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Bakgrund: Medkänsla är en hörnsten i omvårdnad. En del av att visa medkänsla är att dela andra personers lidande. Vid compassion fatigue förlorar sjuksköterskan förmågan att visa medkänsla och får därmed svårt att möta lidande. Compassion fatigue har en negativ inverkan på sjuksköterske- och patientrelationen såväl som sjuksköterskans egna fysiska och psykiska hälsa samt förändrar hur sjuksköterskan ser på sin roll och på yrket. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa sjuksköterskans upplevelse av compassion fatigue. Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes med kvalitativ ansats och tio artiklar inkluderades i resultatet. Databassökningarna gjordes i databaserna Cinahl och Pubmed. SBU:s granskningsmall för kvalitativ forskningsmetod användes vid kvalitetsgranskningen och för analysen användes Popenoes manual för dataanalys av litteraturstudier. Resultat: Två kategorier framkom: Compassion fatigue på arbetet och compassion fatigue under ledig tid samt nio subkategorier: tömd på energi, känslor av otillräcklighet, sorg vid patienters bortgång, förlorad medkänsla i mötet med patienten, förändringar av den professionella rollen, förändrad syn på sjuksköterskeyrket, gränsen mellan arbete och fritid suddas ut, trötthet i själen och mindre energi för personliga relationer. Konklusion: Vid compassion fatigue upplever sjuksköterskan att tillvaron förändras och hälsan försämras. När sjuksköterskor inte förmår möta sitt eget lidande förlorar de förmågan att möta och lindra patienters lidande och förmågan att visa medkänsla försvinner. När förmågan att visa medkänsla går förlorad kan patienters smärta och stress öka samt patienters hälsa försämras. / Background: Compassion is a cornerstone of nursing. Part of showing compassion is sharing the suffering of others. When affected by compassion fatigue the nurse loses the ability to show compassion. Compassion fatigue has a negative impact on the nurse and patient relationship as well as the nurse's own physical and mental health and changes how the nurse views her role and the profession.Aim: the aim of the literature review is to illuminate the nurse’s experience of compassion fatigue. Method: A literature review was conducted with a qualitative approach and ten articles were included in the results. The database searches were made in the databases Cinahl and Pubmed. SBU's review template for qualitative research methods was used in the quality review and for the analysis Popenoe´s manual for data analysis of literature studies was used. Result: Two categories emerged: Compassion fatigue at work and compassion fatigue during free time as well as nine subcategories: depleted of energy, feelings of inadequacy, grief at the death of patients, loss of compassion in the meeting with the patient, changes in the professional role, changed view of the nursing profession, blurring of the boundary between work and leisure, fatigue of the soul and less energy for personal relationships. Conclusion: For the nurse experiencing compassion fatigue the existence changes and health deteriorates. When nurses are unable to face their own suffering, they lose the ability to face and alleviate patients' suffering and feel compassion. When nurses' ability to show compassion is lost, patients' pain and stress can increase, and patients' health deteriorate.

Bakgrund: I sjuksköterskans arbete ingår det att stödja och vårda patienter i olika skeden i livet. Många sjuksköterskor arbetar med patienter och närstående i svåra situationer. Compassion fatigue är något som drabbar sjuksköterskor och innebär att sjuksköterskan tar på sig sina patienters smärta och lidande. Detta resulterar i att sjuksköterskans förmåga att engagera och känna för sina patienter försvinner.   Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av Compassion fatigue.  Metod: Litteraturöversikt i enlighet med Friberg, (2017). Fyra kvalitativa artiklar, fem kvantitativa artiklar och en artikel med mixmetod utgivna mellan 2008–2018 inkluderades och analyserades.  Resultat: I resultatet för litteraturöversikten identifierades tre teman, Vårdrelationens roll i upplevelser av Compassion fatigue, Sjuksköterskans arbetsmiljön och Arbetslivserfarenhet och ålder.   Diskussion: Watsons teori om mänsklig omsorg ligger tillgrund för diskussionen. Sjuksköterskans självkännedom och förmåga att ta hand om sig själv spelar en stor roll i vårdandet av andra. / Background: The nurse's work includes supporting and caring for patients in different stages of life. Many nurses work close with patients and relatives in difficult situations. Compassion fatigue is something that affects nurses and means that the nurse takes on her patients' pain and suffering. This results in the nurse's ability to engage and feel for their patients disappear.  Aim: The aim was to describe nurses experiences of Compassion fatigue.  Method: Literature review in accordance with Friberg, (2017). Four qualitative articles, five quantitative articles and an article with mix method published between 2008-2018 were included and analyzed.  Results: In the results of the literature review three themes was identified, Caring relationships roll in the experiace of Compassion fatigue, Nurses working environment and Worklife experience and age.  Discussion: Watson's theory of human caring is the foundations for the discussion. Nurses own self-knowledge and ability to take care of themselves plays a major part in caring for others.

