The feasibility of intercity helicopter service has been demonstrated at several locations in North America. To study the feasibility of a helicopter service in the Phoenix-Tucson corridor, the travel time and cost characteristics of a proposed helicopter service were compared to the characteristics of existing travel modes in the corridor. Helicopter service travel times were developed using current helicopter performance data and an assumption that heliports would be located in the central business districts of each city. Helicopter service travel cost (fare) was developed using the break-even analysis relating operating cost to demand revenue. From the comparative analysis, significant travel time savings would result with a helicopter service if demand exists between the heliport locations and heliport access times are negligible. However, any travel time savings were offset by significant higher travel costs for the helicopter service when compared with the travel costs of existing modes.

Essa tese de doutorado tem como objetivo estudar o diferencial de gênero no tempo de commuting dos indivíduos e entender sua relação com a Hipótese da Responsabilidade Doméstica (HRH, em inglês). Em um primeiro momento busca-se identificar as diferenças no comportamento de viagens a trabalho de homens e mulheres e associá-las à HRH, ao passo que a segunda parte vai mais a fundo na questão da divisão de tarefas e analisa o papel das normas sociais como motor do diferencial de gênero no tempo de commuting. Lançando mão de informações provenientes da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) de 2011 a 2015 para indivíduos casados, a primeira parte constrói uma métrica para o grau de responsabilização do cônjuge com os afazeres domésticos e investiga a sua importância na determinação do tempo de commuting. Os principais resultados indicam que gênero só se apresenta como característica relevante para explicar a duração do deslocamento ao trabalho nos cenários em que a parcela desempenhada de afazeres domésticos não é levada em consideração. Testes de robustez mostram que o efeito da HRH sobrevive mesmo quando incluídos nas regressões aspectos do mercado de trabalho que tradicionalmente são apontados como explicações para homens e mulheres apresentarem diferentes durações do commuting. Reconhecendo que a divisão de afazeres domésticos é influenciada pelos papéis de gênero que cada cônjuge assume dentro de um casamento, a segunda parte utiliza dados do Censo Brasileiro de 2010 para incluir na análise casais do mesmo sexo e entender como as normas sociais podem ser responsáveis pelas diferentes durações no trajeto casa-trabalho de homens e mulheres. Os resultados revelam que casais do mesmo sexo apresentam maior probabilidade de terem o mesmo tempo de commuting e que mulheres que se relacionam com outras mulheres conseguem ter maior mobilidade no espaço urbano, trazendo evidências de que o afrouxamento das normas sociais, materializado na não-designação tradicional de papéis sociais de gênero em um casamento, tem efeitos positivos sobre a igualdade do commuting. A pesquisa aqui desenvolvida expande a fronteira do conhecimento em várias frentes, a começar por trazer a discussão para fora do eixo dos países desenvolvidos. Mais importante ainda, discute o desenrolar da HRH no que diz respeito à capacidade de se locomover no espaço em busca de melhores oportunidades de emprego. Finalmente, a pesquisa ainda traz insights sobre a diferença entre gênero e papéis de gênero como condicionantes do comportamento de viagem dos indivíduos, permitindo que políticas públicas sejam desenhadas visando mitigar os efeitos adversos da HRH para as mulheres. / This dissertation deals with the gender differential in the commuting time of individuals and aims to understand its relationship with the Household Responsibility Hypothesis (HRH). First, it seeks to identify the differences in the behavior of travel to work for men and women and to associate them with HRH. The second part explores the issue of the division of household chores and analyzes the role of social norms as the motor of the gender differential in commuting time. Using information from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) from 2011 to 2015 for married individuals, the first part constructs a metric for the degree of accountability of the spouse to household chores and investigates their importance in determining commuting time. The main results indicate that gender is a relevant characteristic only to explain travel time to work in the scenarios in which the portion of household chores performed is not taken into account. Moreover, robustness tests show that the HRH effect persists even when aspects of the labor market that are traditionally pointed out as explanations for men and women presenting different durations of commuting are included in the regressions. Acknowledging that household chores are influenced by the gender roles each spouse takes in a marriage, the second part uses data from the 2010 Brazilian Census to include same-sex couples in the analysis to understand how social norms can account for different commuting times for men and women. The results show that same-sex couples are more likely to have the same commuting time and that women who relate to other women are able to have greater mobility in the urban space, bringing evidence that the loosening of social norms, materialized by the non-designation of traditional gender roles in a marriage, has positive effects on commuting equality. The research developed here pushes the boundary of knowledge on several fronts, starting with exploring the issue out of the usual circuit of developed countries. More importantly, it discusses the development of HRH with regard to the ability to move around in space in search of better employment opportunities. Finally, the research brings insights into the difference between gender and gender roles as constraints on individuals\' travel behavior, enabling the design of public policies to mitigate the adverse effects of HRH for women.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of two divergent methods for delineating commuting regions, also called labour market areas, in a situation that the base spatial units differ largely in size as a result of an irregular population distribution. Commuting patterns in Sweden have been analyzed with geographical information system technology by delineating commuting regions using two regionalization methods. One, a rule-based method, uses one-way commuting flows to delineate local labour market areas in a top-down procedure based on the selection of predefined employment centres. The other method, the interaction-based Intramax analysis, uses two-way flows in a bottom-up procedure based on numerical taxonomy principles. A comparison of these methods will expose a number of strengths and weaknesses. For both methods, the same data source has been used. The performance of both methods has been evaluated for the country as a whole using resident employed population, self-containment levels and job ratios for criteria. A more detailed evaluation has been done in the Goteborg metropolitan area by comparing regional patterns with the commuting fields of a number of urban centres in this area. It is concluded that both methods could benefit from the inclusion of additional control measures to identify improper allocations of municipalities. / <p>Open Access</p>

Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université Laval, 2000. / Comprend des réf. bibliogr.

No description available.

Research indicates that students who reside on campus are more likely than commuter students to persist in their studies until graduation. The purpose of this study is to explore factors that may influence retention for commuter students. Data were collected from 20 commuter students at a primarily undergraduate four-year institution, in three stages: administration of a brief questionnaire, individual in-depth interviews, and a focus group. The qualitative data gained was coded and analyzed, and a grounded theory entitled “the commuter student experience” was developed. The theory contains three main categories, various subcategories, and a mediating variable. The results and findings of this study provide validation for existing areas of research on commuter students; however, they also suggest areas for further exploration. / ix, 107 leaves ; 29 cm

Researchers report the need for attrition and persistence studies of adult college students. While adults are enrolling in colleges in record numbers, high percentages are also dropping out. The majority of studies have been completed on 18 to 21 year-old traditional students who have different views, perspectives, and needs than adult students. The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics that have contributed to the persistence of adult commuter students who have earned 60 or more semester hours of college credit.The study was conducted at a midsize midwestern commuter college. The model of Bean and Metzner (1985) was used for the study. Evidence was gathered by in-depth, structured interviews of 20 college students who had completed 60 or more hours of college credit. Using a qualitative analysis, responses were transcribed and inserted in a prestructured case outline. Contact summary sheets, clusters, a frequency network, and two matrices were constructed to weigh the evidence, the characteristics that contributed to persistence, and to note the themes and patterns.The research indicated students varied by ethnicity, social class, and gender. Conclusions were that self-reliance was a characteristic of persistent students who assumed control for selecting courses, attending classes, and studying. Social support from outside or inside the university and a time commitment to college were important. Sufficient study skills, the discipline to study alone, and time management skills were also hallmarks of the successful students. The student's perception that the student was succeeding the first year of college appeared to be important. Beginning college at risk appeared to make only a slight difference in students at 60 or more hours of college.Implications were that administrators should educate students as to what characteristics contribute to success, and, when possible, provide characteristics of success so adult students persist to degree completion. Providing characteristics of success may promote persistence more than eliminating characteristics of dropouts. Recommendations were made for further gender, ethnic, socioeconomic, and developmental studies. / Department of Educational Leadership

