This Master’s thesis examines the reasons for the failure of the Soviet advisers’ mission in Chinese warlord Feng Yuxiang’s army in 1925-1927. The USSR had strategic interests in Northern China and needed an ally to help it promote them. Soviet leadership chose prominent Chinese political and military leader Feng Yuxiang as one of its main allies in Northern China and sent advisers to help him strengthen and indoctrinate his army. This mission’s goals were to establish close relations with Feng and his officers, to influence the organizational and military planning of his army and to promote Soviet nationalist and ideological interests. However, the Soviet advisers did not succeed. This thesis focuses on the three main reasons of the mission’s failure: the advisers’ group’s political, ideological and internal problems. Chapter I examines Soviet strategic interests in North China as well as reasons for Soviet-Feng alliance. Chapter II discusses the conflicts between Feng and advisers that were caused by differences in their political views, strategic interests and plans for China’s future. It also focuses on the ideological differences between Feng and the Soviet advisers, including Feng’s disapproval of the communist ideology and the advisers’ disapproval of Feng’s use of Christianity to improve the discipline in his army. Finally, Chapter III discusses a factor that has long been neglected in other studies: the group’s internal problems. Indeed, insufficient preparation of the mission caused communicational and cultural issues on a personal level between the advisers and Feng Yuxiang’s officers. This thesis brings together information from previous works and uses rare documents from the Communist International archives. Declassified advisers’ reports and letters, in combination with personal memoires of the survived advisers, allow the study to research this topic in a new, more personal perspective. / Graduate / 2019-09-06

Drawing on the assumptions that old ideologies persist over a long period of time, impact on intercultural communication, and can be identified in texts, this study is a critical analysis of the content of an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) textbook, which was published between 1983 and 1988 in communist Romania. Specifically, the research questions of the present study are: 1) How do the EFL textbook‘s readings represent the relationship between Romanian and non-Romanian people?, and 2) What are the sociopolitical implications of these representations? Based on critical discourse analysis (CDA), as well as content analysis and literary theory, the method of analysis of this study builds on central concepts such as ideology and intertextuality, and delivers a multilayered framework of analysis that comprises the historical and ideological context of the texts, as well as the context of other texts. The findings show that the communist ideology was legitimated and transmitted in language textbooks, and, compared to the Romanians, non-Romanians were unequally represented.

Drawing on the assumptions that old ideologies persist over a long period of time, impact on intercultural communication, and can be identified in texts, this study is a critical analysis of the content of an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) textbook, which was published between 1983 and 1988 in communist Romania. Specifically, the research questions of the present study are: 1) How do the EFL textbook‘s readings represent the relationship between Romanian and non-Romanian people?, and 2) What are the sociopolitical implications of these representations? Based on critical discourse analysis (CDA), as well as content analysis and literary theory, the method of analysis of this study builds on central concepts such as ideology and intertextuality, and delivers a multilayered framework of analysis that comprises the historical and ideological context of the texts, as well as the context of other texts. The findings show that the communist ideology was legitimated and transmitted in language textbooks, and, compared to the Romanians, non-Romanians were unequally represented.

Land of the in-between explores how modern architecture responded to demands for political and ideological representation during the Cold War using socialist Yugoslavia as a case-study. Self-proclaimed as universal and abstract, modernism acquired a variety of specific meanings hidden behind seemingly neutral forms that, however, frequently contained decidedly political dimensions. During the Cold War, Yugoslavia deliberately positioned itself halfway between the Eastern and Western blocs, thus representing an excellent case for a study of shifting political meanings ascribed to architecture at that time. This dissertation follows two lines of investigation: transformations of architectural profession, and changes in the modes of architectural representation of the state. Consequences of two key moments are explored: the rise to power of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in 1945, and its expulsion from the Soviet bloc in 1948. These two moments correspond to two distinct phases that shaped architecture in socialist Yugoslavia: a period of intense Stalinization immediately after WW II, and a period of gradual liberalization after the country's sudden break-up with the Soviet Union. During the short-lived Stalinist period, the regime subjected Yugoslav culture to the doctrine of Socialist Realism. But after 1948, the state relaxed its iron grip, allowing for a degree of intellectual and artistic freedom. At the same time, Yugoslavia reestablished friendly relations with the West, opening itself to influences of Western culture. The revival of modern architecture that followed was in return instrumental in reinforcing Yugoslavia's new image of a reformed Communist country. Land of the in-between argues that Yugoslavia's political shifts gave rise to a uniquely hybrid architectural culture. It combined Communist ideology with Western aesthetic and technological influences to create a mix that complicated the common black and white picture of the Cold War. Architecture in socialist Yugoslavia thus operated within a complex framework of shifting political and cultural paradigms whose contrasts highlight the meanings that post-World War II modernism assumed on a global scale. / text

