Radish anthocyanin extract has potential as a natural colorant because of its pigment stability and attractive red hue. Presence of undesirable aroma compounds could limit its applications in foods. The pungent principle of radish, 4-methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate (MTBI), is produced enzymatically upon cell injury from its glucosinolate precursor, 4-methylthio-3-butenyl glucosinolate (MTBG), and undergoes subsequent degradation to produce a number of volatiles. To evaluate the potential of flavor formation, juices were prepared from winter and spring radish cultivars. Whole radishes, peels and flesh, as well as radish extracts, were analyzed for glucosinolates and isothiocyanates. Aroma intensities of radish juice extracts were evaluated using sensory analysis. MTBI was monitored by HPLC (detection level 160 ppb). MTBG was extracted from freeze-dried radish tissue with boiling methanol, purified by anion exchange and enzymatically desulfated. DesulfoMTBG was quantified by HPLC, using desulfosinigrin as internal standard. Identification was performed by fast atom bombardment and electrospray mass spectroscopy. MTBI formation was higher in winter than in spring cultivars (1.5-2.8 and 0.8-1.3 mg/100g fresh weight, respectively), and higher in flesh than in peels. MTBG ranged from 30-65 mg (spring cultivars) to 260-320 mg/100g fresh weight (winter cultivars) with greater concentration in peels than in flesh. Isothiocyanates and glucosinolates were not detected in radish juices. Overall aroma intensities of radish juice concentrates, diluted to 150, 300, 600 and 1200 mg anthocyanin/L in water, were rated using a 16-point scale. Radish concentrates from cultivars Fuego (pigmented peels) and Red Meat Takii (whole red flesh) were compared to commercial red cabbage and radish colorants. Aroma intensities followed first order relationships with anthocyanin concentrations. The commercial colorants were rated slight to moderate, while radish extracts (Fuego and Takii) were rated moderate to large. The aroma intensity of red flesh radish extract was more potent than those prepared from radish peels. Further work includes development of purification techniques which would provide an odorless aqueous extract. / Graduation date: 1997

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1975. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

The object of this research was to prepare substituted derivatives of various chalcones having the nitro group substituted in the 31-position, the idea being to help complete the series of chalcones having the nitro group in that position. This was to be done by condensing various substituted benzaldehydes with m-nitroacetophenone, using dry hydrogen chloride as a condensing agent. The properties of the resulting chalcones were then to be determined by observing color reactions, spectra, and other general physical properties.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2008 Jul 28.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-08-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:59:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_kc_me_bauru.pdf: 1427333 bytes, checksum: d2af9018310862c2fe34e56e2d8abbd2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A indústria têxtil é responsável pela geração de efluentes que, normalmente, apresentam um nível indesejável de coloração devido à etapa de tingimento, onde utilizam-se corantes que, quando lançados nos corpos d'água, levam à alteração de sua qualidade e ocasionam efeitos danosos ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana. Em vista disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar a lama vermelha, resíduo gerado em larga escala na produção de alumínio, como meio adsorvedor do corante Reativo Blue 19, o qual possui grande aplicação industrial e características que dificultam sua remoção em solução aquosa por meio de tratamentos convencionais. Sendo assim, optou-se por ativar a lama vermelha através de tratamento químico (água do mar, nitrato de cálcio e peróxido de hidrogênio) e térmico (400ºC e 500ºC), visando identificar a interferência desses tratamentos no aumento de sua capacidade adsortiva. Para isso, foi realizada a caracterização das amostras de lama vermelha através da determinação do pH, condutividade elétrica, ponto de carga zero (PCZ) difração de raios - x (DRX) e área superficial específica, sendo que a análise granulométrica foi realizada somente para a lama vermelha in natura. Em seguida, visando determinar a capacidade adsortiva da lama vermelha ativada, foram construídas isortermas de adsorção, linearizadas segundo os modelos de Langmuir e Freundlich. Para efeito de comparação, a mesma metodologia foi aplicada ao carvão ativado visando determinar sua capacidade em adsorver o mesmo corante. Foi realizado o estudo da cinética de reação através dos modelos pseudo-segunda ordem, onde todas as amostras obedeceram ao modelo de pseudo - segunda ordem. Os resultados mostraram-se bastante promissores, sendo que a lama vermelha ativada por nitrato de cálcio a 500ºC apresentou uma... / The textile industry is responsible for the generation of effluents usually have an undersirable level of staining due to the step of dyeing, which is used dye which, when thrown into water bodies, leading to alteration of its quality and cause harmful effects the environment and human health. As a result, this study