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 61-63) Also available in print.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel Schneider.pdf: 10562757 bytes, checksum: 97b57a679950618acfdbccd41027d91a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-12 / Fundação Araucária / The commuting is understood as carried out by individuals who reside in a municipality and work and/or study in another, allowing people to enter the labor market and/or improve their skills when they don t find the desired opportunities in the municipality in which reside. This work aimed to study the commuting of the cities of Cascavel and Toledo, poles of Western Paraná mesoregion in 2000 and 2010. Quantification and study of commuting are part of urban and regional planning and help identify the population amount that should be considered in the formulation of public policies. The data relating to commuting are extracted from Demographic Census microdata of 2000 and 2010 of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Thus, the commuting has a direct relationship with the economic dynamics of the region and the quality of life offered by them. The study showed that municipalities poles of Cascavel and Toledo are attractive, since it had greater input than output, both commuting workers and students. The intensity of the flows increased during the study period, indicating greater spatial population dynamics, since the fall of the participation of Curitiba (state capital) in commuting output of municipalities, together with the predominance of relationships, both commuting entry to the output of the closest cities - especially those belonging to own western Paraná - demonstrate the consolidation of the economic dynamics of the poles in the region and reflect the increase in the supply of jobs and vacancies in higher education. Regarding gender and age of individuals who traveled highlights the predominance of men in commuting to work, while women predominate in commuting to study. Overall individuals were young and single, but such characteristics declined during the period and, in 2010, there was increased participation of adult and elderly people and also married (especially regarding the purpose of work) in commuting. Another factor to be noted is that, with respect to Cascavel and Toledo outgoing mobility, the main motivator was the work, and with respect to incoming mobility, education has become the greatest motivation in 2010, which indicates the importance of higher education institutions of the municipalities and that they have also become educational centers, attracting students from throughout the region. / O movimento pendular é compreendido como o realizado por pessoas que residem em um município e trabalham e/ou estudam em outro, permitindo que as pessoas possam ingressar no mercado de trabalho e/ou melhorar sua qualificação quando não encontram as oportunidades desejadas no município em que residem. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo os movimentos pendulares dos municípios de Cascavel e Toledo, polos da mesorregião Oeste do Paraná, em 2000 e 2010. A quantificação e o estudo dos movimentos pendulares faz parte do planejamento urbano e regional, e auxiliam na identificação da quantia populacional que deve ser considerada na formulação das políticas públicas. Os dados referentes aos movimentos pendulares foram extraídos dos microdados dos Censos Demográficos de 2000 e 2010 do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Assim, o movimento pendular possui relação direta com a dinâmica econômica das regiões e com a qualidade de vida oferecida pelas mesmas. O estudo demonstrou que os municípios polos de Cascavel e Toledo são atrativos, já que apresentaram maior entrada do que saída, tanto de trabalhadores como de estudantes pendulares. A intensidade dos movimentos pendulares aumentaram entre o período estudado, indicando maior dinâmica populacional espacial, ao passo que, a queda da participação de Curitiba - capital do Estado no movimento pendular de saída dos municípios, juntamente com a predominância das relações, tanto do movimento pendular de entrada como no de saída dos municípios mais próximos principalmente dos pertencentes à própria região Oeste do Paraná demonstram a consolidação da dinâmica econômica dos polos na região, e refletem o aumento da oferta de empregos e de vagas no ensino superior. Com relação ao gênero e idade das pessoas que se deslocavam, destaca-se a predominância dos homens no movimento para trabalho, enquanto as mulheres predominaram no movimento para estudo. A maioria das pessoas eram jovens e solteiras, porém, tais características decaíram no período e, no ano de 2010, houve maior participação de pessoas adultas, idosas, e também de casadas - principalmente com relação à finalidade de trabalho - nos movimentos pendulares. Outro fato a ser ressaltado é o de que, com relação ao movimento de saída de Cascavel e Toledo, o principal motivador foi o trabalho, e, com relação ao movimento de entrada, a educação passou a ser a maior motivação em 2010, o que indica a importância das Instituições de Ensino Superior dos municípios e que estes se tornaram, também, polos educacionais, atraindo estudantes de toda a região.

Academic institutions have recently organized to address their campus' greenhouse gas emissions. Along those lines, the University of North Texas (UNT) pledged to minimize the campus' environmental impact, and conducted a transportation survey in May 2009. The analyses confirm that commuting to campus was the second highest source (29%) of UNT's greenhouse gas emissions, following purchased electricity (48%). Students, faculty and staff drive over 89 million miles per year, 84% of which comes from students. Forty&#8208;two percent of student driving trips originate in the primary and secondary core areas surrounding Denton, which are partially served by buses. However, because these core areas are in close proximity to the campus, they contribute only 8% of the total student driving distance. Beyond the Denton core, the inner periphery of Denton County contributes another 22% of driving mileage. Students living in the outer periphery (outside Denton County) contribute the remaining 70% of total driving distance, and carpooling is currently their only alternative.