The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine the perceptions of co-teachers concerning their professional development needs for co-teaching and to determine the level of training they received to prepare them for co-teaching. Sixty-one co-teachers (general education teachers: n=36, 59%; special education teachers: n=25, 41%) in the state of Kentucky completed the Professional Development for Co-teaching Survey for Teachers (PDCST). Survey data demonstrated mean ratings for 14 content-related items ranging from 5.57 to 7.31 indicating teachers generally perceived all were important to their professional development. The items identified as the most critical content were: co-teaching strategies that allow both co-teachers to play active instructional roles, strategies for sharing roles and responsibilities among co-teachers, strategies for building and sustaining co-teaching partnerships, and co-teaching formats. Teachers also identified content area training and planning for co-teaching in open ended queries. Second, co-teachers prioritized content, formats, and follow-up activities for professional development. Top content priorities included strategies for building and sustaining co-teaching partnerships, co-teaching formats, and strategies for sharing roles and responsibilities. Participants identified single day workshops, multiple day workshops, and professional learning communities as their top professional development formats. Top follow-up activities were observing experienced co-teachers, additional professional development, and mentoring from an experienced co-teacher or co-teaching team. Co-teachers validated suggestions on professional development for co-teaching. The items with the highest validation included: train co-teachers prior to co-teaching, train co-teachers with their co-teaching partners, and provide three to five days of preparation for co-teachers. Additionally, the following suggestions were made: include planning time during and after training, provide opportunities for practice and feedback during and after training, and provide opportunities for teachers to observe model co-teaching teams. Lastly, nearly half the co-teachers (n=28, 46.7%) reported receiving no professional development for co-teaching. Sixteen teachers (26.2%) reported between one to six hours of training, while seven (11.5%) reported having between seven to 12 hours. The results may be used to guide professional developers and teacher educators in preparing future and current co-teachers. Additionally, recommendations for training, policy, and future research are provided.

Observamos que um dos maiores desafios da sociedade para alcanÃar um modelo de desenvolvimento sustentÃvel à o processo de materializaÃÃo da sustentabilidade, ou seja, a transformaÃÃo do discurso em aÃÃo prÃtica. Nesse processo, encontramos os verdadeiros obstÃculos e surgem as grandes discordÃncias sobre como construir um desenvolvimento racional e sustentÃvel, que possibilite: justiÃa social, sustentabilidade ambiental, viabilidade econÃmica, democracia participativa, Ãtica comportamental e solidariedade. O presente trabalho tem como objetivos estimular e analisar o trabalho em grupos de forma participativa com projetos educacionais que envolvam o cotidiano do aluno e a comunidade escolar. Com a perspectiva de identificar as percepÃÃes dos alunos antes da aplicaÃÃo do projeto e posteriormente a realizaÃÃo do mesmo. AlÃm de produzirmos um produto na forma de um blog educativo, com sugestÃes e estratÃgias didÃticas para o trabalho com este tema juntamente com as produÃÃes desenvolvidas pelos alunos. A pesquisa foi realizada com quarenta alunos da 2 sÃrie do ensino mÃdio de uma escola pÃblica no municÃpio de Aquiraz. Observamos durante a resoluÃÃo das questÃes que muitos alunos demonstraram reconhecer os itens contidos sobre o assunto, porÃm demonstraram um pouco de inseguranÃa para discuti-los. Na anÃlise das respostas obtidas nos questionÃrios e das atividades educativas diversificadas. Foi realizada a estruturaÃÃo dos grÃficos a partir desses resultados e encontramos dados bem relevantes do ponto de vista da pesquisa tanto no prÃ-teste quanto no pÃs-teste, alÃm de que foi muito evidente um maior dinamismo e envolvimento por parte dos alunos nas atividades educativas diversificadas. ConcluÃmos que os alunos conhecem a problemÃtica da degradaÃÃo do manguezal na comunidade apesar de nÃo haver um projeto educativo na escola ou aÃÃo pÃblica que enfatize esse contexto. / We observed that one of the major challenges societies to achieve a model of sustainable development is the process of materialization of sustainability, is the transformation of speech into practical action. In the process, we find the real obstacles and emerge the big disagreements about how to build a sustainable and sound development, which enables: social justice, environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, participatory democracy, behavioral ethics and solidarity. This paper aims to stimulate group work in a participatory manner with educational projects that involve the daily life of the student and the school community. With the prospect of identifying the perceptions of students before the application of the design and subsequent to completion of the same. In addition to produce a product in the form of an educational blog, with tips and teaching strategies for working with this theme along with the productions performed by students. The research was conducted with forty students of the 2nd year of high school at a public school in Aquiraz. Observed during the resolution of the issues that many students demonstrated recognize the items contained on the subject, but showed a bit of insecurity to discuss them. In analyzing the responses from the questionnaire and diverse educational activities. Structuring of charts was performed from these results and find good relevant data from the point of view of research both in the pre-test and post-test, and that was very apparent greater dynamism and involvement by students in educational activities diversified. We conclude that students know the problem of degradation of mangrove community despite not having an education project in school or public action that emphasizes this context.