aimed to use the red mud, waste generated on a large scale in the production of aluminum, such as through adsorption of the dye Reactive Blue 19, which has a large industrial application and characteristics that hinder its removal in solution Aqueous by conventional treatments. Therefore, we chose to activate the red mud by chemical treatment (seawater, calcium nitrate and hydrogen peroxide) and thermal (400º C and 500º C) in order to identify the influence of these treatment in increasing its adsorption capacity. For this, we performed the characterization of samples of samples of red mud by determining the pH, electrical conductivity, point of zero charge (PZC) - ray diffraction (XRD) and specific surface area, and the particle size analysis was performed only for red mud in nature. Then, to determine the adsorptive capacity of activated red mud, adsorption isotherms were constructed, according to the linearized Langmuir and Freundlich models. For comparison, the same methodology was applied to activated carbon in order to determine their ability to adsorb the same dye. Was performed to study the kinetics of reaction through the pseudo-first model and pseudo-second order where all samples followed the type of pseudo-second order. The results were very promising, with the red mud activated by calcium nitrate at 500ºC showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 476.02 mg/g at pH 4. The results for the activated carbon did not indicate affinity between the adsorbate and adsorbate material, a factor... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Leung Bo-Shan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-159). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.v / List of Abbreviations --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.viii / List of Figures --- p.ix / Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Food colorants --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Caramel --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Classes of caramel --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Toxicological studies of caramel --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Castanea mollissima --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4 --- Antioxidants --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Background --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Methods used to evaluate the antioxidative activity --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.2.1 --- DPPH* scavenging method --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.2.2 --- High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5 --- Microtox® test --- p.19 / Chapter 1.6 --- Mutatox® test --- p.19 / Chapter 1.7 --- Methods used to evaluate the functions of major organs --- p.20 / Chapter 1.7.1 --- Liver --- p.20 / Chapter 1.7.2 --- Kidneys --- p.23 / Chapter 1.8 --- Toxicology --- p.25 / Chapter 1.8.1 --- Acute toxicity test --- p.25 / Chapter 1.8.2 --- Chronic toxicity test --- p.26 / Chapter 1.9 --- Objective --- p.27 / Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1 --- Plant materials --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2 --- Sample preparation --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3 --- Pigment characterization --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Stability test --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- HPLC separation of CP --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Determination of antioxidative activity with the DPPH* scavenging method --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4 --- Microtox® test --- p.33 / Chapter 2.5 --- Mutatox® test --- p.34 / Chapter 2.6 --- Acute toxicity test --- p.35 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Animals --- p.35 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Housing and maintenance --- p.35 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Experimental design --- p.37 / Chapter 2.6.4 --- Chemicals --- p.39 / Chapter 2.6.5 --- Clinical pathology test --- p.41 / Chapter 2.6.5.1 --- Haematology --- p.41 / Chapter 2.6.5.2 --- Blood chemistry --- p.45 / Chapter 2.6.5.3 --- Urinalysis --- p.55 / Chapter 2.6.6 --- Histological study --- p.57 / Chapter 2.6.7 --- Statistical analysis --- p.57 / Chapter 2.7 --- Chronic toxicity test --- p.59 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Animals --- p.59 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Housing and maintenance --- p.59 / Chapter 2.7.3 --- Experimental design --- p.59 / Chapter 2.7.4 --- Chemicals --- p.60 / Chapter 2.7.5 --- Clinical pathology test --- p.61 / Chapter 2.7.5.1 --- Haematology --- p.61 / Chapter 2.7.5.2 --- Blood chemistry --- p.62 / Chapter 2.7.5.3 --- Urinalysis --- p.62 / Chapter 2.7.6 --- Histological study --- p.62 / Chapter 2.7.7 --- Statistical analysis --- p.62 / Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.63 / Chapter 3.1 --- Pigment characterization --- p.63 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Stability test --- p.63 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- HPLC separation of CP --- p.63 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Antioxidative activities of CP preparations --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2 --- Microtox® test --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3 --- Mutatox® test --- p.65 / Chapter 3.4 --- Acute toxicity test --- p.66 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Growth rate --- p.66 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Food and fluid consumption --- p.66 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Organ-weight --- p.66 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Clinical pathology tests --- p.68 / Chapter 3.4.4.1 --- Haematology --- p.68 / Chapter 3.4.4.2 --- Blood chemistry --- p.70 / Chapter 3.4.4.3 --- Urinalysis --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Histological study --- p.76 / Chapter 3.5 --- Chronic toxicity test --- p.77 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Growth rate --- p.77 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Food and fluid consumption --- p.77 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Organ-weight --- p.77 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Clinical pathology tests --- p.78 / Chapter 3.5.4.1 --- Haematology --- p.78 / Chapter 3.5.4.2 --- Blood chemistry --- p.80 / Chapter 3.5.4.3 --- Urinalysis --- p.82 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Histological study --- p.82 / Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.137 / Chapter 4.1 --- Pigment characterization --- p.137 / Chapter 4.2 --- Toxicological studies of CP --- p.140 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.147 / References --- p.148

Orientador: Maria Lucia Pereira Antunes / Banca: Antonio Carlos Vieira Coelho / Banca: Fabiano Tomazini da Conceição / Resumo: A indústria têxtil é responsável pela geração de efluentes que, normalmente, apresentam um nível indesejável de coloração devido à etapa de tingimento, onde utilizam-se corantes que, quando lançados nos corpos d'água, levam à alteração de sua qualidade e ocasionam efeitos danosos ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana. Em vista disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar a lama vermelha, resíduo gerado em larga escala na produção de alumínio, como meio adsorvedor do corante Reativo Blue 19, o qual possui grande aplicação industrial e características que dificultam sua remoção em solução aquosa por meio de tratamentos convencionais. Sendo assim, optou-se por ativar a lama vermelha através de tratamento químico (água do mar, nitrato de cálcio e peróxido de hidrogênio) e térmico (400ºC e 500ºC), visando identificar a interferência desses tratamentos no aumento de sua capacidade adsortiva. Para isso, foi realizada a caracterização das amostras de lama vermelha através da determinação do pH, condutividade elétrica, ponto de carga zero (PCZ) difração de raios - x (DRX) e área superficial específica, sendo que a análise granulométrica foi realizada somente para a lama vermelha "in natura". Em seguida, visando determinar a capacidade adsortiva da lama vermelha ativada, foram construídas isortermas de adsorção, linearizadas segundo os modelos de Langmuir e Freundlich. Para efeito de comparação, a mesma metodologia foi aplicada ao carvão ativado visando determinar sua capacidade em adsorver o mesmo corante. Foi realizado o estudo da cinética de reação através dos modelos pseudo-segunda ordem, onde todas as amostras obedeceram ao modelo de pseudo - segunda ordem. Os resultados mostraram-se bastante promissores, sendo que a lama vermelha ativada por nitrato de cálcio a 500ºC apresentou uma... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The textile industry is responsible for the generation of effluents usually have an undersirable level of staining due to the step of dyeing, which is used dye which, when thrown into water bodies, leading to alteration of its quality and cause harmful effects the environment and human health. As a result, this study aimed to use the red mud, waste generated on a large scale in the production of aluminum, such as through adsorption of the dye Reactive Blue 19, which has a large industrial application and characteristics that hinder its removal in solution Aqueous by conventional treatments. Therefore, we chose to activate the red mud by chemical treatment (seawater, calcium nitrate and hydrogen peroxide) and thermal (400º C and 500º C) in order to identify the influence of these treatment in increasing its adsorption capacity. For this, we performed the characterization of samples of samples of red mud by determining the pH, electrical conductivity, point of zero charge (PZC) - ray diffraction (XRD) and specific surface area, and the particle size analysis was performed only for red mud "in nature". Then, to determine the adsorptive capacity of activated red mud, adsorption isotherms were constructed, according to the linearized Langmuir and Freundlich models. For comparison, the same methodology was applied to activated carbon in order to determine their ability to adsorb the same dye. Was performed to study the kinetics of reaction through the pseudo-first model and pseudo-second order where all samples followed the type of pseudo-second order. The results were very promising, with the red mud activated by calcium nitrate at 500ºC showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 476.02 mg/g at pH 4. The results for the activated carbon did not indicate affinity between the adsorbate and adsorbate material, a factor... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientadores: Nelma de Mello Silva Oliveira, Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro, Simone Valente Campos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Tecnologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T02:06:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Resende_MariellyReis_M.pdf: 1924615 bytes, checksum: 1591718b0b86c23e64a29629b4589246 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Embora tenha grande utilidade e diversas aplicações nos setores industriais, há anos a discussão sobre o potencial genotóxico do corante tartrazina vem sendo abordada, uma vez que há vários resultados controversos descritos na literatura. É provável que a presença de impurezas nas amostras possa ser uma das causas do possível potencial mutagênico. Dessa forma, esse estudo visa avaliar a atividade mutagênica do corante tartrazina com diferentes graus de pureza e possíveis interferentes presentes nas amostras, utilizando o ensaio Salmonella/microssoma a partir das linhagens recomendadas pela OECD 471. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o corante tartrazina ?99 % e o corante tartrazina comercial 90%, não apresentaram atividade mutagênica para as linhagens TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA1535 e TA102 demonstrando ausência de impurezas mutagênicas ou que as mesmas estejam em baixas concentrações nas amostras avaliadas / Abstract: Although very useful and diverse applications in industry, for years the discussion on the genotoxic potential of the dye tartrazine has been addressed, since there are several controversial results in the literature. It is likely that the presence of impurities in the samples may be a cause of the possible mutagenic potential. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the mutagenic activity of the dye tartrazine with different degrees of purity and possible interferences present in the samples, using the Salmonella / microsome test from the lines recommended by the OECD 471. The results showed that the dye tartrazine ?99 % and the dye tartrazine commercial 90% showed no mutagenic activity for the strains TA97, TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA102 showing absence of mutagenic impurities or that they are in low concentrations in the analyzed samples / Mestrado / Tecnologia e Inovação / Mestra em Tecnologia

Orientador: Alvaro de Baptista Neto / Banca: Alberto Colli Badino Junior / Banca: Fernando Lucas Primo / Resumo: Com o desenvolvimento da indústria moderna, houve o aumento na utilização de colorantes artificiais em diferentes áreas, entre elas destaca-se o setor alimentício e farmacêutico. Com a utilização contínua desses colorantes no ramo alimentício foi verificado, dependendo da classe e da concentração, o grande potencial desses compostos causarem diversas doenças, dentre elas o câncer. Com isso, é possível observar um crescente desenvolvimento de tecnologias que visam à obtenção de processos de produção de colorantes naturais, de origem biológica, que são considerados mais saudáveis e menos nocivos à saúde humana. Nesse contexto, as antraquinonas, se destacam por possuírem compostos que podem ser utilizados como colorante natural. Há muitos trabalhos na literatura destacando diversas ações desses compostos naturais, como por exemplo, atividade hepatoprotetora, anticancerígena, antimicrobiana, antifúngica, antiviral, antidiabética, antioxidante, entre outras. Nesse sentido, visto a grande importância de colorantes naturais pertencentes ao grupo das antraquinonas, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver métodos para extração e quantificação de um colorante natural pertencente à classe das antraquinonas, e os resultados foram satisfatórios. Foi possível determinar o processo de purificação e extração através de cromatografia de adsorção, utilizando como adsorvente a resina IRA-410 e como eluente solução de Cloreto de Sódio 5,0% e Etanol PA, onde foi possível obter uma recu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: With modern industry development, the use of artificial colors in different areas has increased, among them, the alimentary segment. With the continuous use of these dyes in the food industry, it was verified that depending on the class and concentration, there's a huge potential of these compounds cause various diseases, among them cancer. With this, it is possible to observe a growing development of technologies that aim at obtaining biological origin natural dyes production processes, that are considered healthier and less harmful to human health. In this context, the anthraquinones, stand out because they have compounds that can be used as a natural dye. There are many works in the literature highlighting several actions of these natural compounds, such as hepatoprotective, anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antidiabetic, antioxidant, among others activities. In this sense, given the great importance of natural dyes belonging to the quinones group, the present work aimed to develop methods for extracting and quantifying a natural dye belonging to the class of anthraquinones, and the results were satisfactory. It was possible to determine the purification and extraction process by adsorption chromatography using as adsorbent IRA-410 resin and as eluent 5.0% Sodium Chloride solution and Ethanol PA, where it was possible to obtain a recovery of 100% and a yield of 86% when the fixed bed tests were performed, obtaining a promising method for determining the con... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre