Focusing on a community-policing pilot-project initiated in Kikuyu, a suburb of Nairobi, Kenya, the current paper seeks to create an understanding concerning local premises for community-policing implementation. It is based on a field study that combined participatory observations and semi-structured interviews to investigate how the management of the pilot-project on the one side and the local police officers on the other side perceives the latter’s professional duty in Kikuyu. These perceptions and their correlation were analyzed through an institutional approach, involving regulative, normative and culture-cognitive perspectives. Initially, the findings show that intentions held within the management about how to change police practice in Kikuyu correlated to a large degree with the understanding local police officers already posses concerning their professional duty. However, applying the institutional approach, possible discrepancies were found. Concerning this, while the regulative and normative aspects of how to police Kikuyu seem to correlate between the two groups, differences on the culture-cognitive level indicate that the management and the local police officers have differing perceptions concerning police practice. Conclusively, following a distinction between a proactive approach to policing, expressed by the management, and a reactive approach to policing, expressed by the local police officers, the paper issues a warning regarding how historical and current social structures might result in a misinterpretation and misuse of community-policing on the side of the local police officers, which could lead to contradictive and counterproductive end results following the continued implementation of community-policing.

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Abstract Strategic management is a newly emphasized subject in the new public management study methods. Public organization, effected by the business strategic planning, has gradually stressed on the strategic planning and strategic management, and emphasized its long-term strategic implementation. The core of strategic management by strategy, a management mode, except major stressed functions of traditional managing processes including planning, organization, leading and controlling, more emphasize on responding to changing environment with strategy in advance, which will not only aid the future development of organization, but also promote to achieve its goal. The police is an open system which maintains mutual response with external environment. Therefore, the police should closely keep an eye out for changing external environment and the effects caused by these changes, then adjust its own role position, value and goal, and implement a series of strategies and concrete performances to achieve its mission efficiently. First, the study explains the definition and form of strategic management and strategic planning, and the experience about how strategic management was implemented into a public sector. Second, through research of police agency¡¦ s strategic plan in USA and UK, it perceives the frame and meaning of them on practical police agency. The study, takes Penghu County Police Bureau (PHPB) as a case study, views from the local administer¡¦ s position to proceed an analysis on environmental factors which is relevant to policing strategies. Basing on the study purpose and study frame by using In-depth Interviewing, it conducts a sampling interview on the administers of PHPB in order to compare the secondary data through case study method and confirm its internal strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities and threats from the external environment. Then, it sets a series of management concepts involving mission statement, vision, value, goal and objectives constructing a 5-year general development strategy which meets the local characteristics and needs, and thus advance a proposal on strategic implementation and controlling for future references of organization development and management of PHPB, and inspire other local police organizations to put into practice.

Abstract The public security is the key factor for a prosperous country; therefore, maintaining a safe social order has always been the most desirous expectation for the public. ¡§Community Policing¡¨ is the strategy to govern public social order, and how to apply its usage is the main stream on crime prevention and police beat is its main core. This study, by reviewing the basic theory of community policing, researching the operational practice domestically and abroad, rechecking the real state of community policing in Penghu, analyzing the recollected data, can be further shaped on its diversified location to develop a satisfactory living space and peaceful land for the Penghu people. By studying this subject, here my suggestions are as follows: ¢¹ Suggestions on community policing of Penghu. 1.Penghu people are quite satisfied with the public security but are still afraid of being stolen. We have to pay more attention on guiding how to prevent the civilian from being a burglar victim and lay emphasis on operational practices. 2.Penghu people are not willing to attend any meeting related to public affairs; the police has to stimulate and inspire the community consciousness of being a civilian by attending any activities or practicing census checks. 3.Implementing sole-duty-beat system can diminish most of the burden of policy duty, which can exclusively make the police more concentrative on doing the census check, providing service, and guiding crime prevention. 4.The success of community policing depends on ¡§close interaction between the civilian and the police; the police must offer high quality service to gain the trust of the civilian. Only by doing this can a close relationship be shaped and be dedicated on crime prevention. 5.The spirit of community policing is beat officer itself; therefore, in order to encourage the officer to persistently manage its beat with diligence and innovativeness, a system based on preventive guiding and service providing to assess the performance of the beat officers is highly requested. 6.While enforcing the community policing, the crucial point to success is decided by how to pass the decision-making to the beat officer, which can make them more flexible and responsive to the need of the community. 7.In hoping of the community policy strategy can keep flourishing, the government authority has to make budget for it and those responsible have to step into the community for a setting up a sound community policing. And the police authority has to make its goal and strategy clear and have a comprehensive communication with the beat officer to build a common consensus. Then , under the process of empowerment, the beat officer can become a member of the community. 8.Twenty-first century is the era of community policing, the police has to cooperate with the medium strategically to publicize the community consciousness, which, in the long run, can be beneficial to build a high quality living environment. . ¢ºSuggestions for follow-up research: 1.Research domain: increase to lay emphasis on community specialty, which can make the managerial strategy more specific and effective. 2.Research object: increase the number of community civilian specimen, which can promote its representation. 3.Research method: increase the observation method as auxiliary, which can be expected to be more adjustable to its location and occasion. 4.Empirical study evaluation : apply ¡§ equalized performance marking card¡¨ to assess the interior and exterior performance of the beat officer, which can be expected to excavate the underneath problems. Key words: community policing, police beat, window-breaking theory, crime prevention.

