No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of the study was to explore the experiences of the school community with regard to the outcomes of a school improvement program (SIP) on the effectiveness of Sidama Zone schools. It was primarily a qualitative study, which explored the experiences of the school community with regard to the outcomes of the SIP. Four schools were purposefully selected. The data were collected by means of interviews, focus-group discussions, observations and relevant documents, and analyzed focusing on thematic categories. The findings indicated that in schools where there existed a strong collaboration of the school community in the planning, decision-making, monitoring and evaluation processes, the improvement initiatives were owned by all in the school and the performance of the schools was enhanced. On the other hand, the lack of collaboration in the school community negatively affected the performance of those schools. Besides, in all the schools the CPD was challenged by the resistance of the teachers, the lack of resources and poor implementation strategies. It also became apparent that the teachers' commitment to support each other and their students, to implement active learning methods and continuous assessment contributed to the effectiveness of the better-performing schools. Findings further revealed that to the contrary, these actions were loosely implemented in the poorly-performing schools. Though the peer learning approach was implemented, it became evident that there were mixed views regarding its benefits. The availability of the necessary facilities created an environment conducive to learning in schools one and three. Although there were attempts to implement extra-curricular activities for the social and emotional development of the students, its implementation was negatively affected by a lack of coordination and resources in the schools. In the poorly-performing schools, the school environment was found not to be conducive to teaching and learning. In the better-performing schools, the feedback from the school community was used as an input to make adjustments to the improvement process, and this created a feeling of ownership that led to the effectiveness of the schools. The outcomes of the study indicated that the promotion-rate of the students to the following grade was considered as a measure of the effectiveness of the schools. Conversely, the lack of proper participation of the school community in the school’s affairs, the lack of proper leadership support, the teachers’ resistance to participate in CPD, the non-existence of training opportunities and workshops for the teachers, and the shortage of resources were reported as challenges. From the findings it has been concluded that the SIP has contributed to school effectiveness in the schools that have properly managed the change process as opposed to those schools which remained poorly performing due to low level of SIP implementation. Finally, monitoring the SIP cycles, building trust between the principals and the teachers, creating a link between the schools and other institutions, introducing recognition mechanisms, and providing support to the poorly-performing schools were indicated as strategies to enhance the effectiveness of the school. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

Thesis (MPhil (Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / This assignment presents the analysis of poor public participation in the Khomas Regional Council where there is a need for popular participation in the development initiatives and projects. Public participation, allows the public to participate in programmes and projects through established institutions and structures. The main objective of the study was to conduct three months’ internships to investigate the importance of community participation. The study envisaged assessing the effectiveness of the Council to deliver basic services such as drinking water, adequate shelter, and sanitation to the community by taking the limited resources into consideration. The study also analysed some challenges the Council is facing in the implementation of the sustainable human settlement projects. The complex and multidimensional nature of public participation is dealt with. As a result, participation can give women and other groups of people who are usually marginalized from the community activities the opportunity to influence development initiatives in their communities. In terms of design and methodology, the active participation and direct involvement as well as working with Council’s staff and the community at large formed the basis of the study. The survey on public participation conducted by Regional Council revealed that absence of public participation policy and legislation makes it difficult for Councillors to implement the public participation process. There is lack of information sharing and communication breaks down between councilors and residents. Lack of capacity building and resources for Constituency Development Committee members prevails in Khomas region. There is confusion regarding political meetings and there is also poor attendance to meetings. In addition, the study recommends that Council should forge a constant consultation and collaboration between the Regional Council and citizens. Establish mechanisms and structures through which citizens can initiate voluntary and interested groups to facilitate their participation in the Regional affairs. Create forums for meetings, workshops, seminars and conferences to discuss and debate pertinent issues. Strengthen the capacity of Regional Development Coordinating Committee (RDCC), Constituency Development Committee (CDCs) and other structures.

