Color has a large impact on our psychological and physiological responses. This study examines the value of color as a component in a healing environment for pediatric patient rooms by measuring color preferences among healthy children, pediatric patients, and design professionals. Environmental satisfaction is a significant mediator between the physical environment and children’s health. Previous color preference studies have typically been done with small color chips or papers, which are very different from seeing a color applied on wall surfaces. A simulation method allowed for investigating the value of color in real contexts and controlling confounding variables. The findings of this study demonstrated that blue and green are the most preferred, and white the least preferred color, by both children and design professionals. Children’s gender differences were found in that boys prefer red and purple less than girls. Pediatric patients reported lower preference scores for yellow than did healthy children. These findings lead to color application guidelines for designers to understand color more and eventually to create better environments for children and their families.

This study focused on the disciplining actions given to students of color after the implementation of the zero tolerance (ZT) policy in Texas’ schools. Out-of-school suspension and expulsion data were analyzed to depict trends and/or patterns across school levels as well as gender and race/ethnicity. More specifically, the disciplinary action of 34,047 elementary, middle and high school students of color suspended out-of-school and expelled in Texas’ public schools during the1999-2000 and 2002-2003 academic school years were statistically analyzed then evaluated via specific tenets of critical race theory (CRT). A critical policy analysis, as defined by the researcher, was discussed using the results of the data analysis. In addition, the predictive power of the variables school level, gender and race/ethnicity on the disciplinary action given to students of color were analyzed during the school terms under study. The most statistically significant finding of the study was the influence of ethnicity on out-of-school suspension and expulsion rates of students of color in the State of Texas after the implementation of the policy known as ZT during the selected school terms. Furthermore, of the students enrolled in public schools in Texas during the 1999-2000 and 2002-2003 school years, African-American students comprised 14.3 and 14.4 percent of the population; yet, they received more than one-third of all disciplining actions, second to European Americans who comprised 43 and 40 percent of the enrolled population. When compared to other students of color, African-American students received 53.6 and 53.9 percent of the out-of-school suspensions and 64.3 and 65.1 of the expulsions. Even though the data presented were aligned with previous research studies, the view of disciplinary actions for students of color from a critical race theory (CRT) lens highlights the deficiencies outlined via a critical policy analysis of the ZT policy as it is used to fortify the safety of schools.

As variation in pork tenderness has increased, identification of tenderness has become an industry need. This study consisted of 1208 pork loins randomly selected to test the efficacy of four automated grading techniques. Visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VVNIR) (350-1830 nm wavelengths), bioelectrical impedance (EI) (resistance, reactance, phase angle, and partial capacitance), pH, and CIE L*, a* and b* color space values were used to predict chemical moisture and lipid, pH, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), and Slice shear force (SSF) on 13 d aged pork loins. The means and standard deviations for WBSF were (22.95 and 5.16) and SSF were (165.49 and 58.15). Prediction was based on stepwise linear regression and partial least squares regression. VNIR, pH, and color, when in combination, had the highest R^2 (0.19 and 0.21) for the prediction of WBSF and SSF, respectively. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to remove autocorrelation between VNIR values. By using PLSR, with an R ^2 value of 0.49, 100 percent of the "tender" chops were correctly classified, 93 percent of the "intermediate" chops were correctly classified, and 92 percent of the "tough" chops were correctly classified into its category for WBSF. However, SSF was much lower (R^2 = 0.24) with only correctly placing 62 percent of the "tender" chops and only 48 percent of the "intermediate" and "tough" chops. Electrical impedance, alone or in combination with other technologies, either did not improve predictability of linear regression equations (increase R^2) or of PLSR models (increase R^2). Equations and models that included EI values had low R^2. When adding EI to the regression equation involving all variables, R^2 increased slightly from 0.19 to 0.21 in predicting WBSF, and from 0.21 to 0.25 for SSF. When pH or CIE L* color space values were included in linear regression or PLSR models to predict WBSF and SSF, R^2 values increased from 0.14 to 0.19 for WBSF, and 0.14 to 0.21 for SSF. pH played a large role in predicting WBSF and SSF, along with CIE L*. Thus, for an on-line situation, use of VNIR, pH, and color could be used to predict tenderness. Utilization of VNIR alone could be effective in predicting pork tenderness (WBSF). Using EI alone, or in combination with VNIR, would not provide acceptable prediction of WBSF or SSF. Use of VNIR with pH and color would improve the ability to predict tender and intermediate pork WBSF and SSF, but the additional improvement in accuracy may not be warranted based on the cost and additional time needed when using more than one technology.

