Submitted by Luciana Martins (luckianas@gmail.com) on 2018-01-23T17:20:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE DE DOUTORADO-LUCIANA CONCEIÇÃO DE ALMEIDA MARTINS.pdf: 13128569 bytes, checksum: 63b3f886bbce5e88aa207d51f1b1065b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2018-01-24T11:13:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE DE DOUTORADO-LUCIANA CONCEIÇÃO DE ALMEIDA MARTINS.pdf: 13128569 bytes, checksum: 63b3f886bbce5e88aa207d51f1b1065b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T11:13:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE DE DOUTORADO-LUCIANA CONCEIÇÃO DE ALMEIDA MARTINS.pdf: 13128569 bytes, checksum: 63b3f886bbce5e88aa207d51f1b1065b (MD5) / Proet/Suprof - Uneb / A tese intitulada HISTÓRIA PÚBLICA DO QUILOMBO DO CABULA: representações de resistências em museu virtual 3D aplicada à mobilização do turismo de base comunitária prima pela proposta de aprofundamento, fundamentação e construção do conhecimento sobre a história pública da localidade do Cabula, em especial, na fase em que era quilombo. O objetivo foi desenvolver uma mediação na forma de Museu Virtual 3D do histórico quilombo do Cabula e das suas relações de resistência negra, integrada à proposta de mobilização do Turismo de Base Comunitária. Trata-se de uma pesquisa interdisciplinar, pois agrega a) pesquisa historiográfica embasada na dimensão da história pública com abordagem social; b) a contribuição dos saberes de comunitários que residem nas localidades que integram o projeto de turismo de base comunitária e c) tecnologia da informação e comunicação, representada pela proposta de desenvolvimento do museu virtual como elemento mediador do conhecimento. A metodologia adotada foi o Design Based Research - DBR, que tem como princípio a práxis, a interdisciplinaridade e a resolução de problemas. Os resultados apresentados, como o design cognitivo, a modelagem, o desenvolvimento do museu e análise da aplicação, confirmam a tese proposta de que o museu virtual em 3D, ancorado em princípios do dialogismo, socioconstrutivismo e com posicionamento de aplicabilidade da história, contribui para mediar conhecimentos entre públicos mais amplos e saberes históricos antes restritos ao meio acadêmico. / Abstract The thesis titled PUBLIC HISTORY OF QUILOMBO DO CABULA: representations of resistance in 3D virtual museum applied to the mobilization of community-based tourism is distinguished by the proposal of deepening, foundation and construction of knowledge about the public history of the locality of Cabula, especially in the phase in which It was a Quilombo. The objective was to develop mediation in the form of 3D Virtual Museum of Cabula's historical Quilombo and its relations of black resistance, integrated to the proposal of mobilization of Community-based Tourism. It is an interdisciplinary research because it adds a) historiographical research based on the dimension of the public history with social approach; b) the contribution of community knowledge of people which resid in the localities that integrate the community-based tourism project; and c) Information and Communication Technology, represented by the virtual museum development proposal as a mediating element of knowledge. The methodology adopted was the Design Based Research (DBR), which is based on praxis, interdisciplinarity and problem solving. The results presented, such as cognitive design, modeling, museum development and application analysis, confirm the thesis proposal that the 3D virtual museum, anchored in principles of dialogism, socioconstrutivism and with a positioning of the applicability of history, helps to mediate the Knowledge among broader audiences and historical knowledge previously restricted to the academic community.

