Recruitment processes place high demands on jobseekers' personal characteristics and social abilities, which high-functioning autistic individuals experience as obstacles. They had preferred that recruiters value competence higher. On the other hand, the respondents involved with recruitment believed that personal qualities are important in assessing the jobseeker's suitability to fit into the current team, which was considered an important factor for long-term employment. The organizations advocated diversity in the job advertisements but are perceived to have a lack of knowledge about the meaning of the term. Diversity work can be experienced as contradictory as great emphasis is placed on personal characteristics, which seems to lead to like-minded jobseekers and a homogeneous working group being given priority over diversity. More knowledge is needed to fulfill the diversity work and thereby make the recruitment process more well-functioning and inclusive. Some suggestions for a more inclusive recruitment process are to present job advertisements clearly, focus more on jobseekers' abilities, include job samples in the recruitment process, give jobseekers the freedom to have interviews digitally or physically and dare to promote a heterogeneous team. / Rekryteringsprocesser ställer höga krav på arbetssökandes personliga egenskaper och sociala förmåga, vilket högfungerande autistiska individer upplever som hinder. De hade föredragit att rekryterare värdesatte kompetens högre. Däremot menade respondenterna verksamma inom rekrytering att personliga egenskaper är viktiga för att bedöma den arbetssökandes lämplighet att passa in i det nuvarande teamet, vilket ansågs vara en viktig faktor för långvarig anställning. Organisationerna förespråkade mångfald i jobbannonserna men uppfattas ha bristande kunskap om begreppets innebörd. Mångfaldsarbetet kan upplevas motsägelsefullt då stor vikt läggs vid personliga egenskaper, vilket tycks leda till att likasinnade arbetssökande och en homogen arbetsgrupp prioriteras framför mångfald. Mer kunskap behövs för att fullgöra mångfaldsarbetet och därigenom få rekryteringsprocessen mer välfungerande och inkluderande. Några förslag för en mer inkluderande rekryteringsprocess är att presentera jobbannonser tydligt, fokusera mer på arbetssökandes förmågor, inkludera arbetsprov i rekryteringsprocessen, ge arbetssökande valfrihet att ha intervjuer digitalt eller fysiskt och våga främja ett heterogent team.

This diploma thesis is especially pedagogical oriented, it is focused on matters of speech therapy. In theoretical part, there are described issues of intact speech development and language skills of children, and also early literacy and malfunction of communication skills of pre-school children. This work is comparing two types of pre-school education. One of them is classic pre-school, the second one is alternative Montessori pre-school. Empirical part was realized with MABEL test battery. MABEL is diagnostic battery for evaluation of early literacy and skills for development of early literacy. There were used tests of elision and isolation of phones, fast naming of colours and pictures, writing of easy words and phones composing. Research survey was placed in two pre-schools. Respondents were early aged children, who attend these schools. The main objective of this work was to find and compare early literacy of pre-school children. The results were compared to standards from diagnostic battery and they showed, that Montessori respondents got slightly higher score in comparison to children of classic pre-school. However, results are little bit disorted, because of low number of total respondents.

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el nivel de habilidades comunicativas en estudiantes de enfermería en una universidad privada de Chiclayo, 2023. La metodología propuesta para el estudio fue cuantitativo - descriptivo con diseño transeccional; presenta una muestra de 230 estudiantes de enfermería, con muestreo probabilístico. La técnica fue la encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario “HABICOM” que evalúa la habilidad comunicativa constituido por dos dimensiones con 68 ítems sometido a pruebas de validez y confiabilidad donde obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de 0.95. El procesamiento de datos fue a través del programa estadístico SPSS v25.0. Con respecto a los resultados se muestra que en la población de manera global el 46,5 % de los estudiantes exhibe un nivel alto de habilidades comunicativas incluyendo sus dimensiones de autopercepción personal e importancia profesional siendo sus características más predominantes generar motivación, empatía, expresiones, escucha con un 47.0% y calidad emocional y efectiva con 46,5%. / The objective of the research was to determine the level of communication skills in nursing students at a private university in Chiclayo, 2023. The methodology proposed for the study was quantitative - descriptive with a transectional design; presents a sample of 230 nursing students, with probabilistic sampling. The technique was the survey and as an instrument the “HABICOM” questionnaire that evaluates the communication skill consisting of two dimensions with 68 items subjected to validity and reliability tests where it obtained a Cronbach's alpha of 0.95. Data processing was through the SPSS v25.0 statistical program. With respect to the results, it is shown that in the population as a whole, 46.5% of students exhibit a high level of communication skills including their dimensions of personal self perception and professional importance, their most predominant characteristics being generating motivation, empathy, expressions, listening with 47.0% and emotional and effective quality with 46.5%.