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Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-07-31T13:24:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Nayara Capingote Serafim da Silva Arruda - 2018.pdf: 23312630 bytes, checksum: b4c513893bc1a74a24df4d4136a57319 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-08-01T13:28:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Nayara Capingote Serafim da Silva Arruda - 2018.pdf: 23312630 bytes, checksum: b4c513893bc1a74a24df4d4136a57319 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T13:28:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Nayara Capingote Serafim da Silva Arruda - 2018.pdf: 23312630 bytes, checksum: b4c513893bc1a74a24df4d4136a57319 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-02 / The present research titled “Memories of the communist ideal in Catalão-GO on the newspaper ‘O Catalão’ (1953)” bases itself on studies of the vocabulary and its interrelation with identity and memory. The main premise is that some traces of people's history and lifestyle can be accessed through their lexicon. The work's corpus is made with six prints of the city newspaper called “O Catalão”, dated of 1953, which are presented in both facsimile and transcript versions. Collected data considered the 50 most recurrent vocabularies to understand how they report the communist ideal. In order to backup the premise that the lexicon can carry these traces, it was proposed an inventory of the main vocabularies and their linguistic development to ease the analysis and confirmations. They were grouped into “Work Relationships”, “National and International Politics” and “Political-Economic Status and Development”. The results reached from the vocabulary inventory analysis and their occurrence rate throughout the research corpus made it possible to confirm the language's property of reflecting history, yearnings and social life of its speakers. In conclusion, the newspaper served effectively to spread and defend the communist ideology for the workers of the region at the beginning of the 50's. / A presente pesquisa, intitulada “Memórias sobre o ideário comunista em Catalão/GO no jornal ‘O Catalão’ (1953)”, alicerça-se nos estudos do léxico e na sua inter-relação com a identidade e a memória. Fundamenta-se, principalmente, na premissa de que por meio do léxico é possível acessar parte dos rastros da história e da vida de um povo. Definimos como corpus para a realização deste trabalho seis edições do jornal catalano, denominado “O Catalão”, datado do ano de 1953, que apresentamos em edições fac-símiles e transcritas. Os dados levantados consideraram as 50 lexias mais recorrentes e foram analisadas buscando entender como reportam o ideário comunista. Para auxiliar nessa constatação de que o léxico carrega essas marcas, conforme conjecturávamos, propomos inventariar as principais lexias e as construções linguísticas em que estão inseridas, para, assim, facilitar as nossas análises e constatações. Agrupamos as lexias e as construções linguísticas em três principais assuntos: “Relações de Trabalho”, “Políticas Internacionais e Nacionais” e “Desenvolvimento e Situação Político- econômica”. Os resultados, alcançados a partir da análise dos inventários lexicais e de sua frequência de ocorrência ao longo do corpus, corroboraram-nos a propriedade da língua de refletir a história, os anseios e a vida social de seus falantes. Concluímos que o jornal serviu eficazmente ao difundir e defender o ideário comunista para os trabalhadores da região catalana, no começo dos anos de [19]50.

This dissertation deals with The Society for the Renovation of Lidice in years 1945-1960 and shows its place in a wider history context. After introduction part the relationship between The Society and village Lidice is defined, but in this case it is very important to make a difference between old and new, post-war Lidice. Both of them were represented in a poetry, which is brought to attention then. The main part of dissertation, which results in the first place from the archive materials and post-war press, deals with problematic interrelationships between The Society and offices of a state administration and with a specification of a main purpose of The Society, which was a granting new homes for Lidice and Ležáky returned citizens. Then it is explained an influence of the Communist Party and its ideology on The Society and Lidice and it newly takes base on description of local basic organizations of the Communist Party and National Front and on an analyse of ideologically important topics. A final reflection deals with a place of new Lidice in a collective memory. KEYWORDS The Society for Renovation of Lidice, new Lidice, women of Lidice, national committee, centralization, communist ideology, poetry, memory