The rational comprehensive approach to planning has proven unable to reduce urban poverty due either to the exclusion or to the inappropriate inclusion of indigenous knowledge in planning practice. As an alternative, this dissertation analyzes (1) the capacity of local residents to apply their indigenous, contextual, experience-based knowledge towards the reduction of urban poverty and (2) the processes by which they do so. The research was based on an ethnographic case study of a single, low-income, urban neighborhood, Gondolayu Lor, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The primary research methods included: 22 months of field observation, 48 in-depth interviews, 44 oral histories, and a census of the 275 households in the case study community. The dissertation found that local residents conceptualized poverty in terms of multifaceted deprivation, and for the purposes of community-based planning, three manifestations of poverty were identified for alleviation: (1) land tenure insecurity, (2) lack of preventive health care, and (3) the inaccessibility of information and reading materials. Through an analysis of community-based planning efforts in these areas, this study uncovered a diverse array of social spaces that provided windows of opportunity as well as obstacles to the community's poverty alleviation efforts. It was concluded that the capacity of indigenous knowledge depends largely on the ability of local residents to navigate these spaces. At times, this required commumty activists to redefine existing spaces, create new spaces, and/or abandon those that were deemed ineffective. It was also found that local residents engaged in community-based planning in a way not previously accounted for in either the inclusion or social mobilization models of citizen participation. This alternative form of citizen participation, referred to as pragmatic empowerment, was incremental in nature, grassroots in origin, yet practical (as opposed to political) in its objectives. In conclusion, the three examples of community-based planning analyzed demonstrate that local residents hold valuable knowledge for alleviating community-level poverty; however, they were unable to address chronic household-level poverty. In terms of implications for practice, this finding led the author to conclude that, in addition to community-based planning, a reliable social safety net must be provided if household-level poverty is to be substantially reduced in the future.

Till stor del bygger samhällsplanering på förändring och utveckling av den fysiska miljön, vilket närboende kan ha olika synpunkter på. För att uppnå acceptans vid en förändring är det viktigt att berörda känner delaktighet i processen samt att informationen är tydlig och begriplig även för den som inte är kunnig inom området. Vid framtagande av en detaljplan ska planbeskrivningen ange de organisatoriska, tekniska, ekonomiska och fastighetsrättsliga åtgärder som krävs för dess tänkta genomförande. För att de berörda fastighetsägarna ska kunna läsa och förstå hur de påverkas av en detaljplan måste planbeskrivningen tydligt och begripligt redovisa det tänkta genomförandets konsekvenser. Syftet med studien är att få svar på i vilken omfattning konsekvensredovisning av genomförandefrågor förekommer och om kraven i 2011 års Plan- och bygglag (PBL) kan anses vara uppfyllda. PBL-kommittén konstaterar år 2005 att beskrivningarna av genomförandet av detaljplaner många gånger är bristfälliga eller saknas helt. Införandet av en ny PBL den 2 maj år 2011 syftade bland annat till att stärka genomförandefrågornas status. I studien undersöktes omfattningen av redovisningen med avseende på organisatoriska, tekniska, ekonomiska och fastighetsrättsliga frågor samt om redovisningen sker summariskt eller fastighetsvis. Studien omfattar 84 detaljplaner från Västra Götalands och Stockholms län som var i granskningsskedet under vecka 14 och 15, år 2014. För att få en bild av tillämpningen av 2011 års PBL 4:33 § skapades 19 frågor. Till dessa frågor togs ett antal kategorier/svarsalternativ fram som användes för att klassificera innehållet i planbeskrivningarna. Resultatet visar att det förekommer en stor variation på omfattningen av konsekvensredovisning i planbeskrivningen. Ett genomsnittligt värde på hur vanligt det är med bristfällig konsekvensredovisning (i de applicerbara fallen) i respektive huvudgrupp ger följande resultat:  Organisatoriska frågor: 49 %  Tekniska frågor: 30 %  Ekonomiska frågor: 68 %  Fastighetsrättsliga frågor: 13 % Studien visar också att fastighetsvis redovisning förekommer i mycket begränsad omfattning. Med ovanstående resultat är det tveksamt om ett flertal av detaljplanerna uppfyller lagens krav på redovisning och skulle klara en prövning i domstol / Community planning is often based on changes and development of the physical environment which local residents may have different opinions on. To achieve acceptance of a change it is important that concerned feel involved in the process and that the information is clear and understandable even for those who are not proficient in the area. Within the process of developing a detail plan a description shall specify the organizational, technical, financial and real estate law actions necessary for its intended implementation. To make it possible for concerned property owners to be able to read and understand how they are affected by a detail plan the description must be clear and comprehensible explain the intended implementation consequences. The purpose of this study is to find out the extent to which impact description of implementation issues exist and if the requirements of Swedish planning and building act (PBL) from 2011 can be considered fulfilled. The PBL Committee noted in 2005 that the description of the implementation of detail plans is often weak or lacking. The introduction of a new PBL May 2, 2011 aimed to strengthen the status of the implementation issues. In the study the extent of the descriptions was examined with respect to organizational, technical, financial and real estate law issues as well as if the description is done summarily or per property. The study includes 84 detail plans from Västra Götaland and Stockholm County who were in the examination phase during weeks 14 and 15, 2014. There were 19 questions created to provide a picture of the application of PBL 4:33 §. A number of categories were created for these questions to classify the content of the plan descriptions. The result shows a large variation in the extent of the content in the plan descriptions. An average value of how common it is with insufficient content of description (in applicable cases) in each division gives the following result:  Organizational issues: 49 %  Technical issues: 30 %  Economic issues: 68 %  Real estate law issues: 13 % The study also shows that "per property" reporting occurs in a very limited extent. With the above results, it is doubtful if many of the detail plans meet the legal requirements of description and could withstand a judicial review