<p> A student’s education should be reflective of the innovative and progressive nature of the professional world. While innovation was previously viewed as an economic driver or technological concept in the 20th century, modern times have innovation permeating into all branches of society, intending to seek and develop new knowledge and ideas across any academic and professional disciplines. With this inclusion of innovation in all aspects of society, students should be provided educational opportunities to develop innovation capabilities, skills, and mindsets that can better prepare them for the professional world as well as for making both societal and personal impact. Innovation-focused education has been positioned to aid in 1) developing social responsibility in students, 2) fostering innovative behaviors that can benefit the organizations in which students become part of in their future, 3) empowering students to pursue their own personal ventures, and 4) enhancing the economy of a nation. And, using a transdisciplinary approach to teaching innovation, can be one approach to bridge, or even break down, the silos that exist within modern higher education—creating a more authentic community of practice to nourish student learning and their innovative ideas. Researchers have found that innovation capabilities are not typically a by-product of traditional comprehensive education and without specific curriculum to cultivate innovation practices among students across majors, many may be missing out on valuable knowledge and skillsets. Addressing this concern, an undergraduate model at Purdue University has been developed to provide students with the time, resources, and opportunities to enhance their innovation capabilities through co-teaching and co-learning from faculty and students from differing academic units/colleges. This model brings together the disciplinary lenses from three different colleges, including engineering technology, business management, and liberal arts. Engaging students in a transdisciplinary, authentic learning experience across these academic units can allow them to form a community of practice by working on innovation projects over multiple semesters within an engaged network of faculty, peers, and mentors from a variety of disciplines. However, as this model is implemented there is a need to better understand how this collaborative approach to teaching innovation influences undergraduate learning. Therefore, this study 1) examined student perceptions of this innovation education model related to its co-teaching and co-learning pedagogical approach as well as 2) analyzed the influence of this model on student innovation skills (i.e., <em>integrative learning</em>, <em>teamwork</em>, and <em>problem solving</em>). To do so, data was collected from Likert-style prompts and open-ended survey responses and semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic coding and a non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results of this analysis revealed 1) working in teams is a necessary evil for many students, 2) cross-college collaboration enhances brainstorming and ideation in general, 3) a collaborative, transdisciplinary setting for learning allows for the application of prior knowledge, and 4) multiple instructors allowed for a greater range of feedback throughout the design process, among other findings in regard to student perceptions of the collaborative teaching and learning model. In addition, the results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in the students’ perceptions of their innovation capabilities related to all sub-constructs of both <em>integrative learning</em> and <em>problem solving</em>, while students’ perceptions of their abilities relating to <em>teamwork</em> were less consistent. Leveraging these results, discussions around best ways to implement a similar model of teaching in other contexts, the benefits students identified from working collaboratively with individuals outside of their academic unit, and optimal strategies for developing this model have been brought to life. Also, aligning to the data collected in this study, recommendations for educational practice, such as consistency between instructors, alternative strategies for using a similar model in a different time-span, and students identified issues and potential solutions have been provided as well as continued needs for future research. All of this information is positioned to help inform future innovation education research, identifying benefits and drawbacks of the collaborative form of teaching and learning, and analyzing students’ self-perceptions of the skills they developed. Hopefully, this information will be valuable as more institutions look toward transforming teaching and learning practices to provide more engaging, cross-college models that enhance the value of the learning experiences they provide to students on their campuses.  </p>

