigation, it is possible to affirm that both teachers had important contributions for the constitution of their practices through of the promotion of the autonomy and self-criticism to their professional development with the support of the collaborative group. / CAPES 19/3300415-3
2

Lego Therapy : developing social competence in children with Asperger syndrome through collaborative Lego play

Brett, Elinor January 2013 (has links)
Children with Asperger syndrome and high functioning autism typically experience difficulty with social interaction and social communication, hence the development of social competence is important to promote social inclusion. A quasi-experimental baseline design was employed to measure changes in social competence following participation in Lego therapy. Fourteen children with Asperger syndrome participated in an eight week Lego therapy intervention in nine schools. Social competence was measured through observations of social interaction on the school playground and adaptive socialisation and communication. Statistically significant increases were observed in adaptive socialisation and play following participation in Lego Therapy. No significant differences were found in communication, median duration of interactions or frequency of self-initiated social interactions. Measures of social competence were completed again following a period without intervention, to establish whether increases in social competence were sustained. Aspects of social competence decreased following a period without intervention, however, decreases were not significant. Programme fidelity was measured by adherence to fundamental aspects of the intervention and a measure of inter-rater reliability. Adherence ranged between 63-100% for aspects of the intervention, and between 82-97% for schools delivering the intervention. Implications for practice were highlighted, and included the need to encourage generalisation of skills from Lego therapy into the wider school environment, and a need for on-going support for school staff when the intervention is delivered in schools. Alternative ways of promoting social competence within an inclusive school environment were discussed.
3

Currículo de química em foco: reflexões de um grupo colaborativo de professores do Estado de São Paulo / Chemistry curriculum in focus : reflections of a collaborative group of São Paulo teachers

Lima, Lilian Patricia 24 May 2016 (has links)
Esta pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, se propõe a investigar a seguinte questão de pesquisa: Como a participação do professor de química em um grupo colaborativo contribui para o aprofundamento de suas reflexões sobre o ensino de Química, tendo em vista uma análise crítica do atual currículo e de seu desenvolvimento em sala de aula? Como a inserção do professor nesse grupo contribui para a melhoria de sua prática docente? Os objetivos da pesquisa foram: a) Analisar como os professores avaliam as estratégias de ensino sugeridas nos cadernos de apoio ao professor e as suas próprias para o desenvolvimento do conteúdo. b) Identificar as relações entre a incorporação do currículo na prática pedagógica e aspectos da estrutura e abordagem dos conceitos. c) Identificar possíveis obstáculos postos pelo trabalho colaborativo que podem influenciar tomadas de decisão individuais e coletivas sobre a prática docente. d) Identificar as percepções dos professores sobre seu desenvolvimento profissional com a participação no grupo. Para que os objetivos fossem alcançados, o grupo formado por dez professores de química da rede pública de São Paulo passou a se reunir, desenvolvendo os encontros tendo como base a troca de experiências, o estudo do atual currículo paulista de química e reflexões e discussões acerca do ensino de química. Foram 10 encontros nos quais os dados foram coletados através da gravação de vídeo de todos os encontros, entrevistas semi-estruturadas, atividades realizadas pelos participantes do grupo e questionários aplicados. Os dados foram transcritos e a análise desses dados está baseada na análise de conteúdo, onde categorias emergentes foram estabelecidas. Os resultados mostraram que os professores participantes, possuem dificuldades quanto à compreensão e utilização do atual currículo de química do Estado de São Paulo em suas práticas pedagógicas. Também ficou evidenciado que o grupo colaborativo atuou na reestruturação do pensamento docente em relação ao ensino de química e ao currículo de química vigente, bem como contribuiu para a ressignificação das práticas pedagógicas, favorecendo o desenvolvimento profissional. / This research has a qualitative approach and aims to investigate the following research question: How the participation of a chemistry teacher in a collaborative group contributes for deeper reflections about chemistry learning process, owing to a critical analysis of the curriculum and their development in classroom? How the teacher involvement in this group contributes to the improvement of their teaching practice? The aims of this research are: a) Analyze how the teachers assess the learning strategies suggested in teacher´s support notes and their own for the development of the content. b) Identify the relations between curriculum incorporation in the pedagogic practice and structure aspects and approach of concepts. c) Identify possible barriers set by the collaborative work that can induce individual decisions and collective about teaching practice. d) Identify the teacher´s perceptions about their professional development with the group´s participation. To achieve the goals, the group formed by ten chemistry teachers of Sao Paulo public schools has been reunited, developing the meetings through the experience exchange, study of the current chemistry curriculum and reflections and discussions about chemistry learning. Ten meetings were performed in which the data were collected by recorded videos of the meetings, semi-structured interviews, activities that were realized by the participants of the group and were applied questionnaires. The data were transcripts and the analysis of these data was based in the content analysis, were the categories were established. The results showed that the teachers have difficulties as to the comprehension and application of the current chemistry curriculum of Sao Paulo State in their pedagogic practices. The collaborative group also acted in the restructuring of the teacher´s thought regarding to the chemistry learning and current chemistry curriculum, as well as it contribute to the resignification of the pedagogic practices favoring the professional development.
4