<p><bold>Background</bold>: Family caregivers for a parent with dementia often experience negative emotional consequences. These caregivers may also be at risk for compassion fatigue, a concept that was introduced to the health care community as feelings of anger, inefficacy, apathy, and depression resulting from a caregiver's inability to cope with devastating stress. Compassion fatigue was first observed in nurses and later in other caring professionals such as social workers and psychologists and the definition was adapted to focus on prolonged exposure to suffering as one of the primary causes.</p><p>Although compassion fatigue has not been studied in family caregivers providing care at home, their experiences, particularly those of adult daughter caregivers for parents with dementia, appear to create a foundation for developing compassion fatigue. For this reason, it was important to investigate compassion fatigue in this growing population of caregivers and this dissertation explored compassion fatigue in daughter caregivers for parents with dementia. The dissertation aims were to 1) identify common themes across the literature on compassion fatigue and to apply these themes and the existing model of compassion fatigue to informal caregivers for family members with dementia, 2) analyze secondary data from Project ASSIST to substantiate a need for further study of compassion fatigue in adult daughter caregivers of a parent with dementia, 3) explore the feasibility of studying compassion fatigue in family caregivers, and 4) explore compassion fatigue and the contributing factors and potential outcomes of compassion fatigue in adult daughter caregivers for parents with dementia.</p><p><bold>Methods</bold>: The dissertation consisted of three studies. The first study, a review of the literature addressed aim 1 of the dissertation as I applied the established model of compassion fatigue to family caregivers. The second study, a secondary analysis pilot study addressed aim 2 and aim 3 of the dissertation study. The third study of the dissertation was a qualitative study exploring the concept of compassion fatigue in daughter caregivers for parents with dementia. </p><p><bold>Conclusions</bold>: The literature review found evidence to support the components of the established model of compassion fatigue and findings suggested additional work was needed on the concept of compassion fatigue in family caregivers. Findings from the secondary analysis provided support for more in-depth exploration of the concept of compassion fatigue in family caregivers. Findings from the larger qualitative study provided support for many of the factors related to compassion fatigue, but also suggested revisions to the established model of compassion fatigue were needed. A revised model was created based upon the findings from this dissertation.</p><p>The revised model incorporates the contributing factors and moderators of compassion fatigue found in family caregivers and the model also proposes revised characteristics and outcomes of compassion fatigue. Findings from this dissertation also suggest new areas for research, specifically with all dementia caregivers and caregivers who do not utilize formal or informal support. Additional value from this dissertation derives from the detailed explanation of previous relationship quality, empathy, and caregiving experience. This dissertation is one of a few qualitative studies on compassion fatigue to provide this level of detail and serves to anchor future research on compassion fatigue in all family caregivers.</p> / Dissertation

Veterinary medicine is an intense profession that begins with rigorous and demanding veterinary training. Within veterinary training, technical competencies generally receive more attention and emphasis than non-technical competencies, leaving many veterinarians at increased risk for compassion fatigue and other forms of mental illness. Two non-technical competencies that need further empirical investigation are communication and the influence of compassion on veterinarians. Communication is central to veterinary success; communication style was measured using the Communication Styles Inventory. Compassion has been recognized as having both positive effects (satisfaction) and negative effects (fatigue); compassion experiences were measured using a version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale. This research study investigated the relationship between compassion experiences and communication styles of 4th-year veterinarians-in-training using a canonical correlation analysis. Differences in compassion experiences and in communication styles among men and women veterinarians-in-training were investigated using 2 one-way MANOVAs. Results indicated that communication style of 4th-year veterinary students is statistically significantly related to their compassion experiences (n = 281; Function 1, Rc = .552, p < .001; Function 2,Rc = .369, p < .001). Compassion fatigue was found to have a statistically significant association with the communication styles of Emotionality (r = .467, p < .001), Impression Manipulativeness (r = .191, p = .001), and Verbal Aggressiveness (r = .239, p = .001). Compassion satisfaction was found to have a statistically significant association with the communication style of Expressiveness (r = -.326, p = .001). Men and women veterinarians-in-training showed statistically significantly different communication styles (p < .001), with women showing higher levels of Emotionality (p = .001) and men showing higher levels of Impression Manipulativeness (p = .005). Men and women veterinarians-in-training showed statistically significantly different compassion experiences (p = .044); however, univariate effects yielded no significant differences in levels of fatigue or satisfaction. Using the Compassion Fatigue Resilience Model as the theoretical framework, results indicate that veterinary training programs should consider providing specific training that will help students build skills and resources to help manage their styles of communication to decrease risk of developing compassion fatigue and increase levels of compassion satisfaction.

The purpose of this study is to expand on the existing framework for the analysis of compassion fatigue by exploring contributing factors not traditionally examined such as increases in the number of patients assigned to each nurse, more hours of work per shift, the use of non-licensed clinical personnel instead of licensed clinical personnel, and changes in work flow management. This thesis explores one main research question: How does the corporatization of America’s healthcare system contribute to nurse’s lived experience of compassion fatigue? Michael Burawoy’s extended case method is deployed in order to gain a broader understanding of compassion fatigue. Content analysis of one semi-structured life world interview and two nurses’ blogs reveal four major themes that enlarge the scope of compassion fatigue: professional disheartenment, adverse implications, ethical conflict, and technological distress. Results reveal that the corporatization of America’s healthcare contributes to compassion fatigue amongst nurses. An alternative approach to compassion fatigue considers the socio- economic and political environment of compassion fatigue and how that contributes to nurses’ lived experience of compassion fatigue.