LIMA, Vanessa Luana Oliveira. Desenvolvimento para a vida: os sentidos do turismo comunitário em Caetanos de Cima, no assentamento Sabiaguaba - Amontada/CE. 2010. 228 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Fortaleza-CE, 2010 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-05-11T12:43:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_vlolima.pdf: 4309153 bytes, checksum: 346920aad1deea0c6272aed5a61a3f84 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-05-11T12:43:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_vlolima.pdf: 4309153 bytes, checksum: 346920aad1deea0c6272aed5a61a3f84 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-11T12:43:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_vlolima.pdf: 4309153 bytes, checksum: 346920aad1deea0c6272aed5a61a3f84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / This study examines the meanings of the community-based tourism to the Caetanos de Cima fishermen and agriculturists community, localized in the littoral of Amontada, estate of Ceará, linking the principles of this activity to the political, environmental, social and cultural dynamics of the community. It also presents a short historical about the constitution of Rede Tucum – Community-Based Tourism Network of Ceará and the principles of Turisol – Community-Based Tourism Network of Brazil. The methodology consisted in visits and observation about the local practices, semi structured interviews and questionnaires, and direct participation in the construction of the local community-based tourism experience and also in the regional and national community-based tourism networks presented. The conclusion explain about the specificities of Caetanos de Cima and his contribution to build the concept of community-based tourism through his craving and political experience that gives a different meaning to the word development – linking it to felicity – and also about the main challenges and virtuousness of the tourism activity in practice today at the community. / Discute os significados do turismo comunitário para a comunidade de pescadores e agricultores de Caetanos de Cima, localizada no litoral do município de Amontada, estado do Ceará, relacionando os princípios deste à dinâmica política, ambiental e sociocultural existente. Também apresenta brevemente um histórico da constituição da Rede Tucum – Rede de Turismo Comunitário do Ceará e os princípios associados à Rede Turisol – Rede Brasileira de Turismo Comunitário. A metodologia se constituiu em visitas e observação das práticas cotidianas, entrevistas semiestruturadas e aplicação de questionários, além de participação em diferentes momentos da construção da experiência de turismo local e das redes estadual e nacional apresentadas. As conclusões versam sobre as especificidades de Caetanos de Cima e sua contribuição para a formulação do conceito de turismo comunitário a partir dos anseios e experiência política que dão sentido diferenciado ao desenvolvimento – relacionando-o à felicidade – bem como sobre os principais desafios e fortalezas do empreendimento turístico ora implantado pela comunidade.

The overall aim of this qualitative study is to investigate the area of new sustainable tourism in theory and practice. The theoretical part, which consisted of a literature study, was made to help find the essence of new sustainable tourism. To bring out tourisms impact on society and environment in practice, a case study was made during an excursion with Södertörn University College to Babati in Tanzania. Semi structured interviews were held with people in Babati. The excursion is being evaluated according to WTO’s sustainable tourism development guidelines and management practices, and finally, these guidelines are analysed. The result of the literature study showed that there is no absolute true core in new sustainable tourism. It is a highly subjective judgment if a tourism venture is sustainable or not, depending on personal values, ideology and personal interests. There is features commonly associated and used in new sustainable tourism, like the sustainability of the three pillars of sustainable development, and the focus on the local, educational and conservational effects, but the essence is subjective. The evaluation of the excursion showed that it is by two third a sustainable tourism venture. It is the economic part that fails, since the guidelines put much focus on stable employments and frequency; ingredients that the excursion lacks. The analysis of the WTO guidelines resulted in confusion. They could be both very useful, but also very poor, according to how they were interpreted and used. The results highly depend on the user. Positive is that the guidelines address all pillars of sustainable development equal, and that the interaction between host and guest gets highlighted. Shortages are that the guidelines lack a gender perspective, a historical and political sensibility, a place specific flexibility and a perspective of inter- and intra-generational equity.