Educação estatística em escolas do povo Xukuru do Ororubá

OLIVEIRA, Sérgia Andréa Pereira de 11 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-05T14:14:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Sergia_Final xxx.pdf: 3986614 bytes, checksum: ec08228285c485a27e911fc662e8860b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-05T14:14:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Sergia_Final xxx.pdf: 3986614 bytes, checksum: ec08228285c485a27e911fc662e8860b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / CAPES / CNPQ / Neste trabalho objetivou-se analisar a Educação Estatística desenvolvida em escolas indígenas do povo Xukuru do Ororubá. Em termos específicos buscou-se identificar se e como conteúdos de estatística são trabalhados por professores dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental de escolas do povo Xukuru do Ororubá e analisar o planejamento e realização de atividades em sala de aula envolvendo etapas do ciclo investigativo para a Educação Estatística, desenvolvidas no âmbito de um grupo colaborativo. A Educação Escolar Indígena conforme definido pela legislação brasileira, deve ser específica e diferenciada mediante as expressões socioculturais de cada povo. Investigações recentes na área da Educação Estatística apontam a importância de fomentar nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem o protagonismo dos estudantes por meio de situações didáticas que incluam as dimensões socioculturais existentes nos diferentes contextos dos indivíduos. Assim, os fios teóricos utilizados neste estudo se baseiam em teorizações vinculadas a discussões sobre a aprendizagem de Estatística em ambientes pluriculturais, uma vez que, quando os sujeitos vivenciam uma aprendizagem na qual suas características individuais e culturais são valorizadas amplia-se uma reflexão crítica e política, de modo a favorecer o entendimento de conteúdos e de sua aplicabilidade na vida cotidiana. A abordagem metodológica se baseou na perspectiva etnográfica e utilizou como instrumentos de pesquisa a observação participante, entrevistas semi-estruturada com três professores indígenas, análise documental em diários de aula de dois professores e formação de um grupo colaborativo com a participação de 11 docentes dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental para discussão, desenvolvimento e análise de conteúdos de Estatística. Identificamos neste estudo que os professores recebem na formação inicial pouca orientação para o trabalho com a Estatística. Os registros das atividades de matemática revelam uma predominância do ensino de número e operações em sala de aula. O registro de atividade com a Estatística, indicou o trabalho com a construção de gráficos e tabelas. O processo do grupo colaborativo foi consolidado em quatro encontros e envolveu discussões sobre ideias e conceitos no âmbito da Educação Estatística, em particular, sobre a importância da pesquisa estatística para desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico. A partir de uma única temática escolhida pelo grupo colaborativo, cada participante elaborou um plano de aula para o Ensino de Estatística. Após a realização do plano de aula em suas respectivas escolas, os professores entregaram relatórios contendo planejamentos, ações desenvolvidas, atividades realizadas pelos alunos e socializaram as ações desenvolvidas com o grupo colaborativo. Os planos de aula apresentaram características interdisciplinares e envolveram o trabalho com a pesquisa estatística. O gráfico de barras consistiu a forma de apresentação de dados mais utilizada para o tratamento dos dados, seguido do gráfico de setores. A proposta de formação do grupo colaborativo contribuiu para potencializar o desenvolvimento da educação estatística em escolas indígenas Xukuru do Ororubá viabilizando o protagonismo dos docentes e a participação ativa destes nos processos de aprendizagem na comunidade indígena. / The main objective of this paper is to analyse the statistics education developed in the Xukuru indigenous schools of Ororuba. Specifically the identification of whether and how statistical contents are worked by teachers in the early years of Xukuru elementary schools is sought. Also, the planning and carrying out of activities in the classroom developed under a collaborative group involving stages of the investigative cycle for statistics education is analysed. The Indigenous Education as defined by Brazilian law should be specific and differentiated by socio-cultural expressions of each people. Recent research in the field of statistics education have shown the importance of stimulating the role of students in the teaching and learning processes. These should be motivated using didactic situations that include the existing socio-cultural dimensions in the different contexts of the individuals. Thus, the theoretical arrangements used in this study are based on theories linked to discussions of statistical learning in multicultural environments. The experience of learning when individual and cultural characteristics are valued provide the extension of critical and political reflection and favour the understanding of the contents and its applicability in everyday life. The methodological approach was based on ethnographic perspective and the used research instruments were the observation of participants, semistructured interviews with three indigenous teachers, documentary analysis of classroom diaries of two teachers and formation of a collaborative group with the participation of 11 teachers of the initial years of primary education for discussion, development and analysis of statistical content. With this study it was identified that teachers receive little guidance during the initial training to work with statistics. Records of math activities show a predominance of teaching number and operations in the classroom. The records of statistic activities indicates working with the construction of graphs and tables. The process of collaborative group was consolidated in four meetings and involved discussions about ideas and concepts in statistics education based on the importance of statistical research for the development of critical thinking. Using a theme selected by the collaborative group, each participant prepared a lesson plan for statistics teaching. After completion of the lesson plan in their respective schools, teachers delivered reports containing the plans, developed actions, activities performed by students and presented the developed actions within the collaborative group. The lesson plans presented interdisciplinary characteristics and involved work with statistical research. The bar graph consisted of the form of presentation most commonly used for the treatment of data, followed by the pie chart. The proposal of formation of the collaborative group helped to enhance the development of statistical education in Xukuru indigenous schools of Ororuba enabling a leading role to teachers and their active participation in the learning process in the indigenous community.
5

