This paper discusses the nature of extractive industries operating in less developed countries and the exploitative image they are faced with. In order to address this issue, this paper presents a thorough analysis of societal marketing by considering social initiatives undertaken by corporations to enhance wellfare in the host country. The positive attributes of societal marketing are emphasized through bottom up development and exemplified through LAMCO case study. These factors, along with the invloved actors, all contribute to the enhancement of the corporate image.

Since the early days of corporate societal marketing, managers and researchers alike have considered perceived marketer motives as a key factor in eliciting positive consumer response. However, little is known as to how the perception of marketer motives is formed. This dissertation research looks into a number of factors that may influence the process of perceived marketer motives formation. In particular, the roles of corporate societal marketing type, cognitive capacity, ad skepticism, and cause-involvement are examined. In addition, the underlying structure of perceived marketer motives is also explored. The results showed that the effect of corporate societal marketing type on perceived marketer motives was not significant. Cognitive capacity did have a significant effect that subjects with unconstrained cognitive capacity perceived higher community-oriented motives than those with constrained cognitive capacity. The effect of ad skepticism was equivocal. Ad skepticism had a significant effect on perceived marketer motives in Study 1, but not in Study 2. The key methodological difference between the two studies is that ad skepticism was measured along with other constructs in Study 1 whereas it was measured two weeks prior to the lab experiment in Study 2. Cause-involvement had no significant effect on perceived marketer motives, although it did affect the subsequent consumer response. As for the structure of perceived marketer motives, data from both studies suggest that there are three dimensions: community-oriented motives, company-oriented motives, and manipulative motives. These three dimensions appeared to be independent from one another; each of them had unique effects on subsequent consumer response. Most notably, company-oriented motives had no significant effect on company evaluation, attitude toward the company, or purchase intent. As expected, community-oriented motives had positive effects on all three indicators of consumer response whereas manipulative motives had negative effects. Limitations in the current investigation are discussed and suggestions for future research are proposed. / text

Este trabalho, apresenta a análise de conteúdo de um conjunto de anúncios ecológicos impressos, obtidos de empresas de setores econômicos diversos. Objetivou a analisar a estrutura implícita desses anúncios, os apelos ecológicos utilizados, o grau de profundidade com que o assunto ecologia era tratado pelas empresas pesquisadas. Começa com uma revisão do referencial teórico abordando parâmetros da responsabilidade social; conceitos de marketing estratégico e do marketing operacional; o marketing societal e as relações entre a comunicação integrada de marketing e o marketing ambiental. Como estrutura de análise, selecionou-se uma amostra de anúncios impressos escolhidos por conveniência e por meio de uma análise estatística multivariada, utilizando a técnica do Escalonamento Multidimensional (MDS), obteve-se um mapa perceptual que posiciona as empresas de acordo com critérios de similaridade entre si. Uma outra técnica de estatística multivariada - Análise de Conglomerados – foi aplicada para definir no mapa perceptual, os conglomerados que agrupam as empresas que se caracterizam por serem mais homogêneas entre si. / This work presents an analysis of a sample of printed environmental ads attained from companies of several economic sectors. The purpose was to analyse the implicit structure of such an ads; its environmental appeals; the depth of the ecologic matter was treated by the researched companies. It satarts with a careful analysis of the theory concerning the social responsibility; the strategic and operational marketing concepts; the societal marketing and the relationship of the integrated marketing communications and the green marketing. As analytical framework was used a convenience sample of printed ads and by a multivariate data analysis using the MDS – Multidimensional Scalling technic, a perceptual mapping was built to positioning the companies in terms of similarity judments. Another multivariate technic – Hyerarchical Cluster Analysis – was used as to define, in the perceptual mapping, the clusters that contain the companies that was characterized as to be homogeneous among themselves.