The concept of participation seems to reflect in most development programmes that involve people at the grassroots level. In Ghana, the introduction of the decentralization programme in the late 1980s that aimed at promoting effective, comprehensive and rapid development, more especially in the rural areas also adopted participatory approach. The approach led to the introductory of district assembly system which was to enhance the involvement of people at the grassroots in participatory activities. However, since the introduction of the decentralisation system to promote grassroots level participation, the people are still inactive and the level of involvement in development decision-making still remains weak. To clearly understand these problems, the thesis has aimed at answering the following research questions; how are rural people involved in participatory practice in the development activities in their area; what barriers affect and hinder the active participation of rural people and how could these be addressed? Answers to those questions helped to examine the nature of participation at the grassroots level; understand how the district assembly adopt participatory practice and to ascertain the nature of barriers that hinder effective participatory practice. Using a case study approach for the investigation, an interpretivists and constructivists were the philosophical underpinnings of the investigation. The data was gathered through the use of focus group discussions and one-to-one informal interviews. It was observed that, participation continues to reflect in most rural development programmes, but there are key barriers that still continue to hamper the effectiveness of participatory practice. Power relations, threats, intimidations and more especially the use of juju and witchcraft which never featured in most development literature are among the major barriers that continue to weaken local people readiness to actively participate. Most rural people feel threaten to participate for the fear of being bewitched or killed through the use of juju, witchcraft or black magical powers. Without critically and effectively addressing those bottlenecks and barriers, and put community members at the pivot of decision-making, the use of outsiders' knowledge and ideas alone to address the problems of participation with the hope of improving the lives of the rural people will not yield any significant result.

Depuis les années 1980, les projets intégrés de conservation et de développement (PICD) sont des modèles fonctionnels de développement durable. L’écotourisme est une de ces stratégies, combinant les objectifs sociaux et économiques de développement pour les populations locales dans un contexte de conservation des ressources naturelles. Cette maîtrise étudie un projet écotouristique réalisé dans la zone de transition du parc national Huascarán (Pérou) dans deux communautés quechuaphones, Vicos et Humachucco. Un PICD « réussi » combine la participation et la satisfaction des besoins de la population tout en contribuant à la conservation des écosystèmes. Cette étude a donc deux objectifs principaux : 1) une analyse de la participation pour mieux comprendre si et comment ce projet a su impliquer les populations et pour connaitre les facteurs favorisant un partenariat entre différents acteurs du projet; 2) une analyse des impacts environnementaux, économiques et socioculturels de l’écotourisme pour déterminer si les besoins des populations et les objectifs du projet ont été atteints, apportant ainsi une nouvelle dynamique à la communauté. La méthodologie combine les approches de l’écologie culturelle, de l’approche exploratoire et de l’étude de cas. Les données sont issues du terrain de recherche, soit des données écrites, de l’observation participante et des entretiens semi-dirigés. Elles ont été traitées en utilisant différentes grilles d’analyse. Les résultats démontrent que, malgré un manque de clarté et de transparence, de nombreux efforts ont permis de favoriser la participation et d’impliquer la population locale, créant des impacts économiques favorables. / Since the beginning of the 1980s, Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDP) have offered a functional model of sustainable development, and have become an attractive option for international donors. Ecotourism is one of the strategies that can be used to combine social and economic development of local communities with natural resources conservation. A successful ICDP combines community participation while meeting local peoples’ needs and sustaining ecosystems. This research analysed an ecotourism project which had been developed with two indigenous Quechua communities within the buffer zone of the Huascarán National Park in Peru. The research aimed at two main objectives: 1) an analysis of community participation in order to investigate levels and type of community involvement in the various stages of the project, and in order to find out whether or not a successful collaborative partnership has been created among the different stakeholders; 2) an analysis of the environmental, economic and socio-cultural impacts of this ecotourism initiative to determine whether communities’ needs have been addressed and to find out whether the project gave rise to innovative dynamics within the villages. The methodology employed in this study combines different approaches, such as cultural ecology, an exploratory approach and case study analysis. Field research was carried out and data were collected using semi-structured interviews, participant observation and literature analysis. Different analytical frameworks were employed for data analysis. The results of this study showed that the initiative has encouraged local participation and enhanced community involvement. However, results also revealed a lack of clarity and transparency.

