Abstract Not Provided. / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

As the community land trust (CLT) movement in the United States approaches its 50th anniversary, CLT members, practitioners and researchers are exploring and pushing the boundaries of the model. CLTs offer an alternative model of land use tenure that permanently removes properties from the speculative market for the ongoing common good of the community. Most frequently associated with the provision of affordable housing in strong real estate markets, several CLTs across the country are now expanding into the commercial realm. This thesis compares the incipient commercial development efforts underway in St. Paul, Minnesota and New Orleans, Louisiana in order to better understand the potential role of CLTs in helping communities preserve and create commercial assets under a wide range of market forces.

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商業活乃是都市活動中重要的一環；商業繁盛則市就顯得欣欣向榮，反之，商業不興 ，都市即易衰退，所以商業發展是促使都市成長擴大的主因之一。當都市擴大之際， 商業活動量即隨之增加，二者之間如滾雪球般，愈滾愈大，都市於焉發展。商業活動 必需包括土地使用、勞力、資本等基本因素的投入，而其銷售則可視為產生，所以廣 義來說，商業活動是屬於一種生產活動。 零售商業是一切商業活動的基本單位，任何商品的銷售最終必需透過零售的管道，故 其可直接反應商業市場的榮枯；又因零售商業的品級、種類繁多，分佈性廣泛，在商 業中舉足輕重，足堪代表。 台北市的經濟基礎乃是建立在商業之上，其對商業之需求量非常大，不僅提供本市居 民之需要，也擴及對台灣北部區域居民高級品之需要。在今天工業用地因使用成本增 高，逐漸外移之時，原有用地漸被商業用地所取代，所以做商業使用的土地，投入勞 力、資本量愈來愈多，本研究即針對商業活動有關的基本投入因素與銷售產之間，探 討其關係，並以零售業為例建立其一般原則，最後將其關係式之結果導引於都市經濟 成長、商業區規劃時之應用。 其章節分配大致如后： 第一章 緒論：包括問題之緣起及問題分析，述及商業活動與都市經濟發展間之關係 ，零售商業在商業中所扮演之角色，由此衍生研究目的之確立。 第二章 相關理論之文獻：本章對有關之理論及現有研究略做評述，檢討其優劣與缺 失，以對應先前之研究目的。 第三章 研究方法：包括研究對象時間、空間、種類上之決定及決定原因，而後建立 研究架構及選擇分析方法，再做資料之收集。 第四章 分析討論：內容包括二大部分。一、零售商業結構分析，針對其內涵結構做 空間結構及經管結構之分析，以助於建立下一步驟生產函數式因之找尋。二、生產函 數式之建立及分析：參酌上項結構分析，找出其影響其銷售生產之基本投入因素，建 立其間之關係，並加以驗證。 第六章 結論建議：總結以上所做之分析與應用，檢討其得失，提出改進方式與後續 研究方向。 以上共計一冊，六章，約二十節，六萬字。

Comparison of Dyna-CLUE and Land Change Modeler software for predictive modelling in the suburban area of Prague Abstract The objective of this work was to predict the development of the suburban area of Prague, using Dyna- CLUE and Land Change Modeler (LCM) software, and based on the results compare the capabilities of both these software tools. In this work I used time series of land cover data obtained by the department of applied geoinformatics and cartography, local plans of the municipalities, and information about soil protection provided by the Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation. Based on these data, a predicted land cover map for 2020 was created in both software tools. The results were then compared and showed that the models respect the restriction of development in predetermined areas. In accordance with local plans, new residential development was properly allocated. For commercial development, the requirements were not completely fulfilled. It is evident that both models are able to create a correct map of future land cover based on specified requirements. However, the instability of LCM and the necessity of using other software while working with Dyna- CLUE somewhat complicated the work. Keywords: Dyna-CLUE, Land Change Modeler, predictive modelling, land cover, residential...