Cette recherche se positionne dans un contexte de parrainage d'une cause par une marque, et plus précisément dans le cadre d'une publicité de soutien en faveur d'une cause environnementale. Elle vise notamment à répondre à la problématique suivante : comment améliorer l'efficacité d'une publicité de soutien ? La littérature a mis en exergue le rôle majeur joué par la congruence/incongruence perçue entre le parrain et l'entité parrainée, mais ce concept fait néanmoins débat depuis plus de trente ans dans la littérature marketing (Fleck et Maille, 2010 ; Maille et Fleck, 2011). Les objectifs de la recherche imposent une phase importante de meilleure compréhension du concept et de sa mesure (études 1 et 2). L'étude 3, utilisant de manière originale l'approche tétraclasse, propose une nouvelle conceptualisation basée sur l'identification des éléments de contribution à la congruence et à l'incongruence. Sur la base de ces résultats, deux outils de mesure sont proposés permettant de mieux appréhender la congruence perçue et l'incongruence perçue (étude 4). Puis cette recherche étudie, au moyen d'une expérimentation (étude 5), dans quelle mesure et de quelle manière l'articulation du parrainage (explication du lien entre le parrain et l'entité parrainée) peut influencer les intentions comportementales envers la cause soutenue. Les résultats soulignent que la congruence perçue, l'incongruence perçue et la crédibilité du parrain sont médiatrices de l'effet de l'articulation du parrainage sur les intentions comportementales envers la cause soutenue, mais avec une différence d'effet entre congruence et incongruence. En effet, si l'articulation du parrainage influence positivement la crédibilité du parrain en augmentant la congruence perçue et en diminuant l'incongruence perçue entre la marque et l'organisation non commerciale, l'effet de la congruence perçue sur les intentions comportementales envers la cause n'est pas médiatisé par la crédibilité perçue du parrain, à la différence de l'effet de l'incongruence perçue qui est bien médiatisé par cette crédibilité. / This research takes place in the context of cause sponsoring by a brand, and more precisely within the framework of environmental issue advocacy advertising. It aims in particular at answering the following question: how to improve the efficiency of advocacy advertising? Previous research highlighted the major role played by perceived congruency/incongruency between the sponsor and the sponsored entity, but this concept has been still discussed for more than thirty years in the marketing literature (Fleck and Maille, 2010; Maille and Fleck, 2011). The objectives of this research require to better understand the concept and its measure (studies 1 and 2). Study 3 uses in an original way the tetraclass approach to propose a new conceptualization of the concept based on the identification of elements that contribute to congruency and to incongruency. Based on these results, two measurement tools allowing to separately capture perceived congruency and perceived incongruency are proposed (study 4). Then this research examines through an experiment (study 5) to what extent and how sponsorship articulation (the explanation of the link between the sponsor and the sponsored entity) can influence behavioral intentions toward the supported cause. The results underline that perceived congruency, perceived incongruency and sponsor credibility mediate the effect of sponsorship articulation on behavioral intentions toward the supported cause but throughout a different effect on perceived congruency and on perceived incongruency: 1/sponsorship articulation influences positively sponsor credibility due to an increase in perceived congruency and a decrease in perceived incongruency between the brand and the not commercial organization, 2/ the effect of perceived congruency on behavioral intentions toward the cause is not explained by sponsor credibility while the effect of perceived incongruency is explained by sponsor credibility.

Este trabalho, apresenta a análise de conteúdo de um conjunto de anúncios ecológicos impressos, obtidos de empresas de setores econômicos diversos. Objetivou a analisar a estrutura implícita desses anúncios, os apelos ecológicos utilizados, o grau de profundidade com que o assunto ecologia era tratado pelas empresas pesquisadas. Começa com uma revisão do referencial teórico abordando parâmetros da responsabilidade social; conceitos de marketing estratégico e do marketing operacional; o marketing societal e as relações entre a comunicação integrada de marketing e o marketing ambiental. Como estrutura de análise, selecionou-se uma amostra de anúncios impressos escolhidos por conveniência e por meio de uma análise estatística multivariada, utilizando a técnica do Escalonamento Multidimensional (MDS), obteve-se um mapa perceptual que posiciona as empresas de acordo com critérios de similaridade entre si. Uma outra técnica de estatística multivariada - Análise de Conglomerados – foi aplicada para definir no mapa perceptual, os conglomerados que agrupam as empresas que se caracterizam por serem mais homogêneas entre si. / This work presents an analysis of a sample of printed environmental ads attained from companies of several economic sectors. The purpose was to analyse the implicit structure of such an ads; its environmental appeals; the depth of the ecologic matter was treated by the researched companies. It satarts with a careful analysis of the theory concerning the social responsibility; the strategic and operational marketing concepts; the societal marketing and the relationship of the integrated marketing communications and the green marketing. As analytical framework was used a convenience sample of printed ads and by a multivariate data analysis using the MDS – Multidimensional Scalling technic, a perceptual mapping was built to positioning the companies in terms of similarity judments. Another multivariate technic – Hyerarchical Cluster Analysis – was used as to define, in the perceptual mapping, the clusters that contain the companies that was characterized as to be homogeneous among themselves.