Esta pesquisa versa sobre o processo de urbanização da Serra do Mar ocorrido nos bairros cota na cidade de Cubatão, no Estado de São Paulo, e se propõe analisar as mudanças sociais e a participação da comunidade no processo de intervenção governamental na área. O objeto da pesquisa é a implantação de um programa estadual de intervenção habitacional por meio de remoção de famílias que ocupavam trechos do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, áreas de risco de escorregamento e, ainda, por meio de urbanização de áreas que podem ser consolidadas e regularizadas. A urbanização foi proposta sob o amparo da participação comunitária e com a implantação de projetos sociais e analisar as mudanças sociais e a efetiva participação decorrentes desse processo é o objeto deste estudo. / This research is about deals with the social the process of urbanization of \"Serra do Mar\" in the \"bairros cota\" areas located in the city of Cubatão, state of São Paulo, and it aims to analyze social change and community participation in the process of urbanization of the area . The object focused is the actual implementation of a State Program of housing interventions through removal of families that were occupying portions of the \"Serra do Mar\" State Park as well as areas at risk of slipping; and also the urbanization ofsettlement areas that could be consolidated and legalized. Urbanization was proposed under the auspices of community participation and the implementation of social projects. Analyze social change and the effective participation in this process is the subject of this study .

Introdução A participação da comunidade, diretriz constitucional do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), foi concretizada pela criação de conselhos junto à estrutura de gestão pública em todo o país, integrando gestores, trabalhadores e usuários visando à construção coletiva das decisões, possibilitando maior envolvimento e desalienação na produção do cuidado em saúde e fazendo com que a práxis do cuidado em saúde se torne menos fragmentada e mais resolutiva. Objetivo O estudo identifica como se configuram a gestão do SUS em São Bernardo do Campo e a organização dos espaços institucionais de participação da comunidade, e suas implicações no cotidiano do processo de produção de cuidado, nos diversos níveis do sistema municipal de saúde. Método Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa que abordou a gestão participativa em São Bernardo do Campo. Os dados utilizados resultam da observação de eventos relacionados ao tema e da análise de documentos produzidos no âmbito da gestão e do controle social. Para a análise foram utilizadas as seguintes categorias: a) acesso e uso dos espaços de controle social; b) diálogos construídos entre os atores; e, c) estratégias inovadoras para mobilização da comunidade. Resultados Diversas iniciativas de participação foram identificadas como promotoras da gestão democrática, além do Conselho Municipal de Saúde, destacando-se: a) Conselhos Gestores Locais, presentes nas unidades assistenciais; b) plenárias de Orçamento Participativo, definindo prioridades para alocação de recursos; c) Encontro Popular de Saúde, contribuindo na mobilização; d) Audiências Públicas de prestação de contas e debates de projetos, favorecendo a transparência e publicidade das ações; e, e) Conferências de Saúde, avaliando e apontando as diretrizes. A produção de políticas e ações de saúde no município apresentou diversos momentos de elaboração, sendo a maioria resultante de deliberação coletiva. Quatro dimensões podem ser identificadas nesse processo: 1) Política ações governamentais e intersetoriais e captação de recursos financeiros; 2) Gestão monitoramento e construção de estratégias para enfrentamento das questões sanitárias; 3) Assistência inserida no cotidiano da atenção à saúde, principalmente consultas e procedimentos; 4) Controle popular envolve mobilização das comunidades e reivindicação por melhorias nos serviços. Discussão O exercício do controle social amplia a capacidade da sociedade civil fiscalizar o poder público, com maior acesso às informações, mas não chega a interferir de forma significativa no planejamento da política, somente em sua homologação. Desta maneira, os processos de trabalho não se transformam no sentido de tornarem-se democráticos de fato / Introduction Community participation, a constitutional guidelines of Brazils National Health System (SUS), was able due to the creation of councils in the structure of the public administration throughout the country, encompassing managers, workers and users; aiming at the collective construction of decisions, which enables greater involvement and a de-alienation in health care promotion, and making the praxis of health care be less fragmented and more efficient. Objective This paper identifies how the management of SUS in São Bernardo do Campo is structured, how institutional spaces for community participation in that city are organized, and what are their implications for the day-to-day health care promotion process in several levels of the municipal health system. Method It refers to a qualitative research that addressed the participatory management in the city of São Bernardo do Campo. The data used result from the observation of events related to the theme and from the examination of documents produced in the management and social control areas. To make an analysis the following categories were used: a) access and use of social control spaces; b) dialogs constructed between actors; and c) innovative strategies for mobilizing communities. Results Several participation initiatives were identified as promoters of democratic management, besides the Municipal Health Council, highlighting: a) Local Managing Councils, present in the assistance units; b) plenary sessions on participative budgets, where priorities for the allocation of resources are defined; c) Popular Health Meeting that contributes to the mobilization; d) Public hearings for accountability and debates on projects, favoring transparency and actions publicity; and e) Health Conferences to evaluate and indicate the guidelines. The production of policies and health actions in the city presented several elaboration moments, most of them result from collective deliberation. Four dimensions can be identified in this process: 1) Policyinter-sectorial and governmental actions as well as fund raising; 2) Management Monitoring and construction of strategies for facing problems related to health issues; 3) Assistance inserted into the day-to-day health care, especially with regard to consultations and procedures; 4) Popular control It involves mobilization of communities and claims for better services. Discussion Social control increases civil society capacity to monitor the actions of public power, since it has greater access to information. But it does not significantly interfere in the policy planning, except for its homologation. In this manner, work processes do not become democratic

