FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as condiÃÃes de sustentabilidade urbana nos espaÃos comuns em conjuntos habitacionais de interesse social (CHIS) localizados em Fortaleza-CE, atravÃs da anÃlise dos seus projetos de inserÃÃo urbana e implantaÃÃo. Os espaÃos comuns em CHIS correspondem aos espaÃos pÃblicos e semipÃblicos onde sÃo praticadas aÃÃes de convÃvio social, concentrando atividades e equipamentos de uso comum dos moradores. Segundo estudos, estes lugares sÃo fundamentais para promover a sustentabilidade urbana, atravÃs do fortalecimento de vÃnculos entre moradores e da integraÃÃo do conjunto com o restante da cidade, ao promover benefÃcios sociais. Em seus procedimentos metodolÃgicos, a pesquisa teve inÃcio com a revisÃo bibliogrÃfica em torno do uso dos espaÃos comuns em CHIS, assim como a inserÃÃo urbana e as condiÃÃes de implantaÃÃo. TambÃm foram abordadas as dimensÃes de desempenho estabelecidas por Lynch (2007) no livro \"A boa forma da cidade\", como a vitalidade, o sentido, a adequaÃÃo, o acesso e o controle, atuando como parÃmetro para a definiÃÃo de indÃcios de sustentabilidade em CHIS. A segunda etapa correspondeu à delimitaÃÃo do universo, utilizando como amostra quatorze CHIS produzidos pela FundaÃÃo de Desenvolvimento Habitacional de Fortaleza (Habitafor) para reassentamento de populaÃÃo de Ãreas de risco. Os elementos dos espaÃos comuns desses conjuntos foram levantados, organizados e caracterizados atravÃs da anÃlise documental dos projetos. Desta forma, foi possÃvel realizar a terceira etapa da pesquisa, que envolveu a anÃlise comparativa dos conjuntos, segundo os indÃcios de sustentabilidade levantados na revisÃo da literatura. A anÃlise permitiu a classificaÃÃo dos CHIS em quatro categorias: alta sustentabilidade, mÃdia sustentabilidade, baixa sustentabilidade e insustentabilidade, estimulando o cumprimento dos objetivos. Em suma, este trabalho pretende contribuir com a elaboraÃÃo de projetos urbanÃsticos de CHIS nos quais seus espaÃos comuns sejam elementos viabilizadores de sustentabilidade. / This study aims to evaluate the conditions of sustainability in urban spaces located in low income housing complexes from Fortaleza, Brazil. The analysis was done through these urban projects, by design documents. Collective spaces in low income housing complexes are public and semi-public places where residents practice social interaction. According studies, collective spaces are essential to promote urban sustainability because they stimulate social benefits. This research comprises three steps: First, a literature review about collective spaces in low income housing complexes, considering the urban insertion and the complex implantation, with emphasis on the five performance dimensions established by Lynch (2007) in his book "Good city form": vitality, sense, fit, access and control. These criteria were considered a parameter of sustainability in low income housing complexes. On the second step, were chosen fourteen housing complexes produced by the Housing Development Foundation from Fortaleza, known as "Habitafor". The elements of the collective spaces from these housing complexes were collected, organized and characterized through the analysis of their design documents. The third stepinvolved a comparative analysis of these collective spaces, considering their sustainability according Lynch's performance dimensions. The analysis rated the fourteen housing complexes in four categories: high sustainability, average sustainability, low sustainability and unsustainability, achieving the goal. Thus, this work aims to contribute for design process of urban projects which seek the sustai nability of collective spaces.

