Esta pesquisa insere-se na linha de pesquisa, política, planejamento e gestão ambiental do Departamento de Saúde Ambiental da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo. Tem por objetivo apontar alternativas que facilitem a participação social junto à gestão ambiental municipal no Brasil por meio da identificação dos principais fatores condicionantes deste processo. Parte-se do pressuposto que a participação social é um dos condicionantes que interferem para melhoria da gestão ambiental na esfera municipal como forma de fortalecer e aprofundar a democracia local, possibilitando à sociedade inserir-se na gestão ambiental municipal. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa de dados secundários, análise bibliográfica do que já se produziu sobre este tema no Brasil, centrando-se em artigos científicos, teses de doutorado e dissertações de mestrado entre os anos 2000 e 2010, buscados nas bases de dados: Cab Abstract, Scielo (Brasil), Lilacs, Pubmed, Repidisca, Dedalus (USP) e Web of Science. Como resultado, foi identificado um conjunto de fatores condicionantes a participação social na gestão ambiental municipal brasileira, destacando-se, como os mais citados: a questão da divulgação e acesso as informações; educação individual para bom desempenho da participação coletiva; percepção de problemas/demandas locais como incentivo a participação; identidade e valorização local; e dificuldades de acesso às instituições participativas. Esses resultados vão ao encontro de uma concordância na literatura sobre o tema e que pode ser expressa por meio das seguintes questões: como é possível pensar participação da sociedade junto à gestão ambiental nos municípios brasileiros sem informação? Sem educação e capacitação? Sem valorização do território? Sem descentralização do poder? Sem integração, articulação e parceria dos setores do governo entre si e com a sociedade civil? Assim, espera-se com esta pesquisa fornecer subsídios para avanço dos processos de gestão ambiental municipal fundamentado na participação social / This research is part of the research line in policy, planning and environmental management of the Environmental Health Department of School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Aims to present alternatives that facilitate social participation by the municipal environmental management in Brazil by identifying the main conditioning factors this process. It starts from the assumption that social participation is a decisive factor for improved environmental management at municipal level in order to strengthen and improve foundations for strong local democracy, enabling the society to be part of the municipal services management. Therefore, was a survey of the literature and analysis that has been written on this subject in Brazil, focusing on scientific articles, doctoral theses and dissertations between 2000 and 2010, sought in the databases: Cab Abstract , SciELO (Brazil), Lilacs, Pubmed, Repidisca, Dedalus (USP) and Web of Science. As a result, a set of conditioning factors of social participation in municipal environmental management in Brazil was identified, especially: the issue of disclosure and access to information, education for individual performance of collective participation, problems perception / local demands as an incentive for participation, identity and recovery site and difficult access to participatory institutions. These results are in line with an agreement in the literature on the subject in question, in this way, how thinking in society participation in environmental management by the municipalities without information? Without education and training? Without improving the area? Without power decentralization? Without integration, coordination and partnership of government sectors among themselves and with civil society? Thus, it is hoped this research provide support for the advancement of municipal environmental management processes based on social participation

Thesis (M. A. (Criminology and Criminal Justice)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018 / Vigilantism is a contentious issue that will persist into the future for as long as crime exists. This research aimed at determining community’s perception on vigilantism. The Criminal Justice System has failed community of Matome Village, in the sense that they lost trust and lacked confidence in CJS. Actions involved in vigilantism are not only an expression of people’s anger or frustration but also of their fear. This study adopted both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Probability sampling (Stratified sampling) was used to select participants. For qualitative approach an interview schedule with prearranged questions was conducted and used in both focus group1 and 2 interviews. Focus group 1 consisted of 10 participants, while focus group 2 consisted of 8 participants. For quantitative approach, 80 questionnaires with close-ended and open-ended questions were distributed among community members who took part in the study, and the aim was to get their opinions and experience of vigilantism. The data collected was analysed (thematic content analysis was used) and interpreted by copying exactly words that were said by the participants. The study documented the disadvantages and consequences of vigilantism to fill in the existing gaps of the dangers of vigilante incidents in the literature. Strain theory by Robert Agnew was applied as the suitable theory which best explains why people resort to partake in vigilantism. The research identified factors which contributed mostly to vigilantism, such as: a way of protection and desire for revenge (anger and frustration). KEY WORDS: Vigilantism, Crime, Culprit, Strain, Community participation, Matome Village, Criminal Justice System, Police Officers.

Thesis (MBA.) --University of Limpopo, 2016 / The Ward Based Outreach Teams (WBOT) Programme is established in South Africa as part of a series of strategies to strengthen Primary Health Care (PHC) and to improve service delivery in the country. The purpose of the study was to gain an understanding of the experiences of Community Health Workers (CHW) in the implementation of the WBOT programme. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the experiences of CHWs in the WBOT, to evaluate factors that facilitate the implementation and to make recommendations and strategies on what can be done to improve the WBOT programme. A quantitative research design was used where self-administered questionnaires were provided to respondents for data collection. Respondents were asked to complete the questionnaires; completed questionnaires were returned by only 12 of the 27 respondents, resulting in a 44% response rate. The study’s findings indicate that the Community Health Workers (CHWs) regarded the WBOT as helping the community in many ways such reducing the long queues at the clinic and providing the care of the patients in their own homes, although concerns about poor participation by the community structures and nurses in the health facilities were expressed. CHWs expressed experiences that were positive and negative when conducting their work in the community. The results from the study have shown that there are successes, challenges and lesson learned. The results of the study further indicated that the programme is being implemented well even though it is still in a pilot phase in the sub-district. The programme has managed to improve and save many lives in the communities of Kgetleng Sub-district. Despite the level of depth in this study, there is a crucial need for more for more in-depth research regarding the experiences of users of the WBOT services and to conduct similar studies looking into urban areas and to compare and contrast the rural and urban findings.

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2006 / Refer to document

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2013 / The research study attempts to understand levels of service delivery facing Lenyenye Township falling under the jurisdiction of Greater Tzaneen Local Municipal Council. The main focal point of the study is to ascertain the effectiveness of the provision of basic services such as electricity, water and roads by the Greater Tzaneen Local Municipality. This study takes into account that there are other townships such as Nkowankowa, Khutjwana and Tickeyline that are also under the jurisdiction of Greater Tzaneen Local Municipality, and therefore, the research made no attempts to compare levels of service in these towns as its main focus is Lenyenye Township. The findings of this case study are by no means a representation of the state of service delivery in the entire Greater Tzaneen Local Municipal area. The study is qualitative in nature as it attempts to understand how residents of Lenyenye Township perceive service delivery in their area. To get to the bottom of this investigation, interviews were conducted to supplement the data that is needed to make a case. The central elements of this study are community participation and financial management. According to White Paper on Local Government (1998), the above elements are the cornerstone of democracy, and that democracy should be visible and practical at grassroots. The study argued that provision of municipal services is also influenced by a high number of legislative frameworks some of which are still at a grappling stage by municipalities, for example; the implementation of White Paper on Transforming Public Service Delivery (1997). The study also discovered that a local sphere of government interacts with other organs of state, private sectors and non-governmental institutions in programmes and projects meant to advance the provision of municipal service. Greater Tzaneen Local Municipality like any other municipality is experiencing its fair share of the challenges such as financial management, community participation, and skills shortage. The study revealed that Lenyenye Township is experiencing poor service delivery from the municipality.

This thesis argues that while analysing markets and developing strategies to exploit the external market place and to attract tourists remains a central focus for tourism marketers, it is not enough on its own to achieve sustainable tourism destination development. The researcher substantiates this argument by exploring the 'participatory tourism planning' concept in detail. Based on this approach, the community is identified as a primary customer for whom tourism marketers have ignored involving in their marketing attention, messages and programmes. The fundamental concept - marketing orientation and customer orientation - combined with emerging marketing theories were reviewed in order to help examine how destination marketing, a community-driven approach, should be implemented within a destination area. This examination of marketing and community based tourism planning set a platform for this research. This analysis examines relevance, applicability and potential for an integration of these two pervasive approaches for tourism planning. Guided by the theoretical examination, an integrated community-based tourism planning and marketing model was proposed. In order to explore gaps between the proposed model and its practicality, three destination areas (Phuket, Samui and Songkla-Hatyai) in Thailand were studied and evaluated. At this pragmatic level, this thesis identified impediments confronting national and local tourism organisations. The findings of this study draw a particular attention to institutional challenges which require clear identification of responsibilities and coordination of all actors involved in the planning and marketing process. These selected case studies have not only provided critical commentaries to assist tourism planners improve strategically their marketing approaches within community tourism planning, but they also have helped provide avenues for future research.