In 2009, the National Academy of Sciences called for a dynamic approach to teaching and learning in colleges of agriculture. In response, innovative faculty at colleges and universities are implementing new frameworks for undergraduate education in the agricultural sciences. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to explore the experience of faculty teaching and learning in sustainable agriculture education curricula at a land grant university. A qualitative research methodology employing a case study approach was utilized. Methods of data collection included semi-structured interviews, participant/observer field notes, and secondary data analysis. This study contributed to understanding faculty work as learning by illustrating the triad approach to teaching and learning in the Civic Agriculture and Food Sytems (CAFS) minor comprising core areas of experiential learning, interdisciplinary teaching and learning, and community engagement. This triad approach to teaching and learning brings together a framework for understanding faculty work as a social practice and the inherent learning that occurs. CAFS faculty upheld the land-grant mission of their institution by promoting community engagement, experiential learning, and interdisciplinary collaboration toward teaching and scholarship. CAFS faculty learned from interactions with other faculty outside and within their disciplinary and departmental homes, which enhanced their teaching/learning experience. Collaborative work was described as a practice where faculty from different disciplinary perspectives and cultural practices engage in a collaborative teaching model that communicates value for resources to administrative leadership and clarifies navigation of faculty reward structures. Additionally, these faculty members were able to participate in an emerging pedagogical practice where service-learning and community partners were embedded in the curriculum, which legitimized the role of the community partner as educator. The findings from this research are expected to be useful for implementation in other sustainable agriculture education programs at other universities. This study may also serve as a catalyst for the adoption of collaborative and interdisciplinary teaching in colleges of agriculture. The implications of this research can inform an assessment methodology for agriculture education programs, as well as to create a framework whereby the essential tenets of the sustainable agriculture education movement in higher education can be promulgated in different disciplines. / Ph. D.

This research is underpinned by a conceptual framework which is based upon the theory that the principal should share leadership responsibilities with educators to inspire commitment in creating a quality learning environment. The research investigates the role of the principal in creating a quality learning environment to improve school performance and the achievement of its learners. The research considered complexities surrounding educational reforms which require a collaborative approach wherein the principal invites educators to participate in a discussion on how instructional activities should be conducted in a school. When principals who are instructional leaders accept their instructional role and exercise it in collaboration with educators, they practice an integrated form of leadership. This report is relevant in the South African context because the situation in South Africa is made critical by the introduction of a new curriculum framework which requires an approach which will emphasise the principal’s interactive role with educators in the central area of curriculum, instruction and assessment. Shared instructional leadership is an inclusive concept, compatible with competent and empowered educators. Educators assume leadership responsibility when they interact with other adults in the school community around school reform efforts, encourage others to improve their professional practice, or learn together with their school colleagues (Moller & Katzenmeyer, 1996). iii A qualitative methodology was used which involved a secondary school in Gauteng.This case study was undertaken to establish the principal’s and educators’ perception of the role of the principal as an instructional leader. Although limited in its scope, the research revealed valuable information which identified contextual factors such as socio-economic, organizational climate and educator commitment which concluded that these are factors which play a significant role in creating a quality learning environment. What is needed in South Africa for a quality education to take place is an inclusive approach to leadership to promote a school climate supportive of teaching and learning. Instructional leadershipis shared, therefore, in that specific leadership functions are carried out by designated staff members working in collaboration, under the guidance and direction of the principal.

Esse trabalho apresenta uma experiência com o Ensino Colaborativo (EC) no Programa de Educação de Jovens e Adultos em uma escola da rede municipal de ensino do Rio de Janeiro. Ele visa dar ferramentas ao docente que possibilitem o uso do Ensino Colaborativo, além de explicar e estruturar o uso dessa prática colaborativa no ensino de matemática. O trabalho mostra também um estudo comparativo entre duas turmas do Ensino de Jovens e Adultos de um colégio do munícipio do Rio de Janeiro, na qual o EC foi utilizado em apenas uma delas, e esse estudo, visa caracterizar as diferenças entre o EC e o ensino tradicional. O fato de ter desenvolvido esse estudo do EC no Ensino de Jovens e Adultos se deu pelo fato de ser uma modalidade de ensino cujo público, historicamente, apresenta algumas dificuldades no processo de aprendizagem e também por se tratar de uma modalidade de ensino na qual a diversidade de experiências se torna um diferencial para o desenvolvimento da prática colaborativa. As atividades propostas visam criar um ambiente propício para que a interação entre os alunos e entre professor e aluno(s) ocorra. Cada estudante deve ser capaz de confrontar ideias, dividir conhecimentos e desenvolver ou adquirir habilidades, ou seja, cada um deve buscar o seu desenvolvimento e também o de todos que estão a sua volta. Ao aliar a prática colaborativa com o ensino de funções, foi possível introduzir o conceito básico de função e mostrar aos discentes as diferentes formas de representar uma função e de que maneira o conceito de função está ligado a diversas áreas do conhecimento. Espera-se que com esse trabalho qualquer pessoa que deseje utilizar o Ensino Colaborativo, sinta-se encorajado e embasado para desenvolver tópicos do programa de Matemática utilizando essa prática pedagógica. É importante destacar que todas as estruturações sugeridas podem e devem ser adaptadas a cada realidade e às suas peculiaridades, pois além de ser uma prática que visa melhorar o processo de ensino aprendizagem, o EC pode ser usado como uma ferramenta de análise que permite a todos os indivíduos participantes ter um melhor entendimento da sociedade na qual estão inseridos / This study presents an experience on Collaborative Teaching (CT) on the Youth and Adult Educational Program. It offers the teacher tools that enable the use of Collaborative Teaching, besides explaining and structuring the use of this collaborative practice on teaching mathematics. The work also shows a comparative study between two groups of Youth and Adult Educational Program of the city of Rio de Janeiro, in which only one the CT has been used. This study intends to make a difference between collaborative teaching the traditional one. The reason of having developed this study on Youth and Adult Educational Program was due to the fact that it is a public historically known for presenting problems on the learning process, and also because it is a method of teaching in which the diversity of experiences is a differential to the development of collaborative practice. The proposed activities lead to creating an atmosphere likely to stimulate the interaction among the students and between the teacher and the student(s). Each student should be able to confront ideas, share knowledge and either develop or acquire skills, that is, each one should look forward to his own development and everybody elses too. By allying the collaborative practice to the function teaching, it was possible to introduce the basic concept of this topic, and show the students the different ways of representing it and in what ways its concept is connected to diversified areas of knowledge. With this work, it is expected that anyone becomes willing to use the Collaborative Practice feels encouraged and based to develop the topics of the Mathematics syllabus using this pedagogical practice. It is important to highlight that all the suggested structurings can and should be adapted to each reality and its particularities because, in addition to being a practice that leads to enhancing the teaching-learning process, the CT can be used as an analysis tool to allow all the participants to have a better understanding of the situation they are part of

Submitted by Diogo Misoguti (diogo.misoguti@gmail.com) on 2016-06-21T11:59:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 denise-de-sousa-gomes-llata.pdf: 1179054 bytes, checksum: bb0eff38539719f69bc7c20ce7d3a877 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diogo Misoguti (diogo.misoguti@gmail.com) on 2016-06-21T12:01:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 denise-de-sousa-gomes-llata.pdf: 1179054 bytes, checksum: bb0eff38539719f69bc7c20ce7d3a877 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-21T12:01:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 denise-de-sousa-gomes-llata.pdf: 1179054 bytes, checksum: bb0eff38539719f69bc7c20ce7d3a877 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A presente investigação tem como temática a avaliação da aprendizagem. Entendese a avaliação em uma perspectiva contra-hegemônica de educação (SAVIANI, 2008), com vistas ao diagnóstico (LUCKESI, 2008), mediação (HOFFMANN, 2003) e emancipação (SAUL, 2001). Sendo assim, a pesquisa objetivou analisar as contribuições dos registros da avaliação da aprendizagem para o acompanhamento do aprendizado dos alunos, nas discussões pedagógicas desenvolvidas em momentos de trabalho colaborativo, por compreender-se que os registros avaliativos são instrumentos de sistematização das informações obtidas sobre o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem. Acredita-se que esses registros, diante da relevância das informações que podem apresentar, deveriam ser discutidos em momentos de trabalho coletivo na escola, por meio dos pressupostos da colaboração (IMBÉRNON, 2009). Para tanto, adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, conforme Bogdan e Biklen (1994), realizada por intermédio dos seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: análise documental, questionário e “grupo dialogal” (DOMINGUES, 2006). A análise dos dados foi realizada tendo como referência os fundamentos da “análise de prosa” (ANDRE, 1983), e possibilitou a identificação de que os registros podem auxiliar na especificação das informações obtidas sobre o aprendizado de cada aluno a respeito de determinado conhecimento em desenvolvimento. Para isso, necessitam estar pautados em um processo planejado, preferencialmente partindo de um roteiro de observação e coleta das informações. A análise do processo de ensino e aprendizagem e a redefinição pedagógica serão tão mais específicas e adequadas para o avanço do aprendizado do aluno quanto mais detalhadas e pautadas nos conhecimentos didáticopedagógicos as informações registradas e as práticas docentes estiverem. A avaliação da aprendizagem é um processo de extrema complexidade e abarca diversos conhecimentos do fazer docente, portanto, as concepções de educação, do entendimento de como o aluno aprende determinado conhecimento e de como ele deve ser ensinado, assim como o que se sabe sobre o próprio conteúdo desenvolvido, implicam diretamente nesse processo e, por consequência, na existência, na relevância, na qualidade e na utilização dos registros avaliativos. / This research has the learning evaluation as theme. The evaluation is understandable in a counter-hegemonic educational perspective (SAVIANI, 2008) and aiming at diagnosis (LUCKESI, 2008), mediation (HOFFMANN, 2003) and emancipation (SAUL, 2001). Therefore, the research focused on the analysis of evaluative registers for following-up students’ learning, in the pedagogical discussions developed at collaborative work, by understanding that evaluative registers are instruments of systematization from achieved learning development information. We believe that these registers, considering their relevance, should be discussed on collective work at school, through assumptions of collaboration (IMBÉRNON, 2009). So, a qualitative approach was used, according to Bogdan e Biklen (1994), performed by means of the following methodological procedures: document analysis, survey questionnaire and “dialogic group” (DOMINGUES, 2006). The data analysis was done due to the principles of “prose analysis” (ANDRÉ, 1983) and it enabled the identification that registers can assist in the specification of obtained data about each student learning according to determined knowledge on development. For this purpose, the registers need to be on a planned process, preferably by class observation with a script, and then data collection. The analysis of learning process and the pedagogical redefinition will be more specific and appropriated for student’s learning progress the more detailed and based on teaching-pedagogical knowledge the registered data and the teaching practices will be. The learning evaluation is one process of extreme complexity and it covers much knowledge related to teaching practice. Thus, the conceptions of education, the comprehension of how student learns such knowledge and how this knowledge needs to be taught, as well as what is known about teacher’s own developed content. These conceptions are involved in this process directly and, consequently, in existence, in relevance, in quality and in use of the evaluative registers.