Esta pesquisa versa sobre o processo de urbanização da Serra do Mar ocorrido nos bairros cota na cidade de Cubatão, no Estado de São Paulo, e se propõe analisar as mudanças sociais e a participação da comunidade no processo de intervenção governamental na área. O objeto da pesquisa é a implantação de um programa estadual de intervenção habitacional por meio de remoção de famílias que ocupavam trechos do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, áreas de risco de escorregamento e, ainda, por meio de urbanização de áreas que podem ser consolidadas e regularizadas. A urbanização foi proposta sob o amparo da participação comunitária e com a implantação de projetos sociais e analisar as mudanças sociais e a efetiva participação decorrentes desse processo é o objeto deste estudo. / This research is about deals with the social the process of urbanization of \"Serra do Mar\" in the \"bairros cota\" areas located in the city of Cubatão, state of São Paulo, and it aims to analyze social change and community participation in the process of urbanization of the area . The object focused is the actual implementation of a State Program of housing interventions through removal of families that were occupying portions of the \"Serra do Mar\" State Park as well as areas at risk of slipping; and also the urbanization ofsettlement areas that could be consolidated and legalized. Urbanization was proposed under the auspices of community participation and the implementation of social projects. Analyze social change and the effective participation in this process is the subject of this study .

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:32:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleomar Souza Manhas.pdf: 1803738 bytes, checksum: 774be0626a066035450afcc2c5fe965a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The research Non-Formal Education and Public Policies: Democracy Invigoration: The capacity process of the Health Community Agents and Social Protect Agents, by São Paulo Local Government, in environment education associated to health had as objective the verification of the non-formal education process utilization on the implementation of the public social policies looking if these kind of process contribute to the democracy maturing. The understood democracy in this research as participative democracy in the critical acceptation of the participative processes, or the community participation contributing to the social emancipation and the consequent society position by the State.The research methods were semiparticipative because we shared the first phase or the implementation phase besides we realized interviews and documental analyses.Our theory horizon was based on the emancipation of the third pillar modernity sustentation proposal or the Community according to Boaventura de Sousa Santos; the possible construction of the Liberty Ethic according to Enrique Dussel and the community conscience proposed by Paulo Freire / A pesquisa Educação Não-Formal e Políticas Públicas para o Fortalecimento da Democracia: O processo de capacitação das Agentes Comunitárias de Saúde e das Agentes de Proteção Social, da Prefeitura de São Paulo, em educação ambiental associada à saúde objetivou a verificação da utilização de processos de educação não-formal na implementação de políticas públicas sociais, visando perceber se procedimentos dessa natureza contribuem para o amadurecimento da democracia, aqui entendida como democracia participativa, na acepção crítica dos processos participativos, ou seja, a participação da comunidade favorecendo a emancipação social e o conseqüente posicionamento da Sociedade frente ao Estado. Os métodos de pesquisa foram semiparticipativos, pois compartilhamos da primeira fase, ou fase de implementação do projeto, além de realizarmos entrevistas e análise documental. O nosso horizonte teórico baseou-se na proposta de emancipação do terceiro pilar de sustentação da modernidade, ou seja, a Comunidade, de acordo com Boaventura de Sousa Santos; a possível construção da Ética da Libertação, de acordo com Enrique Dussel e a conscientização comunitária proposta por Paulo Freire