This is a Case Study Research done inside a poor community in Brazil. The main goal of the research is to facilitate this community to understand their problems and to overcome it. Therefore the researcher and the researched developed the following question ‘why NovaMosanta is not achieving its goals? The researcher wanted to work as a facilitator throughout the whole process of dialogue that aims to empower the community. Departing from that question and based on Freire’s ideas of education the research aims to build new knowledge from the interaction of academic and community knowledge. To implement this case study field research the researcher decided to use Participant observation and questionnaires. Surprisingly during the research the NGO called NovaMosanta faced the challenge of remodeling a public school without government help; otherwise the school would be closed. This NGO succeeded with the help of the New Zealand Government that gave NZ$15,000 to build two new classrooms in the school. Community members helped working in the remodeling and local commerce gave discounts to enable the remodeling. As a result the school will not be closed and the students will continue to study there. It also helped to increase community support and participation. Although not designed as a Participant Action Research, this thesis evolved to produce action and to change the community reality. It was an empowering process to the researcher and the researched. The community support increased and it also served s a catalytic event in the process of transformation and inclusion. Finally it clarifies the importance of producing fast results to maintain community support. You can check the research results in the links below that contain two local network reports about it. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hz_FItXp3nM) & (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=py5emCNXRlo)

<p>India and many other developing countries confront serious problems of declining water tables. In India there is no real water shortage, but ineffective use of surface water leads to freshwater run-off. By building dams and irrigation water systems the Indian government has been trying to find a more effective use of surface water and thereby increase the agricultural productivity. But mismanagement of irrigation systems by local governments called for alternative management techniques, and during the last decades the central Indian government has been trying to decentralise management and governance of irrigation water to local water users. This Minor Field Study (MFS) focuses on a local implementation of Participatory Irrigation Management in the Indian state Madhya Pradesh. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the way the local government handles the decentralisation of irrigation water management, by identify and illuminate communication channels. The thesis is built on the basic idea that functioning environmental communication is the key to reach a functioning decentralised and sustainable water management. Interviews with local government officials, citizens of a local village, and staff from a locally involved NGO within a case study constitute most of the empirical data. Theories of decentralisation of natural resource management, community participation, communication, and NGO cooperation are presented. With starting point in the empirical material and the presented theories has way the local government handles the decentralisation process, and the role of the locally involved NGO, been analysed. The study shows shortcomings in: education of stakeholders, communication training among government officials, trust in the capability of local water users, and communication between stakeholders. The study also enlighten the government officials fear of losing political power, the NGOs role as communication channel, and the formation of locally rooted organisations.</p>

This study investigates the level of the implications of a community based project in Madjadjane area, Matutuine District in Mozambique and constitutes a Mini-dissertation for a Masters Degree in Environment and Development. It is composed of two parts. Component A comprises a literature review and was written following CEAD guidelines and Component B, which constitutes the research paper written in the stylesheet for publication in the South African Geographical Journal (Appendix 2 of the Component A). The literature review charts the evolution of tourism from the ancient forms to the mass tourism after the Second World War and then to the more recent forms of tourism. The review also discusses approaches related to development, sustainable development, rural development, community based natural resources management and livelihoods, which are critical to understanding the context in which tourism takes place. Alternative tourism approaches such as sustainable tourism, nature based tourism, eco-tourism, rural tourism, pro-poor tourism and community based tourism are evaluated in terms of their impacts on host communities. From this discussion, community based tourism with its focus on poverty alleviation and livelihood improvement emerges as one of the more appropriate options for tourism development in poor countries. The study concluded that from the Madjadjane community perspective, although the project emerged along with small commercial activities, it has not yet brought significant economic benefits, nor improvement of their livelihoods. The positive impact is the increased awareness of the value of the conservation of natural resources amongst the local residents. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.