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-45).

abstract: Many school facility-planning theories have proposed an integrated role for schools within their surrounding neighborhood, advocating analogous approaches to creating "community schools" that involve social and community services at school sites that support both students and local residents. Despite the popularity of this concept in the education community, the idea of schools as community centers has not entered the mainstream of urban planning thought or practice. As the community schools movement continues to grow, planners should be engaged to support and leverage community school developments using their unique role as mediators of public and private interests. Furthermore, planners tend to have a broad perspective of communities that can facilitate synergistic partnerships and development patterns beyond the immediate school site. The aim of this research was to reframe the existing literature on community schools into a unified School-Oriented Development (SOD) neighborhood planning paradigm that 1) proposes a typology based on the relationships between schools and their surrounding communities, and 2) suggests urban form guidelines that will support these relationships in a child-friendly environment. These outcomes were achieved through the creation of a prototype SOD SmartCode Module that incorporates an SOD typology. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.U.E.P. Urban and Environmental Planning 2011

I am about to devote this dissertation to the issues of social services planning in Písek as a provincial city with focus on handicapped people. My aim is to find out whether and under what conditions it would be possible to extend a timeframe of elaborated strategies at least to 15 years. Theoretical part is divided into four chapters. Firstly, I follow conception of social politics and social welfare during the time with future outlook. Then, the area of social services is being analysed - describing their evolution, legislative frame, interpretation of quality and ways of funding. Third chapter is dedicated to community planning, its foundations and principles. In last chapter I tend to target group - handicapped people. The aim of practical part is to find out not only under what conditions the timeframe of planning can be widen but also how exactly is social services planning being done and whether this process evolves towards better quality. All this by means of semistructured interviews with seven participants of social services planning in Písek. Respondents have been selected from the side of demand municipality of Písek and supply representants of non-governmental nonprofit organizations, church and region-donated organizations. Their posts varied from higher management to work force, both in current and previous years. Survey refers to demographic analysis of target group, respondents view of current planning timeframe´s sufficiency and whether quality level of that process is rising. Evaluated interviews showed that demographic analysis were professionally set up and last community planning in given area was significantly more successful compared with previous terms. This was achieved through cooperation with non-profit organization, its methodist and outside supervisor. Extension of current social planning timeframe can be possible, according to respondents, only if a long-term state-wide strategy gets formed, being regularly updated with action plans added for up to five years long period. Main obstacles for this are frequent changes in legislative and the issue of turbulent circumstances considering target group like people in crisis. However, for handicapped people and senior citizens extending the timeframe might be more possible considering stable situation and therefore usability of long-term statistical predictions.