Master of Science / Department of Psychology / Richard J. Harris / The increasing number of non-native English-speaking instructors in American universities constitutes an issue of controversial debate, concerning the interaction of native English- speaking students and non-native English speaking instructors. This study investigated the effects of native or non-native speakers and audiovisual or audio-only lecture mode on English native speakers’ comprehension and memory for information from a classroom lecture, measuring both factual memory and strength of pragmatic inferences drawn from the text. College students (N = 130) were tested on their comprehension of information derived from basic entomology lectures given by both an English native speaker and an English non-native speaker GTA. Participants also evaluated both lecturers in terms of communication skills. Results indicated that participants evaluated the native speaker as having better communication skills, which is in accordance with previous studies suggesting that both the difficulty of understanding non-native-accented speech (Reddington, 2008) and the possibility of prejudice triggered when listeners hear a non-native accent (Bresnahan et al., 2002) influence listeners’ evaluations of English non-native speaker instructors. Results revealed that familiarity with the topic also played an important role in listening comprehension, especially for lectures given by the non-native speaker. Likewise, the access to visual cues (gestures and facial expressions) enhanced understanding, but it was not a pre-requisite for adequate comprehension when the topic of the lectures did not require visual information. These findings were consistent with the polystemic speech perception approach (Hawkins, 2003), in that it is not essential to recognize all words in text in order to make connections with previous knowledge and construct meaning. Furthermore, overall participants took longer to answer questions from lectures given by the non-native speaker than by the native speaker. This suggests that non-native-accented speech may require more time to answer questions related to that speech, although listeners can adapt to it quickly (Derwing, 1995). Findings from this study are important in suggesting tools for thinking about how different aspects of a lecture can contribute to the learning process. Implications for further research are addressed.

In my thesis named How the new media affect speech of children and adolescents I focus on the changes trends in the speech of the young generation. Nowadays children and adolescents very often use abbreviations in their speech, they prefer the foreign origin words to the Czech equivalents and they use media tools for communication more then they use interpersonal communication. According to my hypothesis the changes are caused by the influence of the media world that accompany the new generation throughout whole childhood. According to many experts the medias form the children as well as the family and the kid's surroundings. Using a questionnaire survey in the specific groups of 11 to 15 years old children I try to find out if the changes in the children speech are real and how much are the media involved, no matter if it regards media "tradicional" or "new" ones. The questionnaire focuses on the all aspects of the language; vocabulary, words meaning, using foreign equivalents and the proces of communication. If I find out the changes I also try to find out the reason of their formation and whether they are connected to the (new) media.

Purpose: Interpersonal communication is one of the most important abilities and skills in everyday life. But when patient's communication ability is limited due to endotracheal or tracheostomy tube insertion, the patient, who had communicated verbally, is not able to convey their feelings, needs and wishes anymore. The purpose of this thesis is to help improve communication skills of nurses in the area of communication with conscious, unconscious and analgosedated patients whose airways are intubated. Methods: The survey has form of quantitative research, the questionnaire method was used. Research data was obtained from a total of 144 nurses working at resuscitation departments at four hospitals in Prague. Results: By studying this issue, it has been found nurses have trouble communicating with intubated patients. The most difficult communication is with conscious patients, who are intubated by endotracheal tube. Communicating with patients with impaired consciousness is also very problematic. Conclusion: Despite the fact, that communication with intubated patients is inherently difficult, more than half of the respondents have never been educated about how to communicate with these patients. Not only but also to address this issue, the outcome of this thesis is information brochure with...

This thesis deals is focused the application of general individualization strategies during work in the regular primary school classroom where pupils with learning diasabilities and specific behavior are integrated. Its aim is to describe the way the teacher tries to find optimal solutions using a form of action research. It deals with the status of these pupils in the class. What is their attitude and how they are motivated for school work. It traces how is the process perceived by pupils themselves, by thein schoolmates and thein parents. Perception of their problems by classmates and their parents. It reflects how the choice of the strategy affects the level of professional competence and teaching style of the teacher. It describes the benefits and risks associated with the integration of children with learning disabilities in the common classroom. It maps the possible strategies of differentiation and individualization of teaching methods and strategies that support students with learning disabilities an specific behavioral. It deals with the requirements for the competence of teachers. Keywords: inclusion, individualization, work methods, language and communication skills, a student with learning disabilities and behavior

The thesis deals with the possibilities of communication skills development for persons with learning disabilities. Problematics of vocabulary acquirement and the associated cognitive processes are of primary interest of the thesis. Part of the work is a proposal of several practical activities for improvement of these fields, all in agreement with the presented theoretical background. Qualitative study on a sample of 5 tenants of a nursing home was conducted. Subsequent analysis revealed that the nature, implementation and orientation of the proposed tasks is suitable for the clients. Recommendations on how to treat the encountered individuals are also presented. KEYWORDS learning disability, vocabulary analysis, vocabulary developement, cognitive processes, communication skills

Notre étude s’inscrit dans les recherches en didactique des langues. Elle vise à faire des propositions pédagogiques pour l’enseignement du français langue étrangère dans la formation linguistique des apprentis guides touristiques au Venezuela. Pour ce faire, nous avons enregistré sur le terrain de travail quatre guides professionnels (deux français et deux vénézuéliens. Le corpus ainsi constitué a été transcrit avec les normes ICOR (Laboratoire ICAR, Lyon 2). Dans le but d’effectuer une analyse comparative, nous avons pris des outils de l’analyse conversationnelle, de la linguistique énonciative et de la linguistique textuelle pour déterminer les ressemblances et les différences discursives des guides touristiques à étude au niveau pragmatique, énonciatif, syntaxique et sémantique. Les analyses ont démontré que les guides des deux groupes culturels ont recours aux mêmes actes de parole dans les visites guidées, se servent des mêmes procédés linguistiques propres aux discours oraux même si ces derniers sont empreints de traces de scripturalisation. Toutefois, les guides utilisent différemment les déictiques en tant que marques énonciatives et culturelles. Avec ces observations, nous présentons des modèles d’activités pédagogiques visant la maîtrise des savoirs linguistiques, le développement de savoir-faire communicatifs et savoir-être nécessaires pour un guide touristique. Ces activités de formation intègrent les dimensions interculturelles qu’a fait apparaître l’analyse des interactions. / The present study pertains to studies in research on language didactics. Its main objective was to make pedagogical proposals for the teaching of French as a foreign language as part of training for tourist guides apprentices in Venezuela.In order to do this, we recorded the field work of four professional guides (two French and two Venezuelans). The text corpus was transcribed using the ICOR standards (ICAR Laboratory, Lyon 2). In order to conduct a comparative analysis we employed tools such as: the use of conversational analysis, linguistic enunciation analysis and textual linguistic analyses. Such tools allowed us to determine discursive similarities and differences in the tour guides at the pragmatic, enunciative, syntactic and semantic levels.Analyses showed that the guides from the two cultural groups use the same speech acts in guided tours and use the same linguistic processes specific to oral discourse (even if written language traces are present). However, the guides use different deictics as cultural and enunciative marks. With these observations, we present models of pedagogical activities targeting the mastery of linguistic knowledge, the development of communicative skills and knowledge necessary to the tourist guide profession. These training activities include intercultural dimensions which have emerged from our analysis of interactions.

Thesis deals with the use of mediated learning experience in the focus on the communication skills of preschool children. Thesis follows up the theoretical knowledges of preschool education especially content of it and related to main documentes. Thesis describes the development of child in preschool age and describes the speech development and speech impairments. Thesis is focused on the mediated learning experience, its principles, goals and also on the theory of structural cognitive modifiability. In the last part of thesis is describede the program of Feuerstein instrumental enrichment, which is the main part of the research. The goal of thesis is to analysed the use of the Feuerstein instrumental enrichment program in the focus on development of preschool children's communication skills.