Esse trabalho apresenta uma experiência com o Ensino Colaborativo (EC) no Programa de Educação de Jovens e Adultos em uma escola da rede municipal de ensino do Rio de Janeiro. Ele visa dar ferramentas ao docente que possibilitem o uso do Ensino Colaborativo, além de explicar e estruturar o uso dessa prática colaborativa no ensino de matemática. O trabalho mostra também um estudo comparativo entre duas turmas do Ensino de Jovens e Adultos de um colégio do munícipio do Rio de Janeiro, na qual o EC foi utilizado em apenas uma delas, e esse estudo, visa caracterizar as diferenças entre o EC e o ensino tradicional. O fato de ter desenvolvido esse estudo do EC no Ensino de Jovens e Adultos se deu pelo fato de ser uma modalidade de ensino cujo público, historicamente, apresenta algumas dificuldades no processo de aprendizagem e também por se tratar de uma modalidade de ensino na qual a diversidade de experiências se torna um diferencial para o desenvolvimento da prática colaborativa. As atividades propostas visam criar um ambiente propício para que a interação entre os alunos e entre professor e aluno(s) ocorra. Cada estudante deve ser capaz de confrontar ideias, dividir conhecimentos e desenvolver ou adquirir habilidades, ou seja, cada um deve buscar o seu desenvolvimento e também o de todos que estão a sua volta. Ao aliar a prática colaborativa com o ensino de funções, foi possível introduzir o conceito básico de função e mostrar aos discentes as diferentes formas de representar uma função e de que maneira o conceito de função está ligado a diversas áreas do conhecimento. Espera-se que com esse trabalho qualquer pessoa que deseje utilizar o Ensino Colaborativo, sinta-se encorajado e embasado para desenvolver tópicos do programa de Matemática utilizando essa prática pedagógica. É importante destacar que todas as estruturações sugeridas podem e devem ser adaptadas a cada realidade e às suas peculiaridades, pois além de ser uma prática que visa melhorar o processo de ensino aprendizagem, o EC pode ser usado como uma ferramenta de análise que permite a todos os indivíduos participantes ter um melhor entendimento da sociedade na qual estão inseridos / This study presents an experience on Collaborative Teaching (CT) on the Youth and Adult Educational Program. It offers the teacher tools that enable the use of Collaborative Teaching, besides explaining and structuring the use of this collaborative practice on teaching mathematics. The work also shows a comparative study between two groups of Youth and Adult Educational Program of the city of Rio de Janeiro, in which only one the CT has been used. This study intends to make a difference between collaborative teaching the traditional one. The reason of having developed this study on Youth and Adult Educational Program was due to the fact that it is a public historically known for presenting problems on the learning process, and also because it is a method of teaching in which the diversity of experiences is a differential to the development of collaborative practice. The proposed activities lead to creating an atmosphere likely to stimulate the interaction among the students and between the teacher and the student(s). Each student should be able to confront ideas, share knowledge and either develop or acquire skills, that is, each one should look forward to his own development and everybody elses too. By allying the collaborative practice to the function teaching, it was possible to introduce the basic concept of this topic, and show the students the different ways of representing it and in what ways its concept is connected to diversified areas of knowledge. With this work, it is expected that anyone becomes willing to use the Collaborative Practice feels encouraged and based to develop the topics of the Mathematics syllabus using this pedagogical practice. It is important to highlight that all the suggested structurings can and should be adapted to each reality and its particularities because, in addition to being a practice that leads to enhancing the teaching-learning process, the CT can be used as an analysis tool to allow all the participants to have a better understanding of the situation they are part of

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No. of bitstreams: 1 moscardini_sf_dr_arafcl.pdf: 6144498 bytes, checksum: 42a14cf3fa577adc2f346ff8d62694b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Assumindo a relevância que as discussões que permitam a estruturação de práticas sociais e educacionais que, de fato, afiancem a inclusão na escola e na sociedade daqueles sujeitos aceitos como público alvo da educação especial, sobremaneira dos que apresentam indicativos de deficiência intelectual, possuem para a sistematização de políticas públicas equitativas, o estudo que aqui se delineia analisa como são estruturadas as práticas das professoras da sala regular que possuem em sua classe alunos com indicativo de deficiência intelectual e das professoras especialistas, mais especificamente, daquelas docentes responsáveis pelas Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais nas quais essas crianças são atendidas, buscando compreender os motivos que sustentam o distanciamento existente entre essas profissionais que inviabilizam a implementação de uma prática de ensino colaborativa e as consequências que essa situação impõe para a aprendizagem escolar das crianças com deficiência intelectual. Para além disso, a presente investigação objetiva a-) avaliar se a prática das professoras especialistas e de suas colegas regentes do ensino regular se encontram em concordância com a legislação educacional brasileira que defende a estruturação de um movimento de inclusão baseado na cooperação entre todos os atores inseridos nesse processo; b-) compreender as diferenças e semelhanças existentes entre o trabalho desenvolvido na sala regular e as dinâmicas implementadas no AEE com o aluno com deficiência intelectual; c-) observar se entre as professoras especializadas e as docentes generalistas existe a preocupação com a manutenção de práticas de ensino colaborativas; d-) averiguar se as propostas de ensino implementadas junto as crianças com deficiência intelectual se mostram capazes de proporcionar o seu desenvolvimento acadêmico. Essa investigação de caráter qualitativo possui como base teórica os escritos de Lev Semiónovich Vigotski, se apoiando na legislação que regulamenta a modalidade de AEE pesquisada, devendo ser aceita como um estudo de caso de orientação descritiva. Nesse sentido, foram selecionados cinco alunos que apresentavam indício de deficiência intelectual e que se encontravam matriculados em escolas públicas municipais localizadas em uma cidade do interior paulista. A indicação dessas crianças se deu pelas professoras do AEE, tomando como base os seguintes critérios: a participação desses alunos no Atendimento Educacional Especializado e a inserção desses indivíduos em salas comuns do 1° ao 4° ano do primeiro ciclo do ensino fundamental. Essas crianças foram acompanhadas durante todo o ano letivo de 2014, sendo observadas tanto nos momentos que frequentavam o ensino regular, quanto nas suas sessões do Atendimento Educacional Especializado. A coleta de dados se valeu da observação, sendo que todas as informações recolhidas foram organizadas em um diário de campo. O exame dos dados coletados se norteou pela proposta de análise de conteúdo de Laurence Bardin, organizando essas informações em categorias que foram pensadas a partir dos objetivos propostos e tomando como base o referencial teórico que orientou a realização dessa investigação. Os resultados encontrados sublinham a existência de práticas de ensino nas quais o AEE se orienta pelo trabalho com o conteúdo acadêmico, sendo assumido como principal responsável pelo ensino das crianças público alvo da educação especial. A professora da sala regular não se ocupa de oferecer o auxílio necessário para que o aluno possa experienciar seu desenvolvimento escolar, enquanto a docente especialista norteia a sua prática pelas habilidades que devem ser estruturadas nos educandos para que façam frente as urgências do ensino regular, convertendo o AEE em um tipo de reforço escolar. Concluí-se que existe uma distância entre os preceitos contidos nos documentos oficiais e a maneira como o processo inclusivo é organizado no cotidiano escolar, haja vista que entre os professores especialistas e seus colegas do ensino regular não se fazem presentes propostas de trabalho colaborativas, o que acaba por impor dificuldades para a manutenção de práticas de ensino complementares que possam contribuir para a aprendizagem dos alunos com deficiência intelectual. / Assuming the relevance of discussions about structuring social and educational practices – that indeed secure school and social inclusion of individuals who receive special education, especially those with intellectual disabilities – have for the systematization of equitable public policies, this study analyzes how the practices of regular class teachers (who have students with indicatives of intellectual disabilities) and specialist teachers (more specifically those who are responsible for Multifunction Resource Rooms) are structured. We seek to understand the reasons that support the gap between these professionals, that prevent the implementation of a collaborative teaching practice and the consequences that this situation imposes at the school education of children with intellectual disabilities. Furthermore, the investigation aims at a-) assessing whether the specialist teachers’ and regular teachers practices agree with the Brazilian educational legislation (that supports the structuration of an inclusion movement based on the cooperation amongst all actors in the process; b-) understanding the differences and similarities between the work developed in regular classroom and the dynamics implemented in SES with the intellectually disabled students; c-) observing whether there is concern with maintaining collaborative teaching practices amongst specialist teachers and regular teachers; d-) ascertaining whether educational proposals implemented with intellectually disabled children are capable of providing academic development. This qualitative research has the writings of Lev Semiónovich Vigotski as its theoretical basis, relying on the legislation that regulates the researched SES modality – thus accepted as a case study of descriptive orientation. In this sense, we selected five students who presented indications of intellectual disability, and were enrolled in municipal public schools from a city in the state of São Paulo. These children were indicated by the SES teachers, according to the following criteria: the students’ participation in the Special Education Service and