As part of a USAID-funded integrated pest management (IPM) project, this thesis presents research conducted across four communities in midwestern Nepal We conducted semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observation with local farmers and NGOs. Grounded in feminist political ecology (FPE) and drawing on the social relations approach (SRA), we sought to engage with the feminization of agriculture narrative and understand how it interacts with IPM practices and decision-making. This research responds to a growing interest within development in the feminization of agriculture as a potentially empowering or disempowering global process of change, conceptualized through the ways that male out-migration affects the labor and decision-making roles of women and other household members left behind on the farm. We find that contextual factors change the implications of the feminization of agriculture narrative. Co-residence with in-laws and varied migration patterns influence the dynamic nature of household structure and headship. Migration patterns have pushed women to take on new agricultural duties and manage increasing household labor responsibilities. Additionally, IPM vegetable cultivation is changing how farmers use and value their land through increasing crop diversification. Agricultural decision-making processes related to these different forces extend beyond the household, and participation in community spaces through the IPM project may contest traditional gender norms. We contend that the heterogeneity of household power dynamics muddies the potentially empowering or disempowering effects of the feminization of agriculture, and we emphasize the importance of community spaces as a locus of decision-making in the sustainability of new agricultural technologies. / M. S. / This research aims to understand how gender affects and is affected by new agricultural practices in rural Nepal. Several changes are occurring across Nepal; these changes include men migrating for work at increasing rates, as well as farmers growing different crops in new ways. This study is specifically concerned with integrated pest management (IPM) practices, whereby farmers manage pests on their farm while minimizing the use of chemical pesticides. These IPM practices are developed through partnerships between university scientists and in-country organizations under the USAID-funded Feed the Future IPM Innovation Lab. As men look for work outside of their home communities and agricultural production diversifies, gender norms and expectations of migrant-sending communities influence how both men and women farmers participate in learning and practicing IPM across different seasons. Through interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observation, we contend that women in migrant-sending communities are taking on new labor roles on the farm, depending on if they reside with their mother-in-law and father-in-law. Furthermore, decisions about agricultural production and IPM are made within farmer cooperative meetings and social spaces between men and women members, contesting traditional gender norms that previously limited interactions between men and women in public gatherings. These findings help support the sustainability of projects within the IPM Innovation Lab, as well as highlight the importance of community, social spaces as places of decision-making and changing gender norms beyond the household. We emphasize the need to carefully assess social and cultural implications of development interventions within the geographic context and incorporate this specificity into project and research design.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T14:49:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 14730236 bytes, checksum: 2ccdda99142dce312e725c851419b343 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The cities as they grow, has been closed between new walls, leading to worsening of issues the streets and occupation of urban space, the privatization of public spaces, the neighborhood relationship mandatory, the allusion of greater security and status. With this, the public spaces of the contemporary city are marked by selective appropriation and differentiated spaces that should be accessible to everyone. The gated alters the relationship between public and private from the privatization of public spaces. In the southern city of João Pessoa, only in the neighborhood of the Sun Portal, has today closed with seven condominiums, each with its large leisure areas. How cities can generate a variety of uses with an extension of breakaway walls for those who owe more purchasing power? The objective of this research is to analyze the areas of collective use of closed condominiums: Cabo Branco Residence Prive, Puerta del Sol and Orchid Grove, the morphology and sociospatial organization, noting planning rules, forms, uses and user behaviors . The methodology of this research is structured using as reference base: Lynch (1997), Kohlsdorf (2005) and Gehl (2006). Despite the formal and functional similarities visible in these collective spaces, there are fundamental differences in the spatial practices of its users. Know them in order to understand the dynamics and performance of these spaces and the social logic of segregation and production part of contemporary culture. / As cidades à medida que crescem, tem se fechado entre novos muros, levando ao agravamento das questões relativas as ruas e ocupação do espaço urbano, a privatização de espaços públicos, a relação de vizinhança obrigatória, a alusão de uma maior segurança e status. Com isso, os espaços públicos da cidade contemporânea são marcados pela apropriação seletiva e diferenciada dos espaços que deveriam ser acessíveis a todos. O condomínio fechado altera a relação entre público e privado a partir da privatização de espaços públicos. Na zona sul da cidade de João Pessoa, somente no Bairro Portal do Sol, conta-se hoje com sete condomínios horizontais fechados, cada um com as suas grandes áreas de lazer. Como as cidades podem gerar uma diversidade de usos com uma extensão de muros separatistas para aquele que deve mais poder aquisitivo? O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as áreas de uso coletivo dos condomínios horizontais fechados: Cabo Branco Residence Prive, Porta do Sol e Bosque das Orquídeas, quanto à morfologia e organização socioespacial, observando as regras de planejamento, as formas, usos e comportamentos dos usuários. A metodologia desta pesquisa será estruturada utilizando como referência base: Lynch (1997), Kohlsdorf (2005) e Gehl (2006). Apesar das semelhanças formais e funcionais visíveis nestes espaços coletivos, existem diferenças fundamentais nas práticas espaciais dos seus usuários. Conhecê-las para poder compreender as dinâmicas e desempenho destes espaços bem como a lógica social de produção da segregação e parte da cultura contemporânea.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-01T11:58:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 14730448 bytes, checksum: b5dee98465af9aaa90be537c88009b11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The cities as they grow, has been closed between new walls, leading to worsening of issues the streets and occupation of urban space, the privatization of public spaces, the neighborhood relationship mandatory, the allusion of greater security and status. With this, the public spaces of the contemporary city are marked by selective appropriation and differentiated spaces that should be accessible to everyone. The gated alters the relationship between public and private from the privatization of public spaces. In the southern city of João Pessoa, only in the neighborhood of the Sun Portal, has today closed with seven condominiums, each with its large leisure areas. How cities can generate a variety of uses with an extension of breakaway walls for those who owe more purchasing power? The objective of this research is to analyze the areas of collective use of closed condominiums: Cabo Branco Residence Prive, Puerta del Sol and Orchid Grove, the morphology and sociospatial organization, noting planning rules, forms, uses and user behaviors . The methodology of this research is structured using as reference base: Lynch (1997), Kohlsdorf (2005) and Gehl (2006). Despite the formal and functional similarities visible in these collective spaces, there are fundamental differences in the spatial practices of its users. Know them in order to understand the dynamics and performance of these spaces and the social logic of segregation and production part of contemporary culture. / As cidades à medida que crescem, tem se fechado entre novos muros, levando ao agravamento das questões relativas as ruas e ocupação do espaço urbano, a privatização de espaços públicos, a relação de vizinhança obrigatória, a alusão de uma maior segurança e status. Com isso, os espaços públicos da cidade contemporânea são marcados pela apropriação seletiva e diferenciada dos espaços que deveriam ser acessíveis a todos. O condomínio fechado altera a relação entre público e privado a partir da privatização de espaços públicos. Na zona sul da cidade de João Pessoa, somente no Bairro Portal do Sol, conta-se hoje com sete condomínios horizontais fechados, cada um com as suas grandes áreas de lazer. Como as cidades podem gerar uma diversidade de usos com uma extensão de muros separatistas para aquele que deve mais poder aquisitivo? O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as áreas de uso coletivo dos condomínios horizontais fechados: Cabo Branco Residence Prive, Porta do Sol e Bosque das Orquídeas, quanto à morfologia e organização socioespacial, observando as regras de planejamento, as formas, usos e comportamentos dos usuários. A metodologia desta pesquisa será estruturada utilizando como referência base: Lynch (1997), Kohlsdorf (2005) e Gehl (2006). Apesar das semelhanças formais e funcionais visíveis nestes espaços coletivos, existem diferenças fundamentais nas práticas espaciais dos seus usuários. Conhecê-las para poder compreender as dinâmicas e desempenho destes espaços bem como a lógica social de produção da segregação e parte da cultura contemporânea.