Thesis (M. Sc. (Aquaculture)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Tilapia production in South Africa is failing to reach sustainable commercial levels of development, despite the efforts by the government to improve aquaculture production. Limpopo Province has been practicing fish farming since the 1980s, with tilapia being the most widely farmed fish. Currently, tilapia production in Capricorn and Vhembe districts in Limpopo Province remains low. In this study, factors affecting tilapia production in aqua dams, earthen ponds, concrete ponds, and RAS systems in Capricorn and Vhembe districts were explored. Eight different production systems were used to collect field data, four in each district. Water quality parameters in aqua dams, earthen ponds, concrete ponds, and RAS system were determined. The abundance of phytoplankton was determined in three different production systems. And lastly, a questionnaire was used to determine factors critical for successful tilapia production from the farmer’s perspective in Capricorn and Vhembe districts. The levels of ammonium and ammonia were below detection limits in all the production systems in Capricorn and Vhembe districts. The results showed that water temperature, alkalinity (as bicarbonate and carbonate), potassium, total phosphate frequently did not meet the requirement for the culture of tilapia in all the production systems in Capricorn and Vhembe district throughout the study. The concrete ponds, aqua dams, and RAS systems in both districts were mostly affected by these parameters. The phytoplankton abundance varied according to the type of production system and water quality parameters of the production systems. The concrete pond in Olifanshoek, Vhembe district had the highest total phytoplankton composition. An aqua dam in Bungeni had the highest total phytoplankton composition compared to other aqua dams in Capricorn district. The earthen ponds in Vondo in Vhembe district had the lowest tilapia yield and total phytoplankton composition compared to all the production systems in Capricorn and Vhembe districts. Phytoplankton species abundance was not correlated to primary production and tilapia yield, and there was no correlation between primary production and tilapia yield. Tilapia farmers in Capricorn and Vhembe district both ranked “value chain accessibility”, “appropriate technology approach”, “market factors”, “level of operational integration”, and “access to multiple market destination” as the most important socio-economic factors affecting tilapia production in both districts. Tilapia vii production in Capricorn and Vhembe districts is not profitable because of low tilapia yields due to low stocking densities and because of low-priced imported tilapia from China and low-priced wild-caught tilapia sold by local fishermen in villages. The study concluded that tilapia production in Capricorn and Vhembe districts is not successful because farmers struggle to maintain optimum water quality and the water temperature was suitable for tilapia farming only for a short period of time. And lastly, tilapia production is failing to succeed in Capricorn and Vhembe district because it is not profitable. / Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development and the Aquaculture Research Unit

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The general body of academic knowledge on the commercial development of smaller towns is in its infancy. Yet its inherent potential is well perceived from a development and market perspective. Shopping centre development could have an important function in getting products and services to the marketplace in an economical way. Furthermore, it could have a very significant socio-economic impact in the central business district (CBD). Although such a shopping centre will surely create new businesses, employment and production opportunities for local businesses it is of importance to first determine the financial viability and impact of the new development on existing businesses. Developers and researchers often approach the subject of shopping centre development from different perspectives. The research output is often of limited impact as the critical link between demographical analysis and financial viability is not made. Researchers are usually excluded from the physical establishment, rental structures, tenant mix, design, cost of construction, return on investment, funding and future management of the proposed new shopping centre project. Linking demographic assessment and financial viability is a critical output of this study. Bethlehem and its district are quite unique in a number of ways, especially regarding the presence of a large farming community. Bethlehem provides goods and services to residents of Bethlehem, Clarens, Kestell, Harrismith, Heilbron, Paul Roux, Petrus Steyn, Reitz, Senekal and Warden. The main shopping activity occurs in the CBD of Bethlehem and its surrounding areas. Bethlehem only has one major shopping centre (the Metropolitan Centre) that provides goods and services for the people in the surrounding area. This causes an over concentration in the CBD and too much traffic in an already limited space. There is a high need for Bethlehem to provide a bigger shopping centre for the citizens of the town, as well as the surrounding areas. This study investigates the need for a new shopping centre in Bethlehem and will determine whether a new shopping centre will be viable within the area The empirical study revealed that approximately half of the respondents are not satisfied with the current shopping centres in Bethlehem. A greater amount of respondents felt that the shopping centres do not offer enough parking. The study revealed that, from a consumer point of view, there is definitely a need for a new shopping centre in Bethlehem and that there is a gap of approximately 12 892m² GLA (Gross leasable area). However, this was determined before the opening of the new Dihlabeng Mall. The Dihlabeng Mall occupies 24 142m², therefore an oversupply is already taken place. / MArt et Scien (Urban and Regional Planning), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013