Collaborative Group Learning and Knowledge Building to Address Information Systems Project Failure

Angelo, Raymond Fontana 01 January 2011 (has links)
Approximately half of the information systems (IS) projects implemented each year are considered failures. These failed projects cost billions of dollars annually. Failures can be due to projects being delivered late, over-budget, abandoned after significant time and resource investment, or failing to achieve desired results. More often than not, the failure of a project is not due to technical issues, but due to social and business-related problems. These issues can include a communication breakdown and lack of participation by project stakeholders; lack of a business case and success criteria for a project; failure to review project status, delays and revisions; and unrealistic schedules. While educators cannot address the issue of project failure in information systems directly, they can target the need to build collaboration skills and sensitivity to project business and social issues in students. The building of these skills and sensitivities can lead to more effective project team members and managers. Conversely, there is little evidence that higher education prepares students to be collaborators. One goal of this research was to determine to what extent students demonstrated group knowledge construction through online discussion of project issues presented in a real-world business scenarios. The Interaction Analysis Model for Examining Social Construction of Knowledge in Computer Conferencing (IAM) was chosen to measure group knowledge construction through discussions in a series of project problem scenarios. A second goal was to determine to what extent the knowledge construction through group discussion increases students' perceived level of awareness of information systems projects' social and business issues. Both goals of this research were realized to some extent. This study demonstrated that by the use of scenarios to expose students to typical social and business causes of failure in information systems projects, awareness of these issues could be enhanced between the pre-test and post-test groups. This study also demonstrated that through participation in discussion groups, individuals can demonstrate significant growth in collaboration skills. Further research should examine a population that has more balance with regard to gender of the participants, and should consider the influence of "guided reflection" provided by instructors.
6

Currículo de química em foco: reflexões de um grupo colaborativo de professores do Estado de São Paulo / Chemistry curriculum in focus : reflections of a collaborative group of São Paulo teachers

Lilian Patricia Lima 24 May 2016 (has links)
Esta pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, se propõe a investigar a seguinte questão de pesquisa: Como a participação do professor de química em um grupo colaborativo contribui para o aprofundamento de suas reflexões sobre o ensino de Química, tendo em vista uma análise crítica do atual currículo e de seu desenvolvimento em sala de aula? Como a inserção do professor nesse grupo contribui para a melhoria de sua prática docente? Os objetivos da pesquisa foram: a) Analisar como os professores avaliam as estratégias de ensino sugeridas nos cadernos de apoio ao professor e as suas próprias para o desenvolvimento do conteúdo. b) Identificar as relações entre a incorporação do currículo na prática pedagógica e aspectos da estrutura e abordagem dos conceitos. c) Identificar possíveis obstáculos postos pelo trabalho colaborativo que podem influenciar tomadas de decisão individuais e coletivas sobre a prática docente. d) Identificar as percepções dos professores sobre seu desenvolvimento profissional com a participação no grupo. Para que os objetivos fossem alcançados, o grupo formado por dez professores de química da rede pública de São Paulo passou a se reunir, desenvolvendo os encontros tendo como base a troca de experiências, o estudo do atual currículo paulista de química e reflexões e discussões acerca do ensino de química. Foram 10 encontros nos quais os dados foram coletados através da gravação de vídeo de todos os encontros, entrevistas semi-estruturadas, atividades realizadas pelos participantes do grupo e questionários aplicados. Os dados foram transcritos e a análise desses dados está baseada na análise de conteúdo, onde categorias emergentes foram estabelecidas. Os resultados mostraram que os professores participantes, possuem dificuldades quanto à compreensão e utilização do atual currículo de química do Estado de São Paulo em suas práticas pedagógicas. Também ficou evidenciado que o grupo colaborativo atuou na reestruturação do pensamento docente em relação ao ensino de química e ao currículo de química vigente, bem como contribuiu para a ressignificação das práticas pedagógicas, favorecendo o desenvolvimento profissional. / This research has a qualitative approach and aims to investigate the following research question: How the participation of a chemistry teacher in a collaborative group contributes for deeper reflections about chemistry learning process, owing to a critical analysis of the curriculum and their development in classroom? How the teacher involvement in this group contributes to the improvement of their teaching practice? The aims of this research are: a) Analyze how the teachers assess the learning strategies suggested in teacher´s support notes and their own for the development of the content. b) Identify the relations between curriculum incorporation in the pedagogic practice and structure aspects and approach of concepts. c) Identify possible barriers set by the collaborative work that can induce individual decisions and collective about teaching practice. d) Identify the teacher´s perceptions about their professional development with the group´s participation. To achieve the goals, the group formed by ten chemistry teachers of Sao Paulo public schools has been reunited, developing the meetings through the experience exchange, study of the current chemistry curriculum and reflections and discussions about chemistry learning. Ten meetings were performed in which the data were collected by recorded videos of the meetings, semi-structured interviews, activities that were realized by the participants of the group and were applied questionnaires. The data were transcripts and the analysis of these data was based in the content analysis, were the categories were established. The results showed that the teachers have difficulties as to the comprehension and application of the current chemistry curriculum of Sao Paulo State in their pedagogic practices. The collaborative group also acted in the restructuring of the teacher´s thought regarding to the chemistry learning and current chemistry curriculum, as well as it contribute to the resignification of the pedagogic practices favoring the professional development.
7

Instructional Design and Technology Student and Instructor Perceptions Regarding Collaborative Learning Groups

Jeffrey, Thomas Read 15 April 2010 (has links)
Collaborative group learning is a popular method of instruction that is used in a variety of academic disciplines but little is known about how it is perceived as an instructional approach. The purpose of this study was to discover how college-level learners and instructors perceive collaborative group learning in regard to value and benefit, role of the instructor, and factors that contribute to positive and negative collaborative experiences. A non-experimental study provided information about participants in the form of descriptive data, correlational statistics, and qualitative analysis. Findings indicated that collaborative group learning was valued because it supported the achievement of learning goals, was an effective method of learning, and held professional benefit. However, value and benefit were reported to be affected by a variety of factors, such as work and reward inequities, the social context of collaboration, and the appropriateness of the activity to the learning situation and objectives. Findings related to the instructor's role showed that students acknowledged and accepted ownership of group processes; however, they also indicated that they would like the instructor to play an active role in the collaborative activity to support the learning process. This and other instructor role findings indicate the complexity of balancing instructor functions, as highlighted in results that showed some learners and instructors preferred a hands-off approach on the part of the instructor, while other learners and instructors felt that instructor involvement was a necessity. Suggestions provided by learners and instructors regarding instructor functions that supported effective collaboration included such activities as mentoring collaborative behavior, monitoring group and individual progress, and providing clear expectations and guidance. Findings from this study may be useful for informing the design, development, and implementation of collaborative group learning activities by providing insight into the factors that contribute to effective collaborative experiences, as well as perceptual differences and similarities between the learners and instructors. / Ph. D.
8

Visualize Our Perspective: Using Photovoice to Document Students’ College Experiences

Clouse, Diane E. 15 October 2015 (has links)
No description available.
9

Desenvolvimento de uma seqüência didática sobre quadriláteros e suas propriedades: contribuições de um grupo colaborativo

Silva Filho, Alvesmar Ferreira da 24 May 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:13:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alvesmar Ferreira da Silva Filho.pdf: 4341581 bytes, checksum: 7d920ecf354e0137a2bbca7e034ddc90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-24 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-25T17:25:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Alvesmar Ferreira da Silva Filho.pdf.jpg: 1943 bytes, checksum: cc73c4c239a4c332d642ba1e7c7a9fb2 (MD5) Alvesmar Ferreira da Silva Filho.pdf: 4341581 bytes, checksum: 7d920ecf354e0137a2bbca7e034ddc90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-24 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The aim of this study was to involve a group of mathematics teachers from the same school in the development of a teaching sequence related to quadrilaterals and their properties. Inspired by the aims of the project AProvaMe (Argumentation and proof in school mathematics), a collaborative group was organised in the school where the teacher-researcher works, with the intention of creating a space within which teachers could engage in discussions about the theme of the research: the teaching and learning of proof. Before initiating the reunions of the group, a first version of the teaching sequence was conceived to serve as a focus for the discussions. The design of the activities of the sequence was informed by the work of Parsysz about the teaching of geometry in general and, more specifically, aspects related to justifying and proving were based in the perspectives about types of proof and their functions of Balacheff and De Villiers. With the sequence in hand, two teachers were invited to compose, together with the teacher-researcher, a collaborative group within which to work through, discuss and, where necessary, modify the proposed activities. On the basis of the initial survey of the conceptions of the teachers about prova and its teaching, it was identified that the area of the curriculum is not one woth which they are well familiar or comfortable and, in particular, both the teachers indicated that they expect their students only to understand arguments of a pragmatic and not a conceptual nature.. Given this fact, perhaps the most significant contribution of their participation in the collaborative group meetings was the oportunity to reflect upon possible teaching strategies that might help smooth the passage from pragmatic to conceptual proofs / Esse trabalho tem como objetivo envolver um grupo de professores da Matemática de uma mesma escola no desenvolvimento de uma seqüência didática sobre quadriláteros e suas propriedades. Inspirado nos objetivos do projeto AprovaME (Argumentação e Prova na Matemática Escola), resolvemos organizar um grupo colaborativo na escola onde trabalhamos, com a intenção de criar um espaço que possibilitasse a discussão sobre o tema dessa pesquisa: o ensino e aprendizagem de prova. Antes de iniciar as reuniões do grupo, concebemos uma primeira versão de uma seqüência didática para servir como base para as discussões. A elaboração das atividades da seqüência foi baseada nos trabalhos de Parsysz (2000) sobre o ensino de Geometria em geral e, mais especialmente, as partes referentes à justificativa e prova foram baseadas nas perspectivas sobre tipos de provas e suas funções de Balacheff (1988) e De Villiers (2001). Em seguida, convidamos duas professoras da Matemática para formarem, juntamente com o pesquisador/professor, um grupo colaborativo no qual realizamos, discutimos e, na medida necessária, modificamos as atividades propostas, inicialmente, na seqüência. A partir de levantamento inicial das concepções das professoras sobre provas e seu ensino, identificamos que provas não representam um tópico com qual as professoras sentiam-se muito seguras e, em particular, ambas indicaram que esperavam que seus alunos apenas entendessem provas de natureza pragmática. Assim, a contribuição mais significativa da participação delas nos encontros do grupo colaborativo foi a possibilidade de refletir sobre estratégias de ensino que pudessem facilitar a passagem de provas pragmáticas a provas conceituais
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Formação continuada de professores de química em grupo colaborativo: conhecimentos e práticas sobre eletroquímica, equilíbrio químico e cinética química / Teacher education in a collaborative group: knowledge and practice about electrochemistry, chemical equilibrium and kinetic chemistry