Esta investigación de tesis llamada Hibrido residencial en San Juan de Lurigancho responde a la gran demanda de vivienda por parte de las familias que conforman el distrito, buscando la calidad espacial dentro del hogar, la importancia de los espacios colectivos como dinamizadores sociales en un conjunto de viviendas o conjunto residencial, la necesidad de integrar en proyectos compuestos por muchas viviendas, equipamientos que los usuarios y el entorno necesiten y demostrar la importancia de la densificación en distritos con entornos consolidados para así poder lograr una ciudad compacta y dejar de usar indiscriminadamente el suelo. / This thesis research called Residential Hybrid in San Juan de Lurigancho, seeks to respond to the great demand for housing by the families that make up the district, without neglecting the spatial quality within the home, the importance of collective spaces as dynamizers social in a group of houses or residential complex, the need to integrate in projects composed of many houses, equipment that users and the environment need and demonstrate the importance of densification in districts with consolidated environments in order to achieve a compact city and leave to use the land indiscriminately. / Tesis

Au milieu des espaces collectifs et publics, les afficheurs cylindriques informent les utilisateurs autour d'eux. Nous questionnons l'utilité et l'utilisabilité de la symétrie dynamique de révolution pour les afficheurs cylindriques à changement de forme. Nous présentons CairnFORM, un prototype d'afficheur cylindrique capable de changer de symétrie de révolution à l'aide d'une pile modulaire d'anneaux extensibles illuminés. Nous montrons que la symétrie de révolution est utilisable pour informer les utilisateurs par physicalisation des données : nous observons avec un CairnFORM à 10 anneaux qu'un histogramme à anneaux physiques est plus efficace pour une tâche d'intervalle et une tâche de comparaison plutôt que pour une tâche d'ordonnancement. Nous montrons que le changement de symétrie de révolution est utilisable pour notifier sans déranger les utilisateurs par interaction périphérique : nous observons avec un CairnFORM à 1 anneau que le changement de diamètre d'un anneau avec une vitesse exponentielle est perçu plus souvent et plus calmement en périphérie de l'attention plutôt qu'avec une vitesse constante ou logarithmique. Nous montrons que les afficheurs cylindriques à symétrie dynamique de révolution offrent une expérience utilisateur sur la durée supérieure aux afficheurs planaires : après deux mois en contexte d'usage sur un lieu de travail, nous observons que CairnFORM est aussi pragmatique mais plus hédonique qu'un écran plat. Nous étudions un cas d'usage pour les afficheurs sur le lieu de travail, c'est-à-dire aider les employés à décaler le chargement de batterie des ordinateurs portables vers les heures de pic de production locale d'énergie renouvelable. / In the middle of public and collective spaces, cylindrical displays inform users around them.We question the utility and the usability of dynamic revolution symmetry for shape-changing cylindrical displays. We present CairnFORM, a prototype of cylindrical display that can change its revolution symmetry using a modular stack of expandable illuminated rings.We show that revolution symmetry is usable for informing users through data physicalization: We observe with a 10-ring CairnFORM that a physical ring chart is more efficient for a range task and for a compare task rather than for an order task. We show that revolution symmetry change is usable for unobtrusively notifying users through peripheral interaction: We observe with a 1-ring CairnFORM that a ring diameter change with exponential speed is perceived more often and calmer in the periphery of attention rather than with a constant speed or a logarithmic speed.We show that cylindrical displays with dynamic revolution symmetry offer a greater user experience over time than planar displays: After two months in context of use in a workplace, we observe that CairnFORM is as pragmatic as a flat screen but more hedonic than a flat screen. We study a use case for displays in the workplace: Helping employees to shift laptop battery charge to peak hours of local renewable energy production.