NPR (Non-Photo-Realistic Rendering) is a new and quick-developed research topic in Image Processing. The main purpose of NPR is to generate pencil sketching¡Bwatercolor and oil painting, something different from photos, automatically by computer algorithms. On the other hand, there is another technique called PR (Photo-Realistic Rendering). The goal of PR is to generate real objects by computer algorithms, such as Matting or Inpainting. Furthermore, NPR includes two modes¡Gone is with physical model, researchers could write programs to simulate NPR by the properties of physical model. Without physical model, researchers could write programs to simulate NPR by their observation and deliberation. This thesis to the latter, there is no physical model in NPR. In the viewpoint of artists, drawing is performance of light and shadow. Then, in scientific, drawing depends on the degree of luminance. Luminance supports artists block and direction when drawing. Moreover, This thesis is mainly simulating oil painting with impressionist.

Currently in Taiwan¡¦s textile-dying industry, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is popularly used as a decolorization oxidant. In order to surely meet the effluent color regulation of 550 ADMI (American Dye Manufactures Institute), excessive dosage of sodium hyperchlorite is commonly used, which results in the increase of residual chloride and the accumulation of toxic chlorinated compound in the environment. This study probes into the characteristics of substitute oxidant for sodium hypochlorite to avoid the production of toxic products. The study includes decolorization efficiency evaluation, economical analysis and feasibility of commercial application. This study adopts ozone as an oxidant and ultraviolet light as the oxidant enhancer for the purpose of preventing the occurrence of secondary pollution products like trihalomethane from the sodium hyperchlorite application. Literature review indicates that there are several studies for reaction mechanisms of oxidation and disinfection of ozone and ultraviolet light for decolorization and the conclusions reveal much promising results. There are three topics in this study, which are: Topic 1: Feasibility study. This study focuses on whether the effluent color concentration of the treatment process meets the color effluent standard or not. A 3.5 L volume reactor was used in this section. Topic 2: Influencing factor analysis. A 14 L volume reactor was adopted for analyzing the influencing factors for decolorization and for comparing the differences in treatment efficiencies between a dye finishing plant effluent and two commercial dyestuff samples. Topic 3: Economic analysis. The analysis focuses on economic comparison between NaOCl and UV/Ozone processes for effluent decolorization. Analysis results of the investment cost, operation/maintenance expense, and investment return duration are presented in this section. A 50 L volume reactor was used to achieve the evaluation for this part. First topic of this study examined some operating parameters for treating effluent from the biological and chemical coagulation units of a dye-finishing wastewater treatment plant using the UV/Ozone technique to meet an effluent regulation of 550 ADMI values could be reduced from approximately 4,000 to 200 ADMI in an hour using the UV/Ozone technique. The results show that higher color removal efficiency could be achieved at pH values around 3 as compared with higher pH values of around 7 and 10. This might be due to the fact that the predominant ozone molecules at lower pH values are more selective to certain chromophore molecules in wastewater, despite the fact that hydroxyl radicals are predominant at higher pH values and have a stronger oxidation capability than ozone. The UV light used in this study emitted from the experimental lamp can excite oxygen and water molecules to produce ozone molecules and hydroxyl radicals that can then increase decolorization rate. The findings of this investigation reveal that the proposed UV/Ozone treatment scheme has potential for development into an environmentally friendly decolorization approach for dye finishing wastewater treatment. The second topic is to investigate the feasibility of applying UV/Ozone techniques to reduce color content caused by two commercial reactive dyes (Orange-13 and Blue-19). Bench experiments were performed using a 14-L reactor. Controlling factors including pH value, dosage of ozone, reaction time, and UV intensity were evaluated to obtain the optimal operating parameters. Results from this study show that the ozone dosage and pH value dominated the effects on the decolorization process. However, UV intensity shows relatively insignificant effects. Results also indicate that the color content could be reduced from 2,000 to 200 ADMI within a reaction time of 30 minutes with a total ozone dosage of 100 mg/L. This study shows that pH values of approximately 3 and 10 favored the decolorization of the studied Dye Blue-19 and Orange-13, respectively. This was due to the effects that molecular ozone and hydroxyl radicals had significant oxidative power at low and high pH, respectively. Moreover, molecular ozone was more selective to certain dye structures during its oxidation process. This also caused the effect that pH value played an important role on color removal. Kinetic analyses show that the decolorization reactions of Dye Orange-13 and Blue-19 followed a first-order decolorization model. Experimental results also indicate that the degree of decolorization was primarily proportional to the ozone dosage. Results from this study provide us an insight into the characteristics and mechanisms of decolorization by UV/ozone technique. Results will also aid in designing a system for field application of dye finishing plants. According to the results from the third topic, for a dye finishing plant of wastewater flow rate of 800CMD (m3/day), the capital cost of equipment and related establishment as well as amendment is about US$ 116,300, and the monthly operation and maintenance cost is US$ 4,030. In this study, ozone was used as a substitute decolorizing oxidant to treat the effluent from the secondary biological and physical/chemical treatment plant. Because the current cost for the decolorization oxidant (NaOCl) is approximately US$ 5,700 per month, the monthly saving, adopting the decolorization system using UZ/Ozone, will be US$ 1,670. The investment return period will be over 7 years and is not attractive to the plant owners. However, to prevent the accumulated toxicity of chloride compounds in the environment and to promote the desires of investment on the advanced decolorization technique, a favorable tax deduction policy needs to be applied.