This thesis argues that while analysing markets and developing strategies to exploit the external market place and to attract tourists remains a central focus for tourism marketers, it is not enough on its own to achieve sustainable tourism destination development. The researcher substantiates this argument by exploring the 'participatory tourism planning' concept in detail. Based on this approach, the community is identified as a primary customer for whom tourism marketers have ignored involving in their marketing attention, messages and programmes. The fundamental concept - marketing orientation and customer orientation - combined with emerging marketing theories were reviewed in order to help examine how destination marketing, a community-driven approach, should be implemented within a destination area. This examination of marketing and community based tourism planning set a platform for this research. This analysis examines relevance, applicability and potential for an integration of these two pervasive approaches for tourism planning. Guided by the theoretical examination, an integrated community-based tourism planning and marketing model was proposed. In order to explore gaps between the proposed model and its practicality, three destination areas (Phuket, Samui and Songkla-Hatyai) in Thailand were studied and evaluated. At this pragmatic level, this thesis identified impediments confronting national and local tourism organisations. The findings of this study draw a particular attention to institutional challenges which require clear identification of responsibilities and coordination of all actors involved in the planning and marketing process. These selected case studies have not only provided critical commentaries to assist tourism planners improve strategically their marketing approaches within community tourism planning, but they also have helped provide avenues for future research.

Enjeu important pour le marketing des seniors, le concept de bien vieillir demeure peu investigué par la recherche en marketing. Nous introduisons un nouveau concept, le Bien Vieillir Désiré (BVD), qui fait référence aux objectifs psychologiques, physiques, sociaux et financiers, poursuivis dans la quête du bien vieillir. Nous en proposons un modèle de mesure bifactoriel, fiable et valide, en quatre dimensions : le BVD général, le BVD physique, le BVD social et le BVD financier. Son influence est testée sur huit comportements de consommation relatifs aux secteurs suivants : alimentation, e-santé, chirurgie esthétique, loisirs, placements financiers, réseaux sociaux et sites de rencontres. L’échelle de mesure et un modèle global antécédents-manifestations-effets sont validés à partir d’un échantillon de 900 seniors âgés de 50 à 80 ans. Les résultats suggèrent le développement d’une nouvelle approche marketing des seniors : le marketing du bien vieillir. Son investigation et sa mise en œuvre sont ancrées dans quatre concepts clés : le BVD, le vieillissement perçu, les attentes d’ajustement au vieillissement et la consommation du bien vieillir. / Aging well is now a key stake for senior marketing, yet this concept remains little investigated by consumer research. A new concept is introduced in marketing research: Desired Aging Well (DAW), which refers to the psychological, physical, social and financial objectives, pursued in the quest for aging well. This research provides a reliable and valid bifactor measurement model for Desired Aging Well, in four dimensions: general DAW, physical DAW, social DAW and financial DAW. Its influence is tested on eight consumer behaviors related to the following sectors: food, e-health, plastic surgery, leisure, financial investments, social networks and dating sites. The Desired Aging Well scale and the overall antecedents-manifestations-effects model are validated on a sample of 900 French senior people aged from 50 to 80. The results suggest the development of a new marketing approach for seniors: aging well marketing. Its investigation and implementation are rooted in four key concepts: Desired Aging Well, perceived aging, adjustment to aging expectations and aging well consumption.