The feature in post-modern policing thought is to encounter the diverse crime after deconstruction of modern society. Now, the police cannot solve all the crime on their own; therefore, they have to look for the help from civilians. To have effective results, they should cooperate with civilians and focus on the problem-oriented strategy. With this trend of the police reformation, the community-oriented policing becomes the realistic direction in current police science, which they are requested to enter the communities, encourage civilians¡¦ involvement, and then figure out the problem-solving strategy. The police could enjoy the achievement from work and then ensure the happiness and quality of life for community residents. Breaking in from the project ¡§Six Star¡¨, this research studied the relationship between public security network and the happiness of residents. We predict the connection between the two, and hope to create the mode of community public security network and system transplantation, based on the example we implemented in Tainan County Police Bureau Guiren Police Precinct -- ¡§The process of developing neighborhood watch¡¨. The purposes are as follows: 1. Study the current community security network. With the relationship between Community watch and community development, we iron out the composition of social groups and residents interaction as the reference on studying similar organizations and development for later research. 2. Study the connection between social security network and the happiness of residents. Compare the before and after of creating neighborhood watch, and find out whether the fear to crime increased or otherwise, in order to reinforce the value and importance of this study. 3. According to the study result, we could provide relevant recommendations to implemented units and policy-planned organizations as the reference for the typical mode of developing community security network. This study adopted depth interviews (qualitative study) and questionnaire (quantitative study). In the qualitative study, we have interviews for 13 persons, including community leader (town mayor, county councilor, village chief, entrepreneur, etc.), watch captain, and police officers. With the results, we evaluate the position of the development for community watch in the community as well as the practical effect on the community security network. In the quantitative study, we focus on the residents of 4 townships in Guiren Police Precinct. We sent out 450 questionnaires and returned 372; the rate is 82.67%. The non-effective questionnaires are 14 and the effective ones are 358 which is 79.56% of the total amount. We used SPSS PC12.0 Chinese Version software to analyze the data, which include descriptive data analysis (including average, standard deviation, Analysis of Variation, and Regression Analysis), Chi-Square Test, Tabulated Statistics, and Regression Analysis. Furthermore, infer the results of each variable. The study gets the following conclusions: 1. Creating neighborhood watch could build up the warning system to secure the safety of residents. 2. Holding public security seminars through the community watch could get rid of the fear of crime of residents. 3. Developing the neighborhood watch would help the residents get involved to the community security matters. 4. The successful elements of the community watch are good leaders and stable funding. 5. Creating the neighborhood watch becomes the basic request of ¡§secured community¡¨. 6. Promoting the community public security network help improve the alienation between people. 7. After creating the community watch, the interaction between residents increased and activities as well. 8. After creating the community watch, we could build up the community security network system. 9. Government compiles the expenditure in a long term to support the community, and that is the largest expectation for residents. 10. After systematizing the operation of the community watch, the politics could also take part in the activities to create win-win situation. 11. Having security conferences periodically could respond the request of community security. 12. After creating the neighborhood watch, the quality of life in the community could get better. 13. The stronger the relationship in the community security network is, the higher the happiness of the community residents have. Although there are lots of problems in the community, we can¡¦t expect they could be solved overnight. However, ¡§the foundation of success is to get going¡¨; we hope we could at least simplify these problems. The final goal of this study is looking for the possible approaches which make people satisfied and let the government promote easily, especially in the area of community security.

Time has changed. The police can no longer take it for granted that they can conduct ¡§household investigation¡¨ simply on the basis of the 9th article of Police Law. After lifting of the martial law in July 15, 1987, Taiwan government observed its constitution and instituted a new system, Police House Visitation Practice, by the Interior Ministry to continue the practice of monitoring its citizenry. However, the 5th and 6th articles of this law which stipulated the citizens¡¦ obligations and penalties were apparently in violation of a higher law, Administrative Procedure Law. In particular they are against the 150th and the 158th articles of Administrative Procedure Law which maintains that acts or regulations should have their bases on law and should not against the spirit of this law (150th article) and these acts and regulation should be nullified if they have no basis of law and they infringe the rights and freedom of movement of its citizenry (158th article). Based on these principles, the 9th article of Police Act was therefore abolished by the Interior Ministry in October 31, 2000. In July of 2007, the 1st item of the 11th article of Police Operation Practice was amended and specifies that: ¡§The Interior Ministry should stipulate the policies for police officers in their beats to visit households, to provide service, to investigate and to maintain the social order.¡¨ The 60-year practice of police ¡§household investigation¡¨ becomes a history. Household investigation is no long the main theme of police activities, instead other major functions such as crime prevention, service and social security survey are the main focuses of police operations. This study examines and evaluates the soundness of police beat investigation from the perspectives of the basic theories of administrative law including five (5) major frameworks of administration: principles, organizations, authorities, remedies and supervision. This study also seeks to identify the potential problems and discuss the feasible remedies for any deficiency of this act. And finally policymakers can make good use of the findings and recommendations of this study to enact sound police polices to promote and protect the well-being of their constituents.