The acoustic resonance phenomena of metal halide lamps are investigated. A measuring system is set up to examine the effects of the acoustic resonance to the shape of the lamp arc, the lighting energy spectrum, the color temperature, the light output as well as electrical characteristics. Two ballast circuits are built to drive the lamps with the sine-wave current and the square-wave current, respectively. One ballast employs the series resonant inverter to output the sinusoidal lamp current. The other makes use of the full-bridge inverter to drive the lamps with the square-wave current. They are operated over a high-frequency range from 20kHz to 30kHz. For both ballast circuits, the operating frequency and the magnitude of the lamp current can be controlled independently. ¡@¡@The experiments are conducted on the 70-W metal halide lamps. The experimental results show that the spectral energy and the color temperature change more significantly as the acoustic resonance becomes more serious. These effects become less significant when the lamps are driven by the square-wave current. The degree of the acoustic resonance can be identified by detecting the variation of the lamp voltage or the output light. The investigated results of the thesis can provide useful information when a standard of the acoustic resonance is considered.

Along with science and technology gradually make progress, there is no distance between country. WTO world commerce cloggy eliminate, have no frontier's confine to make product and service that almost be obvious everywhere in the world. Under economic liberalization and internationalize affection, make enterprise management no longer confine to one area or single country. Economic globalization impact everywhere in the world. Iron and steel industry can¡¦t also avoid meeting severely impact and change. In 2002, because global economies gradually change better, lead to international steel market demand to grow up quickly. It is fourth season to reach the best. Price appears take on upspring, too. Due to every important manufacturer rob to buy materical each other in the world, appear steel materical demand to exceed supply. At the end of the year 2003, America, European union, mainland China cancel import restriction successively. At the beginning of the year 2004, price of freight, iron ore, coalmine, scrap steel (Steel ingredient) increases largely at the same time. Many countries ensure steel requirement materials at home, so steel importation tariff transfer fall successively. It makes strict confine measure gradually change to loose. Hot Rolled Galvanized Steel Sheet requires mean consumption to grows up 4.4% near five years in the world. Price also rise along with the price of Hot-Rolled Steel Coil is on raise at the same time. Steel market changes quickly like electronic product¡¦s life. Steel industry face structure change and reform management. In the world, all steel industry is toward competition and cooperative style. Industry internationalize brings manufacture and sales mode's changed. Industry protection policy already do not exist. With environment changed quickly, enterprise do the best increase management performance. It just be able to abidingly run and develop. The study chiefly use questionaire as interview style to get information and organize theoretical document to review and research. Let us know Hot Rolled Galvanized Steel Sheet and Prepainted Hot-Dip Zinc Coated Steel Sheet company how to develop in the world now. It is as Yiehphui company for example, explore Hot Rolled Galvanized Steel Sheet and Prepainted Hot-Dip Zinc Coated Steel Sheet industry how to take advantage of limited source and face industry environmental change to upgrade management technique. By industry internationalization working principles, make enterprise management risk asunders and create industry competition advantage. It becomes industry developmental reference. The study shows some conclusions as follows: 1. Materials source need stability and multiplication. It avoid confining provider but have no method to acquire advantaged negotiate. 2. International steel area integrated tendency have already formed. Major company become bigger and bigger can not avoid. Individual company should cooperation or tactic federation at home with same industry company, form area economy magnitude and debases competition pressure. 3. Push and import TPM management system and TSM work safe management system to healthy company operate constitution and attract elitist. 4. Global market runs for springboard as strengthen developmental technology, develop high affixation value product and new product use domain. It aggravates brand impression and difference product to used for seize more market area and market benefit.

Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) technology is promising for the development of large format low cost single and dual/multi color infrared sensor arrays. Thanks to the mature III-V semiconductor technology, QWIP focal plane arrays (FPAs) provide high uniformity and excellent noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) in both long wavelength infrared (LWIR 8-12 &amp / #61549 / m) and mid wavelength infrared (MWIR 3-5 &amp / #61549 / m) bands. This thesis work focuses on the development of large format single and dual color MWIR QWIP FPAs. For single band MWIR detection, we report QWIP FPAs on InP substrate as an alternative to the GaAs based MWIR QWIPs suffering from the degrading effects of lattice mismatched epitaxy. In the course of this work, epitaxial growth conditions of the device structure were optimized and 640&times / 512 AlInAs/InGaAs QWIP FPAs on InP substrate have been fabricated yielding NETD of 22 mK (f/1.5) and background limited performance (BLIP) temperature as high as 115 K In the second part, we report the first voltage tunable 640&times / 512 dual color MWIR QWIP FPA. After optimizing epitaxial growth of AlGaAs/InGaAs material system, we have designed and implemented the device structure to yield voltage tunable spectral response in two different windows in the MWIR band. The FPA provides NETDs of 60 and 30 mK (f/1.5) in colors 1 and 2. The results are very encouraging for the development of low cost dual/multi color FPAs since our approach utilizes one In bump per pixel allowing fabrication of dual color FPAs with the same process steps for single color FPAs.

NPR (Non-Photo-Realistic Rendering) is a new and quick-developed research topic in Image Processing. The main purpose of NPR is to generate pencil sketching or watercolor, something different from photos, automatically by computer algorithms. On the other hand, there is another technique called PR (Photo-Realistic Rendering). The goal of PR is to generate real objects by computer algorithms, such as Matting. Furthermore, NPR includes two modes: one is with physical model and the other is not. With physical model, researchers could write programs to simulate NPR by the properties of physical model. Without physical model, researchers could write programs to simulate NPR by their observation and deliberation. This thesis belongs to the latter, NPR without physical model. In the viewpoint of artists, drawing is performance of light and shadow. Then, in scientific, drawing depends on the degree of luminance. Luminance supports artists block and direction when drawing. In this thesis, chapter 1 is introduction of art and previous researches. Chapter 2 describes theories what we can use and present the results. Chapter 3 describes the methods what this thesis use and necessary amendment, and present the results.

Many species use color during courtship displays, with the more colorful individuals often selected as potential mates. Female blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, display prominent red markings on their chelipeds, which is absent in males. I tested the hypothesis that females use this sexual dimorphism as an effective signal to potential mates. Body size was positively correlated with size of the colorful pattern on the crusher dactyl. Digital imaging techniques were used to examine and quantify a pattern of coloration in the female blue crab. Morphometric measurements were made using digital images of the carapace and chelae of crabs collected along the Gulf of Mexico coast in Galveston, Texas. Color complexity was examined on digital images of the chelae using Adobe? Photoshop? and Image J. Specific wavelengths were selected and their presence within the attribute quantified and evaluated. To determine whether male blue crabs prefer more colorful females, males were given a choice between females of different female coloration. Males displayed more often and directed more courtship displays towards the more colorful females. I hypothesize that male blue crabs use cheliped coloration as a visual cue for mate selection.