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-30T15:22:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) CAPA DURA - Dissertação - Juliana Roberta 21-10.pdf: 3282346 bytes, checksum: 65ca194b2f1f5b5b160f1565d3f82479 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-30T15:22:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) CAPA DURA - Dissertação - Juliana Roberta 21-10.pdf: 3282346 bytes, checksum: 65ca194b2f1f5b5b160f1565d3f82479 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-28 / A finalidade dessa investigação foi analisar a sustentabilidade social em destino turístico de base comunitária por meio de indicadores de sustentabilidade, a fim de se constatar, ou não, a existência de ganhos sociais. O arcabouço teórico consultado foi guiado pela relação conceitual existente entre sustentabilidade social e o turismo de base comunitária, além da necessidade da construção de indicadores sociais de sustentabildade que permitissem averiguar empiricamente a existência de ganhos sociais em destinos turísticos dessa natureza. A Prainha do Canto Verde, localizada no Município de Beberibe-CE, caracterizada como uma comunidade de pescadores, representa o lócus de estudo escolhido. A abordagem deste trabalho é qualitativa. Os métodos empregados foram pesquisa bibiográfica e estudo de caso descritivo. Para coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, observação direta e levantamento bibliográfico. Os principais resultados da pesquisa são: i) a identificação de 6 categorias de análise: saúde, educação, trabalho, coesão social, protagonismo e valorização da cultura local; ii) o desenvolvimento de um conjunto de 38 indicadores construídos a partir da literatura sobre indicadores de sustentabilidade para destinos turísticos, e a contrução de parâmetros de análise que permite classificar o indicador como ganho social, ou não; e iii) saúde, protagonismo e valorização cultural são as categorias de análise que apresentaram mais ganhos sociais. Por fim, embora as disputas existentes após a criação da Reseva Extrativista tenha originado focos de disputa na localidade, este trabalho aponta para um retrato positivo acerca dos ganhos sociais na Prainha do Canto Verde, conforme exposto nos resultados deste trabalho. / The goal of this research is to analyze social sustainability in community-based tourist destinations by means of sustainability indicators in order to confirm the existence (or not) of social gains. The consulted theoretical framework was guided by the conceptual relationship existing between social sustainability and community-based tourism and also by the need to establish social sustainability indicators that enable the empirical assessment of social gains in tourist destinations of this nature. Prainha do Canto Verde (Canto Verde Beach), located in Beberibe municipality, in the State od Ceará (CE), a fishermen community, represents the location chosen for this study. The approach of this work is qualitative. The employed methods are bibliographical research and descriptive case study. The methods used fo data collection include semi-structured interviews, direct observation and bibliographical survey. The main results of the research are i) identification of 6 categories for analysis: health, education, work, social cohesion, social leadership and appreciation of local culture; ii)development of an assemble of 38 indicators based on the existing literature about sustainability indicators for tourist destination and the establishment of analysis parameters which allow the indicators as social gain or not; and iii) health, social leadership and cultural appreciation are the analysis categories that present most social gains. Finally, even though the creation of the Extractive Reserve generated disputes within the area, this work points towards a positive portrait of the social gains in Prainha do Canto Verde, according to the results of this work.

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo geral analisar experiências de turismo de base comunitária existentes na Região Metropolitana de Manaus, considerando aspectos socioespaciais. Como objetivos específicos pretendeu contextualizar, a partir das experiências do Brasil e da América Latina, as experiências de turismo de base comunitária do Amazonas, em especial da Região Metropolitana de Manaus; bem como, sugerir mecanismos que colaborem para a implementação de políticas públicas em torno do turismo de base comunitária como mais uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento econômico e social da região Amazônica. Para sua concretização, foram feitos levantamentos bibliográficos em fontes secundárias, pesquisa de campo e registro fotográfico. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram quinze comunidades tradicionais presentes em alguns dos oito municípios que integram a Região Metropolitana de Manaus (Careiro da Várzea, Iranduba, Itacoatiara, Manacapuru, Manaus, Novo Airão, Presidente Figueiredo e Rio Preto da Eva). Os resultados obtidos revelam, entre outros aspectos, que a maior parte delas está em área rural, no interior de uma unidade de conservação e em terra firme, tendo a conquista da terra se dado por meio da posse. Como conclusão da pesquisa, verificamos que, quanto à organização espacial, a maioria das comunidades está localizada nos municípios de Manaus e Iranduba, sendo poucas, porém, as experiências dentro da Região Metropolitana de Manaus que caminham para uma proposta de turismo de base comunitária, e quando comparadas a outras experiências da América Latina e do Brasil, mostram-se bastante desarticuladas. Sugerimos, enquanto ações para efetivação da modalidade do turismo de base comunitária na região Amazônica, políticas públicas integradas entre as distintas esferas do poder público, adotando-se posturas mais participativas no que diz respeito a comunidades tradicionais que desejam trabalhar com esta prática social e econômica, por meio de programas e projetos que primem, essencialmente, pela participação das comunidades no planejamento dessa atividade. / This study had as general objective to analyze some experiences of community base tourism in the Metropolitan Region of Manaus, taking into consideration the socio-spatial aspects. It had as specific objectives to contextualize, from the experiences of Brazil and Latin America, besides the experiences of community base tourism in the Amazon, particularly in the Metropolitan Region of Manaus; and to suggest mechanisms that collaborate to the implementation of the public policies concerning to the community base tourism as an alternative to the economic and social development in the Amazon Region. For its implementation, they were made literature surveys on secondary sources, a field research and a photographic record. The individuals involved in the research were fifteen traditional communities present in some of the eight municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Manaus (Careiro da Várzea, Iranduba, Itacoatiara, Manacapuru, Manaus, New Airão, Presidente Figueiredo and Rio Preto da Eva). The results showed, among other aspects, that most of them are in the rural area inside an area of preservation and on land too; it is relevant to mention that the conquest of the land was given for possession. During the survey, as a conclusion, we could verify that most communities are located in Manaus and Iranduba; however with few experiences within the Metropolitan Region of Manaus which go for a proposal of community base tourism. In addition, when they are compared to other experiences in Latin America and other regions of Brazil, they appear very disjointed. This way, we suggest as actions to the effectuation of the modality of community base tourism in the Amazon Region that the public policies integrated between the different spheres of the government, adopting more participatory attitudes regarding to traditional communities which wish to work with this social and economic activity, through programs and projects that value primarily for the participation of the communities during the planning of this activity.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-15T14:40:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Maíra Batista Braga_UFPE_PRODEMA_2015.pdf: 5024302 bytes, checksum: bd6776c1fc5bc9919f8cb3bd110e5a6a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-15T14:40:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Maíra Batista Braga_UFPE_PRODEMA_2015.pdf: 5024302 bytes, checksum: bd6776c1fc5bc9919f8cb3bd110e5a6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-16 / CAPES / Turismo de Base Comunitária (TBC) é um tema relativamente recente nos estudos científicos, que tem recebido ênfase nos últimos dez anos, já que no mundo inteiro tem sido tendência a busca pela prática de um turismo contextualizado localmente, com respeito ao ambiente natural e às culturas locais. O TBC, que segue a perspectiva socioambiental, do desenvolvimento justo e equilibrado e tem como principal característica a inclusão e o protagonismo das comunidades locais, gerando benefícios para as localidades, surge como um contraponto ao turismo de massa e globalizado. No Brasil, o turismo no litoral nordestino tem sido historicamente desenvolvido de forma excludente e massificada, com a presença de grandes empreendimentos turísticos, muitas vezes internacionais, que alteram localidades onde se instalam, gerando perdas de identidade e de territórios. Em reação a este modelo de turismo convencional, que muitas vezes é incentivado pelas políticas públicas, algumas comunidades locais têm se organizado para empreender o TBC, por vezes de forma associativa, gerando territórios turísticos diferenciados, onde o turismo é complementar às atividades tradicionais e busca proporcionar experiências positivas para as comunidades locais e visitantes. Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar como ocorrem os processos de instalação e desenvolvimento do TBC em regiões litorâneas do Nordeste brasileiro. Para tanto, foram escolhidas para estudo e análise três iniciativas de TBC, tratando também das suas relações e interfaces com a dinâmica socioambiental das localidades: a Cooperativa Náutica Ambiental, em Tamandaré, Litoral Sul de Pernambuco; a Associação dos Condutores do Turismo de Observação do Peixe-Boi Marinho, em Porto de Pedras, Litoral Norte de Alagoas; e a Associação de Turismo de Meio Ambiente e Cultura, na praia de Ponta Grossa, em Icapuí, Litoral Leste cearense. Essa pesquisa é de cunho exploratório e caracteriza-se como qualitativa, com visão interdisciplinar, uma vez que trata das múltiplas dimensões dos processos e resultados do TBC, numa abordagem dialética, por analisar contextos históricos e sociais. Para atender ao objetivo, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas e em sites e visitas às três localidades, nas quais foram feitas observações, registros fotográficos, vivências dos serviços turísticos oferecidos pelas comunidades, entrevistas semiestruturadas junto aos presidentes das associações e cooperativa e junto aos representantes das secretarias de turismo municipais, oficinas participativas junto a associados e cooperados, além de conversas informais com atores sociais diversos que fazem parte das realidades locais, relacionados direta ou indiretamente ao turismo. Com o uso da metodologia análise de conteúdo, foram feitas análises sobre as práticas das três iniciativas, a partir do estabelecimento de relações entre parâmetros de sustentabilidade e princípios do TBC. As iniciativas de TBC podem surgir a parir de um conflito socioambiental ou a partir de empreendedorismo. Ora iniciam por um movimento próprio, ora com o incentivo e apoio de organizações parceiras; podendo ser mais isoladas e autossuficientes ou manter-se em diálogo com o turismo convencional. Tendo em vista que os processos de implantação e de desenvolvimento de TBC vivenciam contextos territoriais e históricos distintos, com realidades sociais, econômicas, culturais, ecológicas, políticas e vocações turísticas diferentes, também os resultados são diferenciados, apresentando níveis variados de sustentabilidade. Observa-se que o TBC tem sido uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento local sustentável, minimizando ameaças de perda de territórios e identidades, e ao mesmo tempo gerando renda local, valorização da cultura e identidade local e conservação ambiental. / Community Based tourism (CBT) is a quite recent topic in scientific studies, that has been receiving emphasis for the last ten years, considering that, in the whole world, there has been a tendency to search for a locally based tourism, with respect towards the natural environment and to the local cultures. CBT, that follows the environmental perspective, with the correct and balanced development and has as main characteristic the inclusion and the local communities role, bringing benefits to the locations, appears as a counterpoint to the mass and globalized tourism. In Brazil, the tourism in the northeast coast has been historically developed as a mass and exclusive way, with the presence of big touristic enterprises, often international, that modify locations where they are installed, generating identity and territory losses. In reaction to this conventional touristic model, which is often encouraged by the public policies, some local communities have organized themselves to undertake the CBT, usually in an associative way, generating different touristic territories, where the tourism is complementary to the traditional activities and seeks to provide positive experiences to the local communities and visitors. This research aims to analyze how the installation process and the CBT development occurs in coast regions in Brazilian Northeast. For this purpose, three CBT initiatives have been chosen for study, also regarding their relations and interfaces with the locations environmental dynamic: the Cooperativa Náutica Ambiental (Nautical Environmental Bussiness cooperation), in Tamandaré, South Coast of Pernambuco; the Associação dos condutores do Turismo de Observação do Peixe-Boi Marinho (Manatee Observation Tourism Conductors Association), in Porto de Pedras, North Coast of Alagoas; and the Associação de Turismo de Meio Ambiente e Cultura (Environment and Culture Tourism Association), in Ponta Grossa’s Beach, in Icapuí, East Coast of Ceará. This research is exploratory and is characterized as qualitative, with interdisciplinary vision, since it treats the multiple dimensions of the processes and results of CBT, in a dialectical approach, by analyzing historical and social contexts. To attend the objective, bibliographical and website researchs have been realized along with visits to the three locations, in which have been realized: observations, photographic reports, touristic services experiences offered by the communities, semistructured interviews with the presidents of the associations and business cooperations and with the representatives in the municipal tourism departments, workshops with the associated and cooperated, besides informal conversations with various social actors that are part of the local reality, directly or indirectly related to tourism. Using the content analysis methodology, analyses have been done about practices in the three initiatives, from the establishment of relations between sustainable parameters and CBT principles. The CBT initiatives can appear from an environmental conflict or entrepreneurship. Sometimes, they start because of a reason itself, sometimes with encouragement and support of partner organizations; sometimes being more isolated and self-sufficient or keep in dialogue with the conventional tourism. Given that the implementation and development processes of CBT experience different territorial and historical contexts, with different social, economical, cultural, ecological, political and touristic vocations realities, also the results are different, presenting various levels of sustainability. It is noted that CBT has been an alternative to the sustainable local development, minimizing threats and identity and territory losses, and, at the same time, generating local income, culture appreciation and local identity and environmental conservation.

Community-based tourism (CBT), according to Dodds, R. Ali, A. & Galaski, K. (2016), has historically been developed based on a host community’s assets and objectives due to the fact that the "core of CBT planning has been to determine how best to use it as a development tool." As a result, the established CBT development model typically prioritizes community potential as supply at the expense of the market potential of tourism (demand), disregarding to a certain extent the commercial aspects of tourism. From this perspective, questions regarding product strategy, idea generation, business analysis, and how cross-sectoral knowledge production and exchange can strengthen the sustainability and viability of the CBT product have not yet been fully answered in academic literature. This paper builds on the academic literature regarding market access and is further supported by interviews and participant observation conducted in Brazil. This research indicates that these analyses should be complemented with additional questions about product development, capacity-building, knowledge co-production, collaborative networking, and more. The business life cycle of CBT could be considered a foundational pillar in understanding the business viability of community-based tourism projects, and therefore, the expected findings of this study include the proposal of an amended CBT model and practical recommendations that may be implemented into existing CBT projects. / Le tourisme communautaire (CBT), selon Dodds, R. Ali, A. et Galaski, K. (2016), a été largement développé sur la base des atouts et des objectifs d'une communauté en raison du fait que le en raison du fait que “le cœur de la planification de le tourisme communautaire a été de déterminer la meilleure façon de l'utiliser comme outil de développement” (p. 16). En conséquence, le développement du CBT a donné la priorité au potentiel communautaire (offre) au détriment du potentiel touristique (demande), sans tenir compte, dans une certaine mesure, des aspects commerciaux du tourisme. Dans cette perspective, les questions concernant la stratégie de produit, la génération d'idées, l'analyse commerciale et les moyens par lesquels la production et l'échange de connaissances intersectorielles peuvent renforcer la durabilité et la viabilité du produit CBT n'ont pas encore trouvé de réponse complète dans la littérature universitaire. Bien que les analyses concernant l'accès aux marchés soient abondantes dans la littérature (Dodds et al. 2016; Mitchell & Hall, 2005; Mitchell & Muckosy, 2008; Forstner, 2004; Iorio & Corsale, 2014), cet article, informé par des entretiens semi-structurés et l'observation des participants menée pendant le séjour de deux ans de l'auteur au Brésil, soutient que ces analyses devraient être complétées par des questions supplémentaires sur le développement de produits, la formation des capacités, la coproduction de connaissances, le réseautage collaboratif et plus encore. Le cycle de vie des entreprises du tourisme communautaire pourrait être considéré comme un pilier fondamental de la compréhension de la viabilité commerciale des projets de tourisme communautaire, et par conséquent, les conclusions attendues de cette étude incluent la proposition d'un modèle CBT modifié et des recommandations pratiques qui pourraient être mises en œuvre. dans les projets CBT existants. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This study incorporated a community based assessment with a focus on community based tourism in Kalache and Hulgol, India. Kalache and Hulgol are two agrarian based communities located in the environmentally significant region of the Western Ghats. Each of these communities has considered community based tourism as a means to reduce urban youth outmigration, to diversify economic resources, and to encourage the empowerment of women. The primary goals of this study were to understand the community issues and objectives, to determine the level of support for tourism development, to determine participant attitudes toward tourism, and to determine the obstacles to tourism development. The findings of this project address the complexity of operating in the tourism industry, the impacts of tourism, and the use of community based tourism models in support of sustainable tourism.

This study explored the feasibility of developing community-based homestay tourism in Nigeria. Stakeholder theory was used to develop a strategy to ideally develop homestay tourism in the local communities, using Old Oyo National Park in Oyo State as a case study context. The approach entails assessing practicability and acceptability, the operational feasibility, and the potential outcome of developing community-based homestay tourism. A qualitative research design was deployed to capture credible results for this study, which entailed engaging tourism stakeholders through a focus group discussion data collection method conducted via Zoom. The participants were purposefully selected based on their experience in the tourism industry and their willingness to participate in the study. The various groups of stakeholders who provided data during the focus group discussion were academia, tour operators, NGOs, and local community stakeholder groups, respectively. The results showed that Nigeria's tourism state is at its lowest level due to a lack of funding, government attention, and insecurity. It was confirmed that the development of community-based homestay tourism would be practicable in Nigeria provided all stakeholders collaborated to formulate enabling tourism policies, agreed to co-manage, put into consideration the plight of the locals, and ensured the locals held a relevant position within the homestay management committee, were funded, and created effective strategies to market and promote the destination. For homestay tourism to be accepted in the local communities, the benefits must be communicated to the potential operators, the local culture must be respected, and economic benefits must be shared with equity.

<p>This report is the result of the course, Environment and Development in the South, at University of Södertörn in Stockholm, Sweden. The report is about “new tourism” especially community-based tourism (CBT) and socio-cultural aspects relating to tourism. It is based on a literature study and a three weeks field course in Babati district in Northern Tanzania. The aim of this study is to describe how host peoples (communities) get affected especially, socio-culturally, by tourism. The aim is also to describe new tourism (especially CBT). A case-study of a Swedish student excursion to Babati is used as an example of how it affects a community (especially socio-cultural aspects) and if it qualifies as CBT.</p><p>The theory of the study is based on sustainable development (especially socio-cultural aspects) supported by the rules of World Tourism Organization (WTO) and United Nation Environmental Program (UNEP). The theory is connected to the principles of CBT and used in the analysis to judge if the Swedish student excursion qualifies as CBT.</p><p>The results show that the Swedish student excursion is in line with important principles of CBT, and therefore also in line with sustainable local development in some way. The major advantage with the excursion is the cross-cultural learning and the major problem is jealousness of benefit sharing according to the interviews done.</p>