M. Tech. Policing / This study is concerned with Community Policing Forums in the Gauteng North policing areas and the local communities, as well as police's knowledge, about the concept. The study investigates the implementation and effectiveness of Community Policing Forums as a crime prevention tool method and how it is managed.

Thesis (MTech. degree in Policing.)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2012. / The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act 108 of 1996), prescribe Community policing as the style of policing to be adopted by the South African Police Service to meet the safety and security requirements of all people in the country. Fundamental transformation is therefore needed to ensure that the South African Police Service develops into a community-oriented police service which adopts a consultative approach to meeting the safety and security needs of the communities it serves, a service which therefore becomes more accessible and acceptable and more efficient and effective. Based on the philosophy of the establishment of community policing approach in South Africa and the time lag, one wonders if the cardinal objective has been met in terms of crime prevention, especially community and neighbourhood based ones as crime rate in South Africa appears to be on the increase. This study therefore investigated the impact of community policing approach on crime prevention in Eldorado Park Policing Area, specifically, the successes, failure and challenges facing community policing in the area where interrogated.

Since the early 1990s, the Vancouver Police Department has embarked upon coproductive service arrangements with various geographic communities throughout the city of Vancouver. Through the vehicle of storefront crime prevention offices (CPOs), local communities and the police are working in partnership to problem-solve around local crime and safety issues. Three models of crime prevention offices have emerged: ethnic-specific, police-run, and community-run. This thesis focuses on a case study of the community-run model—community crime prevention offices (CCPOs). Through participant observation, key informant interviews, analysis of policy documents and a review of the respective literatures on community policing and community crime prevention theory and practice, the present case study was examined. Key informants revealed basic partner expectations. The community expect the police to be accessible to the offices through their physical presence and by ongoing two-way communications regarding community crime-related concerns. The police, in return, expect the CCPOs to provide a conduit through which community needs and priorities can be communicated to them. Each partner brings to the office function different responsibilities. The community is responsible for maintaining adequate levels of community support for office programs and services. The police provide a set level of human and material resources to all crime prevention offices. Much has been written on the rationale behind the "community-police partnership" era. However, less has been written about the effective implementation of such partnerships. While the main thrust behind the formation of CPOs has been occurring since 1994, there are still no clear guidelines set regarding partner roles and responsibilities. The future viability of CCPOs is predicated on the mutual accountability of both the community and the police. Future steps could be taken to ensure the responsibility of both partners in this process: 1) a partnership agreement should be implemented between the community and the police to clarify expectations and role contributions; 2) accountability measures should be in place to reflect partner expectations and roles; 3) the police, as public servants, should address the resource inequities which exist among CCPOs; 4) the community should ensure CCPO programming is responsive to broad-based community need; and 5) ongoing efforts should be made to enhance partner communication. CCPOs have proven to be a vehicle of great promise. CCPOs are an interesting coproductive blend of community self-help and police re-organization along community policing lines. By first addressing their commitment to each other as partners, and attending to some of the weaknesses in this present partnership configuration, a more effective partnership will result. Such a partnership will better serve their mutual goals to enhance the safety and livability of Vancouver neighbourhoods.

The thesis explores the roles and reponsibilities of New Zealand Police deployed under the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands, established in 2003. Their work under this banner continues a growing trend that sees the deployment of constabulary police officers to post-conflict societies to re-establish order and build a framework for sustainable peace. Where the existing literature considers the normative dimensions of this trend, this thesis looks more closely at the micro-level interaction between international police officers and citizens of post-conflict societies. In particular, it asks questions about the suitability and sustainability of the community policing model; a model that has developed over several decades in an internal law-enforcement context but is relatively new to the peace-building sphere. The research focus is drawn from the extensive literature on the use of community policing in domestic contexts but is adapted in order to speak back to the literature on peace-bulding and international policing. The everyday experiences of New Zealand Police were deployed to Solomon Islands were explored through semi-structured interviews. In particular, the thesis found that officers experiences little of the ethnic conflict that had, according to international media, been the hallmark of the Tension period and that they showed a nuanced understanding of the social and political climate of the communities they operated in. It further found that, while officers were often keen to show respect for local tradition and local power structures, they also saw that in some cases these structures needed to be broken down for the safety and well-being of local people, particularly women and children. The New Zealand style of community policing sometimes clashed with that other contingents but overall the strength of the personal and professional relationships they had with those they worked with was the most decisive factor influencing their experience. While much of the discussion centres on the community model, the findings highlight the importance of people in the peace-building process. The model played an important role in facilititating a broad-based policing initiative in Solomon Islands but it was the personal investment by individual officers going about their everyday work that was often crucial in breaking down the barriers to peace. The finding points to the importance of empowering communities in exercising ownership over the peace-building process and the role that police officers from another country can play in encouraging that process.