[ES] Este trabajo de investigación explora y presenta formas contemporáneas del espacio público que han sido denominadas experiencias alternativas emergentes, las cuales cuestionan distintas prácticas de la planeación y gestión urbana convencional, y los conceptos tradicionales que han definido y caracterizado al espacio público como ámbito de estudio urbano. Las experiencias emergentes surgen de manera espontánea con iniciativas participativas, son más cercanas a las realidades de las comunidades y barrios, y generan identidad, apropiación y empoderamiento de la ciudadanía. Se contemplan a partir de varios métodos como el placemakig, el urbanismo táctico y el urbanismo hecho a mano; se desarrollan a partir de las acciones resultantes de procesos participativos; se conciben a partir de medios como el reciclaje urbano y el reciclaje desde la materialidad; e incluyen expresiones provenientes del arte urbano. Se explican en la tesis a partir de diversas posturas teóricas y un amplio ejercicio de casos de estudio de diversas ciudades en el mundo, expuestos en cuatro grupos: los efímeros, los consolidados desde la escala barrial, los estructurados desde el arte y los semilleros. La resignificación del espacio público es la conclusión de este trabajo, desarrollada por nuevos insumos provenientes de estas manifestaciones, abriendo un debate sobre otros caminos de concebir el espacio público, resaltando las características de cohesión, de la prioridad de las actividades por encima de la infraestructura física, de la posibilidad de gestión a través de tácticas y formas efímeras que permiten ser escalones para el mejoramiento, lo fundamental de la participación ciudadana e intermediación de colectivos en las distintas etapas de los proyectos, la pequeña escala de las intervenciones, y la importancia del espacio público como factor de bienestar para las personas como interfaz social y de calidad de vida de las ciudades. / [CA] Este treball d'investigació explora i presenta formes contemporànies de l'espai públic que han sigut denominades experiències alternatives emergents, les quals qüestionen distintes pràctiques de la planeación i gestió urbana convencional, i els conceptes tradicionals que han definit i caracteritzat a l'espai públic com a àmbit d'estudi urbà. Les experiències emergents sorgixen de manera espontània amb iniciatives participatives, són més pròximes a les realitats de les comunitats i barris, i generen identitat, apropiació i apoderament de la ciutadania. Es conceben a partir de diversos mètodes com el placemakig, l'urbanisme tàctic i l'urbanisme fet a mà; es desenrotllen a partir de les accions resultants de processos participatius; es conceben a partir de mitjans com el reciclatge urbà i el reciclatge des de la materialitat; i inclouen expressions provinents de l'art urbà. S'expliquen en la tesi a partir de diverses postures teòriques i un ampli exercici de casos d'estudi de diverses ciutats en el món, exposats en quatre grups: els efímers, els consolidats des de l'escala vaig agranaral, els estructurats des de l'art i els iniciadors. La resignificació de l'espai públic és la conclusió d'este treball, desenrotllada per nous insumos provinents d'estes manifestacions, obrint un debat sobre altres camins de concebre l'espai públic, ressaltant les característiques de cohesió, de prioritat de les activitats per damunt de la infraestructura física, de la possibilitat de gestió a través de tàctiques i formes efímeres que permeten ser escalons per al millorament, el més important de la participació ciutadana i intermediació de col·lectius en les distintes etapes dels projectes, la reduïda escala de les intervencions, i la importància de l'espai públic com a factor de benestar per a les persones com a interfície social i de qualitat de vida de les ciutats. / [EN] This research explores contemporary forms of public space that have been called emerging alternative experiences, which question different practices of conventional urban planning and management, and the traditional concepts about the characterization and definition of public space as a field of urban study. Emerging experiences arise spontaneously with participatory initiatives, are closer to the realities of communities and neighborhoods, and generate identity, ownership and empowerment of citizens. They are conceived from some methods like the placemaking, the tactical urbanism and the handmade urbanism; they have been developed by initiatives and actions of participatory processes; they are conceived through the urban recycling and recycling from materiality; and include expressions from urban art. The thesis explains the alternative experiences based on theoretical positions and a wide exercise of case studies from different cities in the world, exposed in four groups: ephemeral, consolidated from the neighborhood scale, structured from art and initiators. The resignification of public space is the conclusion of this work, developed by new inputs from these manifestations, creating questions about other ways of conceiving public space, the characteristics of cohesion, the priority of activities over physical infrastructure, the possibility of management through tactics and ephemeral forms as a previous steps for improvement, the fundamentals of citizen participation and mediation of organizations in the different moments of the projects, the small scale of the interventions, and the importance of public space as a factor of well-being for people as a social interface and quality of life in cities. / Bueno Carvajal, JM. (2022). La resignificación del espacio público contemporáneo: experiencias alternativas emergentes [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/185056