their insertion in common classrooms of 1st to 4th grades of elementary school. These children were followed throughout the school year 2014, observed both while attending regular school, as well as while attending Special Education Service sessions. Data collection was made during observation, and all gathered information was organized in a field diary. The examination of collected data was guided by pela Laurence Bardin’s content analysis proposal, organizing the information in categories that were designed from the proposed objectives, based on the theoretical framework that guided the realization of this investigation. The results underline the existence of teaching practices in which SES is oriented by academic studies, assumed as the main responsible for the education of children in special education. The regular room teacher is not concerned with offering the necessary help for the student to experience their school development, whilst the specialist teacher guides their practice through the skills that should be structured for the children, so they meet the regular education. This converts SES in a kind of school support. We concluded that there is a distance between the precepts contained in official documents and the inclusive process organization in the school routine – given that there are no present collaborative work proposals among specialist and regular teachers. This imposes ultimately difficulties for maintaining complementary teaching practices that contribute to the learning of students with intellectual disabilities.

Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW) / Global and national standards for social work training have for a very long time required that institutions of higher learning include a theoretical as well as a practical component into the social work programme. The integration of theory and practice is purposefully aimed at enhancing the student's competency and skills (SAQA, 2003:9). The introduction of Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) in South Africa (Government Gazette No. 19640, 1998) has confirmed the need for addressing challenges relating to integration of theory and practice. Assessments of social work fieldwork competence at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) indicate that the majority of the students in the third year of study struggle to integrate theory and practice resulting in low level competence in Intermediate Fieldwork Education (University of the Western Cape Quality assurance report: Intermediate Fieldwork, 2007). In addition to the aforementioned, student reports indicate that there is a perception that the classroom learning, the supervision and fieldwork practice often are not sufficient to facilitate the integration of theory and practice. The lack of integration of theory and practice results in students not achieving the expected learning outcomes. This is an urgent concern in social work education and it seems most appropriate to learn from the people who are closely affected by and involved in this issue. The focus of the study was thus on the challenges experienced by social work students, their lecturers and fieldwork supervisors at UWC regarding the integration of theory and practice at intermediate level in the context of OBE. Hence I used a qualitative approach as I wanted to study the challenges of theory and practice integration from an insiders' perspective. This is appropriate when the goal of research is to describe and understand a social issue. For this reason I selected an exploratory-descriptive research design and an instrumental research strategy to study the issue of theory and practice integration in the selected programme. The population of the study was third year social work students at UWC and also a selected group of third year social 'work students from the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU), social work lecturers from UWC and field supervisors form agencies in the Western Cape where social work students are placed. Purposive sampling were utilized to select sixteen third year social work students from UWC, seven NMMU students, sixteen field supervisors and eight lecturers from UWC. Data were collected by means of individual interviews as well as focus group sessions from students and field supervisors and by means of written responses to an open -ended guide from lecturers. Data were analyzed by means of thematic, content analysis. Relevant literature findings on constructivism, cooperative learning and social work teaching and learning in particular were compared to the findings of the case study exploration. Literature pertaining to social work teaching and learning in the context of ELOs is limited and therefore further justifies the need for this research. The findings indicated that participants in this study experienced challenges with regard to theory and practice integration on various levels and to different extents. They attribute these challenges to a variety of factors relating to the construction of knowledge in the classroom and in the fieldwork setting as well as personal challenges experienced by students. Hence I made various recommendations with regard to collaborative teaching and learning strategies within the classroom and fieldwork setting as well recommendations based on the conclusions of findings relating to students' personal challenges.