The diploma thesis is focused on the public participation in the municipality development through the community planning methods. The main goal is the evaluation of processes of public participation in the municipal planning documents preparation for some selected municipalities in the region of South Bohemia. These documents have been created on the principles of community planning. Among the documents belong strategic town plans, community plans for health and quality of life, and community plans of social services. The theoretical part is primarily focused on the issue of local development, community planning including its principles, historical links and legal foundations. Last but not least, there is a public participation process described in the theoretical part as well. At the end of the theoretical part, there is a theory of evaluation of the successful public participation in the planning process. The empirical part relates to the mentioned theory of the evaluation of the public participation methods. The empirical part contains the analysis of the public engagement in creating documents in three particular towns: Třeboň, Dačice and Český Krumlov. The analysis aims to the approach of mentioned towns in the case of public participation, measuring related costs, assessing the success of the process according to the assigned evaluation criteria and eventually on the mistakes identification. On the basis of this analysis there are the key, determining the successful community planning implementation, defined. According to the analysis new procedures are suggested.

In the today?s time of the social services transformation it comes to the strengthening of the role of the municipality, as the basic civil community, which can react on the actual social needs of its inhabitants most effectively. This trend signals inter alia, the law concerning social services. The content shows that the municipalities, as the smallest territorially self-governing units, should accomplish the activity focusing on the active inquiry making of the needs of the social services within the inhabitants. The probed social needs afterwards create the basic information for the effective social services plan for the specific location. The social services plan processed on the basis of actually checked out social needs create elementary manager tool for controlling the social services which goal is the ensure of the availability and the quality of the social services with the effective finance spending.

This thesis deals with the demographic aging of the population and the changes which this natural cyclical process brings along. I am not only mapping the current situation and trying to give a forecast of the next fifty years, but I am also trying to identify how the aging will mirror our society and which areas of public life will mostly be affected by it. A substantial part of this thesis is dedicated to the transformation of social services and how it works, which should contribute to the community planning project in the micro region of Bechyne. All theoretical findings in the later part of the thesis are used to evaluate the socio-demographic situation in the mentioned region and subsequently followed by suggestions, which could lead to the improvement of the residents{\crq} quality of life.

Name of Dissertation: Civil Participation in Social Planning: Limits and Possibilities Name: Petr Čech Field of Study: Sociology Leader of Dissertation: PhDr. Richard Růžička, CSc. Keywords: citizen, community, participation, social service, social/community planning The dissertation focused on participative element of democracy. The author aimed at the way of participation in the selected districts and attempted to analyze the way of communication of the events relating to the social planning process. The theoretical part of the dissertation began with the chapter "Citizen and Society". This chapter dealed the citizenship concept and the civil society concept. The general and the participation was dealed in connection with the citizenship and the civil society. The next chapter "Community and Change" defined in particular sections the term community and the incidental terms - community work and community care, community developement. The considerable part of this chapter was the treatise on community planning with regard to community planning of social services. The non-profit sector and social services were the themes of the final chapter. The section community planning of social servical was placed as concluding section as the terminological unravelment. The research within the framework of...

This is a study of how two small neighbourhoods, Mano and Mikura, recovered from the 1995 Kobe (Japan) earthquake, with a particular focus on the relationship between community vulnerability and capacity. Few studies have examined these interactions, even though vulnerability reduction is recognized to be a vital component of community recovery. Drawing from literature on disaster recovery, community development, vulnerability analysis, community capacity building and the Kobe earthquake, a community vulnerability and capacity model is elaborated from Blaikie et al.’s Pressure and Release Model (1994) to analyze the interactions. The Mano and Mikura cases are analyzed by applying this model and relating outcomes to the community’s improved safety and quality of community lives. Based on the experience of Mano, appropriate long-term community development practices as well as community capacity building efforts in the past can contribute to the reduction of overall community vulnerability in the post-disaster period, while it is recovering. On the other hand, the Mikura case suggests that even though the community experiences high physical and social vulnerability in the pre-disaster period, if the community is able to foster certain conditions, including active CBOs, adequate availability and accessibility to resources, and a collaborative working relationship with governments, the community can make progress on recovery. Although both Mano and Mikura communities achieved vulnerability reduction as well as capacity building, the long-term sustainability of the two communities remains uncertain, as issues and challenges, such as residual and newly emerging physical vulnerability, negative or slow population growth and aging, remained to create vulnerability to future disasters. The case studies reveal the interactions of community vulnerability and capacity to be highly complex and contingent on many contextual considerations. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate