Injuries are one of the leading causes of death for individuals in Canada. Most injuries are predictable and preventable events that may be reduced by health promotion and injury prevention strategies. In particular, boating fatalities are a leading cause of injury death for men, particularly Aboriginal men, in northern Canada. Despite decades of water safety campaigns, Aboriginal men remain overrepresented in boating fatality statistics. Elevated rates of boating fatalities for Aboriginal men in northern Canada indicate that current water safety messages and initiatives may not be reaching those most vulnerable to boating incidents. My thesis, which is written in the publishable paper format and is comprised of two papers, investigates Aboriginal men’s boating incidents in Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada. In paper one, I use a community-based participatory research methodology informed by postcolonial feminist theory to investigate the risk factors that Aboriginal male residents identified as contributing to boating incidents in Inuvik, Northwest Territories. Together, we found that sex and gender, age, place, and lack of boating safety education are the most prominent risk factors for boating incidents. In paper two, I argue that community members are key holders of local knowledge and their expertise should thus be drawn upon by academic researchers and health programmers for the co-creation of injury prevention programs. In it, I provide an overview of the process that led to the co-creation of a boating education poster campaign in Inuvik. Together, the two papers in this thesis demonstrate that community-based strategies should be employed to address health inequities in boating incidents faced by Aboriginal men in the Northwest Territories.

The main aim of the thesis Community based approaches to development of municipalities is to evaluate the extent and quality of the use of community and participatory approaches to planning of development in the current decision-making at the local level. The first part focuses on the introduction of the theoretical concepts whose real application is shown on practical examples of Czech and foreign experience. Community methods do not have a long tradition in the Czech Republic and the transfer of the experience from the western world allows a further development in this area. The second part of the thesis is focused on participatory approaches in more detail, known and most commonly used methods of public involvement in planning and decision making, describes a participatory process, its troubles and problematical points. There is a case study included in the thesis focused on evaluation of the approach of the Prague 10 municipality to engage the population, its impact and consequences.

Magister Artium - MA / Ethiopia is a country well endowed with a number of development related NGOs who have been involved in socio-economic development at national, regional and grassroots level. In a country like Ethiopia, where natural and man-made hazards persist, NGOs play a crucial role in terms of reducing poverty and other human sufferings. As one of the non-governmental organizations, the Ethiopian Kale Heywot Church Development Program (EKHCDP) has played an important role in supporting and encouraging the development aspirations of local communities in the areas of environmental rehabilitation, water and sanitation, agriculture, health, education, credit and saving schemes.The study focused on the Ethiopian Kale Heywot Church community development program in five selected project areas, namely Lambuda, Durame, Shashamane, Debraziet and Nazret. The analysis subsequently examined the nature and extent of community participation in the project planning, implementation and decision-making phases. Thereafter, the study brought into focus general observations gleaned from the investigation and provides recommendation to the EKHC and other stakeholders that have been involved in development activities. Quantitative and qualitative methods of research have been applied throughout the investigation. Accordingly, observation, in depth interviews, focus group discussions and structured and semi-structured questionnaires were used to gather information. The qualitative mode was employed to gather socially dynamic information on issues relating to beneficiaries’ perceptions of processes in order to gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics at play. On the other hand, the quantitative mode was used to test variables related to the research problem. The findings indicate that the Ethiopian Kale Heywot Church development program has played a significant role in terms of community development. Moreover, its development approach is responsive to local needs and able to mobilize local and external resources to support the poor, so that through empowerment and participation they will be released from the deprivation trap that they find themselves in. The study also indicates that the EKHCDP has good linkages and networks with other communities and partners. However, the study indicated that the intensity of community participation in decision-making is still low in certain cases. Meanwhile, the beneficiaries did not show a clear understanding of aspects such as project ownership. Finally, this study recommends that genuine community participation should be maintained because it is the core activity contributing to beneficiary empowerment and grassroots institutional capacity building and an essential ingredient for self-reliance and project sustainability. / South Africa

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / Community participation and awareness in disaster risk management is widely recognized as a cornerstone for disaster risk reduction and effective response and recovery strategies. This goes parallel with the world paradigm shift form relief and response to prevention and mitigation. There is gradually increase of fire and floods in informal settlements and Khayelitsha TR- Section in particular. “From 1995-2005 more than 8554 informal dwelling fire incidents occurred in Cape Town alone, affecting 40 558 households and around 160 000 peoples" (DiMP, 2008). And in 2007 alone floods affected 8,000 households and 38 residents in the Cape Town informal settlement of Khayelitsha; Bongani TR-Section and Phillippi; Phola park (Bouchard et al, 2007). This study analyzed community participation and awareness mechanisms in disaster risk management, its implementation, practice and effectiveness, following the promulgation of the Disaster Management Act No 57 of 2002, taking Khayelitsha TR- Section as a case study. In order to achieve the stated objectives, the researcher employed a combination of both qualitative and quantitative research paradigms. In qualitative context semi-structured interviews were conducted with the key informants disaster management officials and Khayelitsha TR-Section ward structure officials. Quantitative method, 100 structured questionnaires were distributed to Khayelitsha TR-Section residents. Using Khayelitsha TR- Section as a case study the thesis argues that despite the enabling policy and resource allocation for community participation and awareness its implementation proved to be a failure. Most of the mechanisms directed by the act are not implemented and those implemented its practice is not effective to achieve its stated objectives of risk reduction and effective response and recovery to disaster incidents. The study reviewed literature and theories of community participation and awareness in disaster risk management. It reviewed and outlined a policy framework and institutional arrangement for community participation and awareness in disaster risk management in accordance with the Disaster Management Act (No 57 of 2002). It further determined the level of community participation and awareness mechanism implementation. Records the level of community awareness and understanding, it determines the effectiveness of community participation and awareness mechanisms and finally based on the empirical results, literature reviews and theories, the study provides a number of recommendations to enhance and improved of community participation and awareness to disaster risk management officials and policy makers.

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / People with disabilities (PWD) often come from disadvantaged communities and struggle to access health and rehabilitation, education and employment. This leads to poorer health outcomes, lower education achievements, and higher rate of unemployment in comparison to people without disabilities. Therefore there is a need to empower PWD to remove all barriers which prevent them from participating in all aspects of their communities. In South Africa, 5% of the population is disabled and in a worldwide review conducted on access to rehabilitation services, it was reported that South Africa provided 21% to 40% of the disabled population with rehabilitation services. In 2012 the Department of Health (DOH) trained a new cadre of community health worker (CHW) in the field of rehabilitation in order to improve PWDs‘ access to health services. As a result, health professionals in the Western Cape became concerned about the role of this new cadre of rehabilitation care worker in PHC and CBS. The aim of this study was therefore to explore health professionals‘ perceptions of the newly trained rehabilitation care workers (RCWs). Q methodology was selected as an appropriate research design to meet the objectives of this study as it can be used to analyse opinions, perceptions and attitudes. The study population consisted of all the health professionals who engaged with the RCWs in the clinical workplace during their clinical practice module. A convenient sample of sixteen health professionals participated in this study. Ethics approval was obtained to conduct this study and all participants gave written consent to participate in this study. The researcher gathered all the viewpoints of the health professionals regarding the new rehabilitation care workers (RCWs) by conducting focus group discussions and document analysis. Statements were then drawn up based on the health professionals' viewpoints. The participants then ranked these statements from strongly agree to strongly disagree on a Q data score grid, in a process called Q sorting. The completed Q data score grids, called Q sorts, were then entered into PQMethod software programme for statistical and factor analysis. From the results of this Q analysis, two factors emerged which were analysed and interpreted. A factor is representative of participants with similar opinions. The participants loading onto Factor one and Factor two shared similar opinions of the RCWs. The results indicated that the participants were of the opinion that RCWs‘ role would be to strengthen primary health care (PHC) and community-based rehabilitation (CBR) and promote the participation of PWD in society. The results suggested that the RCWs were capable of improving the quality of life of PWD by empowering PWD to become actively involved in all aspects of community life. The participants felt that the RCWs would be included in the health system by working at intermediate care centres (facility-based) and in the community (home-based). However, the participants agreed that the RCWs must work under the direct supervision of qualified health professionals. Participants loading onto Factor one and Factor two further agreed that RCWs worked well in the structured environment of intermediate care health facilities. They felt that it would be beneficial for RCWs to be employed at these health facilities as the RCWs reduced the workload of the health professionals. From the results, it was also found that health professionals were of the opinion that the RCWs displayed positive attitudes and good professional behaviour in the clinical environment. Health professionals however identified gaps in the knowledge of the RCWs and a lack of skills to perform certain tasks. However, health professionals agreed that the RCWs' skills will develop and improve with time and exposure. This study showed that health professionals had positive perceptions of the RCWs and this could indicate that RCWs will be well accepted by health professionals as part of the PHC team. This could lead to the effective utilisation of RCWs in community-based rehabilitation. Recommendations can be made to the developers and implementers of the RCW training curriculum to make adjustments to the curriculum so as to address the lack of knowledge and skills in certain aspects of health and disability. It can further be recommended that South Africa's National DOH capitalise on these positive perceptions and train more RCWs to extend rehabilitation and health services to more underserved communities. This will assist the South African Government in ensuring that more PWD receive rehabilitation and become included in all aspects of their communities as is envisaged in the 2020/2030 health plan.

Orientador: Rosana Teresa Onocko Campos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T16:43:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_MariaAuxiliadoraCampos_M.pdf: 996107 bytes, checksum: cf367593481b2ccf35203bef486482bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O estudo tem como objetivo reconhecer quais são os avanços e as limitações experimentados por profissionais que atuam em um CAPS AD, no município de Campinas/SP, no processo de pesquisar a utilização de medicamentos em seu próprio espaço de trabalho por meio do Apoio Matricial. A questão do apoio surge de uma demanda dos próprios profissionais, quando iniciam na própria instituição que trabalham um estudo a respeito da utilização de medicamentos em 2011. Nesse contexto, a autora desse trabalho partir da posição de pesquisadora-apoiadora. Essa é uma pesquisa qualitativa participativa, com o olhar da Análise Institucional e da Abordagem Hermenêucias para análise do material. A pesquisa dos profissionais-pesquisadores revelou-se como a exploração da estratégia participativa contribui como potencial formador dos profissionais no processo de pesquisar sua prática. O estudo também contribuiu com a construção coletiva do conceito de Apoio Matricial em Pesquisa Científica. Metodologia que fomentou a formação profissional e o "empoderamento" dos profissionais-pesquisadores dentro da pesquisa intervenção / Abstract: The study aims to recognize what are the advances and limitations experienced by professionals working in a CAPSad, in Campinas/SP, in the research process of medications use in its own workspace through the Matrix Support. The support issue arises from the own professionals demand, when they started, at the same institution they work in, a study on the use of medications in 2011. In this context, the author of this work initiates from the researcher-supportive position. This is a participatory qualitative research, with the look of the Institutional Analysis and the Hermeneutics Approach to analyze the material. The professionals-researchers survey turned out to be as the participatory strategy exploration of contribution to professionals forming potential in the process of researching its practice. The study also contributed to the collective construction of the Matrix Support concept in Scientific Research. Methodology which promoted the professional formation and the "empowerment" of professionals- researchers within the intervention research / Mestrado / Política, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde / Mestra em Saúde Coletiva

Compared to other kinds of caregivers, caregivers of persons living with dementia (PwD) are at higher risk of experiencing social isolation, emotional distress, and depressive symptoms which can adversely affect their psychosocial well-being. This study uses longitudinal data and multilevel modeling to explore trajectories of change over the course of a choir intervention in affect, social engagement, and caregiver distress. A multilevel coupled model of change was employed to examine two time-varying associations within-person and between-persons: (1) the association between social activities and affect, and (2) the association between caregiver distress and affect. The social activities coupling model (between-persons) found that increasing engagement in social activities was significantly associated with an increase in positive affect. The caregiver distress coupling model (within-person) found that higher levels of caregiver distress were significantly associated with decreases in positive affect. The caregiver distress coupling model (between-persons) found that higher levels of caregiver distress were significantly associated with increases in negative affect. The choir intervention may have a positive impact on caregiver psychosocial well-being but there are many factors to consider (i.e., dementia trajectory) that influence psychosocial well-being. This study advances our understanding of the impact of an arts-based intervention (i.e., community-based choir) as a source of support for caregivers of PwD. Findings can inform efforts to develop community art-based programs to support family caregivers. / Graduate / 2021-12-10

No description available.

Master of Public Health - MPH / Community health workers (CHWs) are integral to improve Primary health care (PHC) coverage, utilising their unique skills within the community to make services accessible and equitable. PHC is the cornerstone of the National Health Insurance (NHI) Bill for the provision of Universal Health Care (UHC). The Department of Health (DOH) in the Western Cape, South Africa, has set priorities and requirements for the provision of funding to Non-profit organisations (NPOs) for forming coalitions with the Health Department to deliver various aspects of health care. The post-2015 agenda of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are underscored by a strong sense of intersectoral collaboration to work together to attain sufficient and sustainable progress. Collaboration between CHWs and PHC facilities is important in aligning goals and activities to ensure a comprehensive and sustainable approach to ensuring UHC

Thesis (M.A. (Nursing)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Background: The utilization of primary health care (PHC) facilities has declined as most patients are using the hospitals for minor ailments. The study aimed to investigate factors that contribute to non-utilization of PHC services by the community in Greater Tzaneen Municipality, Mopani District, Limpopo Province. Methodology: quantitative research method was used, and data was collected using self-designed questionnaire. Total of 101 respondents out of 135 population participated in the study. Simple random sampling was used. The questionnaire was piloted to ensure reliability in a different setting. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. The outcome of the analysis was presented as frequencies and percentages in tables, pie charts and bar graphs. Ethical standards were adhered to throughout the study. Results: Demographic results indicated that the most of the respondents were females, aged between 26-35 years, speak the Sepedi language unemployed, went up to secondary school level using public transport, and have used their local clinic before more than. Many indicated that they have visited the hospital for reasons other than maternal and child health, chronic diseases and medication and minor illnesses. 25 factors recorded and the respondents reported six major factors that contributed to non-utilizing their PHC services. Factors included long queues and waiting times, no drugs and essential medication, PHC not operating for 24 hours and not operating for 7 days per week and nurses’ negative attitudes toward the community. Conclusions: Demographic results did not impact on the non-utilization of PHC services, but community-related, administrative factors and health-related factors contributed to non-utilization of PHC services