Vaciloto, Naãma Cristina Negri 24 August 2017 (has links)
Existe um conjunto de necessidades formativas que, quando superadas, garantem ao professor subsídios para desempenhar a atividade docente com qualidade. Conhecer a matéria a ser ensinada é uma delas, pois o domínio dos conteúdos científicos pode estar relacionado ao envolvimento dos professores em atividades inovadoras, evitando a transmissão mecânica dos conteúdos. Mas, será que os professores apresentam uma compreensão dos conteúdos prescritos no currículo de Química do Estado de São Paulo que lhes dê segurança para ensinar? Tais conhecimentos e concepções influenciam suas decisões sobre estratégias de ensino e prática docente? A ampliação e o aprofundamento conceitual podem auxiliar os professores na compreensão do currículo e em suas práticas de sala de aula? Tais questões nortearam esta pesquisa, que contou com a participação de doze professores de Química da região metropolitana de São Paulo. Os professores se reuniram quinzenalmente, no Instituto de Química da Universidade de São Paulo durante o ano de 2014, em atividades de formação continuada em grupo colaborativo. A vertente da colaboração foi escolhida por permitir reflexões sobre a prática, troca de experiências e atividades voltadas às reais necessidades dos professores participantes. Foram 16 encontros, dos quais 6 foram selecionados para a análise. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de gravações em áudio e vídeo dos encontros, questionários e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A partir de um levantamento prévio para identificar possíveis dificuldade conceituais dos professores e, considerando o interesse destes, as discussões do grupo voltaram-se aos conteúdos de eletroquímica, equilíbrio químico e cinética química, apontados como sendo de maior dificuldade. Assim, fazendo uso da técnica da análise de conteúdo, foram elaboradas categorias de nível de compreensão conceitual e estas foram relacionadas às práticas de ensino desenvolvidas pelos professores. Foram analisadas, ainda, as interações manifestadas pelos professores, com o intuito de identificar possível superação das necessidades formativas. Por fim, foram identificadas as percepções dos professores sobre seu desenvolvimento ao participar dos encontros do grupo. Os resultados indicaram que grande parte dos professores apresentou dificuldades conceituais relacionadas aos conteúdos discutidos: em eletroquímica e equilíbrio químico, 73% das respostas estavam relacionadas a níveis de compreensão conceitual insatisfatórios e, em cinética química, o nível de compreensão conceitual adequado foi manifestado apenas uma vez, correspondendo a 2%. Como consequência, a maioria dos professores relatou não tratar os conteúdos que apresentam dificuldades ou, quando os tratam, não o fazem na profundidade requerida nos documentos oficiais. Por outro lado, durante as discussões do grupo colaborativo, foi possível perceber indícios de construção colaborativa do conhecimento, com superação das necessidades formativas relacionadas ao conhecimento conceitual e às práticas de ensino. / There is a set of formative needs that, when overcome, guarantee to teacher subsidies to perform teaching with quality. Knowing the subject matter to be teach is one of them, since the domain of scientific contents related to the involvement of teachers in innovative activities, avoiding the mechanical transmission of the contents. However, do teachers have an understanding of scientific contents recommended in the Chemistry curriculum of the State of São Paulo that provides them confidence to teach? Does it influence in their decisions considering teaching strategies? Does conceptual broaden and deepening can help teachers understand curriculum and classroom practices? Such questions guided a research with twelve Chemistry teachers from the metropolitan area of São Paulo. Those teachers gather in a collaborative group, fortnightly, at the Chemistry Institute at University of São Paulo, in 2014. The collaboration aspect was chosen because it allows reflections on teaching practice, exchange experiences and develop activities focused on the real needs of participating teachers. For this research, it is analyzed six of the sixteen meetings. Data collection are meetings recorders, questionnaires, and semi structured interviews. A previous analysis of possible teachers\' difficulties in understanding, and teachers selected the chemical concepts of electrochemistry, chemical equilibrium, and kinetic chemistry. Data was analyzed by content analyses and conceptual comprehension levels were elaborated related to teaching practices elaborated by participants. It was also analyzed teachers interactions aiming identify possible overcoming of formative needs. Finally, teachers\' perceptions about their development were identified by participants in the meetings. Results indicated most of teachers presented difficulties in understanding electrochemistry and chemical equilibrium, 73% of answers were related to unsatisfactory level of conceptual comprehension, and kinetic chemistry, adequacy level of conceptual comprehension was showed only once, corresponding 2%. Therefore, the majority of teachers declared not teaching those chemical concepts during classes, or when they teach, they do in a superficial way. On the other hand, analyzing data collected during group discussions, it was identified some evidence of a collective knowledge construction, overcoming some formative needs related to conceptual knowledge and teaching practices.

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