Bakgrund: Medlidande kan ses som något sjuksköterskan bör ha förmågan till för att kunna ge en god vård. Genom att ta del av patientens känslor och lidande byggs en god vårdrelation, men att ständigt utsättas för andras lidande kan få konsekvenser. Sjuksköterskor som drabbas av compassion fatigue riskerar att förlora sin empatiska förmåga vilket speglas i både den vårdande relationen och patientsäkerheten. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa hur compassion fatigue kan förebyggas hos sjuksköterskor. Metod: En deskriptiv litteraturstudie som inkluderar både kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar. Analysen som utfördes var en innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre huvudkategorier: Förebyggande genom ökad kunskap och reflektion, genom mentorskap och stöd samt genom stresshantering. Samtliga kategorier har visats vara förebyggande mot CF och kan implementeras i vården som helhet. Slutsats: I dagsläget är kunskapen om CF bristfällig men genom ökad kunskap och förståelse kan riskerna för att drabbas minska. Goda vårdrelationer och minskad stress är två nyckelfaktorer i att förebygga uppkomsten av CF. En sjuksköterska som har tid för återhämtning kommer kunna ge en bättre vård.

Nurses experiencing compassion fatigue (CF) are emotionally exhausted, which contributes to decreased nurse retention and patient satisfaction. The focus of this project was to identify factors that contribute to CF. A systematic review was conducted to identify demographic factors that contribute to CF in the acute care setting, clarify the types of care situations that increase CF, and describe the social support networks of nursing units influencing CF. The review included peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2007 and 2018 that focused on registered nurses in the acute care setting. Using the grading of recommendation assessment development and evaluation format, 3 articles in Level of Evidence 1 and 11 articles in Level of Evidence 3 were included in this review. Findings showed that demographic factors such as age, gender, level of education, and years as a nurse contributed to CF. Care situations that contribute to CF include mixed-acuity-level patient units and an increase in administrative duties that are not directly related to patient care. A nursing unit's social support network has a direct impact on reducing CF: Units with peer support and respect have less CF, units with managers who are active and listen to staff have lower CF, and units with a change in management or nursing practice have higher levels of CF. Implications of this study for social change include approaches to help nurses balance care of patients and administrative tasks as well as creating education on factors that lead to CF. Interventions focused on promoting a working environment in which nurses' input is valued may prevent nurses from leaving their jobs or the nursing profession, which could improve patient satisfaction with nursing care.

This thesis attempted to examine the impact of self-care, compassion fatigue and burnout on social work students. This was achieved through the use of a Demographic Survey, the Self-Care Assessment, the Professional Quality of Life-IV (ProQOL-IV) survey, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). A total of three research questions were examined statistically, that included: the most common methods of self-care employed, the overall levels of compassion fatigue, and the overall levels of burnout. Title 4e was also taken into consideration when developing and designing the questions and summary recommendations. Questionnaires were sent out electronically, with an actual response rate of twenty eight percent. A Spearman’s Correlation, Cronbach Alpha, and t-test were used to analyze the data to determine if certain variables were affected when compared to each other. There was evidence by the data that the participants are very knowledgeable of self-care in such areas as spirituality, psychological care, emotional care, and a balanced work/professional life. The area that did show a difference was between age and self-care. Older students tended to have lower burnout and compassion fatigue issues compared to their younger counterparts. For future research, it is recommended that similar studies be conducted on BASW and MSW students to insure they have a clear understanding of burnout, how to it happens, and how best to avoid it.

Child welfare social workers have extremely demanding jobs, which may often lead to burnout and compassion fatigue. The purpose of this research study was to explore self-care methods implemented by child welfare social workers, the methods that work best for them and the ways in which these practices assist in preventing and reducing the risks of compassion fatigue and burnout. This research study also explored the ways in which child welfare social workers have been able to cope and prevent compassion fatigue and burnout. This research study utilized a qualitative, exploratory research approach. Face-to-face interviews with fifteen participants were taken place at the Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) offices within Los Angeles County. These interviews took place at various times and days. One major key finding from this study was the need for improvement in organizational support. Another key finding was the importance of self-care when coping with the daily stressors in the workplace and the ways in which self-care provides an outlet for preventing compassion fatigue and burnout. Participants all had different forms of self-care that worked best for their own wellbeing. It was determined that self-care strategies effectiveness depended on each individual’s response to the approach. Determining the best ways for social workers to cope with traumatic experiences in the workplace allows for administration to strengthen policies, such as ongoing training and supervision, while also being aware of the signs that child welfare social workers may display when they are experiencing compassion fatigue and burnout.