Cette recherche se propose de revisiter l'histoire de l'autisme dans ses rapports avec la schizophrénie en interrogeant leur statut respectif dans la psychopathologie et dans la psychanalyse. Outre l'apport de cas de la littérature, j'ai utilisé l'outil clinique de la construction de cas, pour ordonner et commencer à théoriser les rencontres cliniques que j'ai pu faire. Ilhoa,Sacha, Milo et Louis guident les développements théoriques du chapitre axé sur la question du corps, de l'espace de surface à une contenance, de l'objet et de la jouissance pulsionnelle (orale, anale, scopique, invoquante) dans l'autisme de Kanner. Le travail de Jules, David et Lison illustre la difficulté du diagnostic dans la clinique entre schizophrénie autistique et autisme, où parfois seule la question des hallucinations permet de trancher. Je me suis ensuite appuyée sur le travail de Manu et Léon pour rendre compte du rapport au langage, à la pensée, au vivant, aux affects et à l'autre dans l'autisme de haut niveau et le syndrome d'Asperger. Puis sur le récit de Anna, Max et Gaël pour identifier le traitement réel que le schizophrène, qui a une défense mélancolique ou paranoïde, produit de la perte symbolique, de la division subjective. Ces rencontres m'ont appris que la singularité de ces sujets cache une forme spéciale de créativité pour construire un monde plus ordonné. Des modalités de lien à l'autre s'inventent, dans une dépendance n'impliquant pascependant les mêmes modalités de jouissance... Si cela ne voile pas la part intraitable du réel, un travail avec ces sujets est toujours possible, même s'ils ne se manifestent pas et ne parlent pas, même s'ils sont en errance ou dans un entre-deux... Ainsi, l'a-structure de l'autisme n'est pas assimilable au conformisme ou à la dé-structuration qu’entraîne la schizophrénie / This research proposes to revisit the history of autism in its relations with schizophrenia by querying their respective status in the psychopathology and psychoanalysis. In addition to providing case of literature, I used the tool in the construction of clinical cases, to order and begin to theorize the clinical encounters that I have done. Ilhoa, Sacha, Milo and Louis are used as guide for the theoretical developments of the chapter focusing on the question of the body, the space of a surface to capacity, the purpose and enjoyment instinctual (oral, anal, scopic, citing) in 'Kanner autism'. The work of Jules, David and Lison illustrates the difficulty to diagnose between schizophrenia and autism in the clinic, where sometimes only the question of sign and hallucinations enable us to decide. I have then used the work of Manu and Leon to account for the relation to language, to the thought, the living, the affects and the other in the high-functioning autism and Asperger syndrome. Then the story of Anna Max and Gael to identify the actual treatment that the schizophrenic, who has a melancholic or paranoid defence product of the symbolic loss, of the subjective division. These encounters have taught me that in the uniqueness of these individuals lies a special form of creativity to build a more ordered world. Schemes oflinks to the other are invented, which doesn't imply the same terms enjoyment by both parties… If this does not obscure the part of the intractable reality, working with these subjects is always possible, even if they do not come forward and do not speak, even if they are wandering or in an in-between state... Hence, autism astructure is not comparable to the conformism or the deconstruction brought about by schizophrenia

The Aim of this Thesis is give Readers a comprehensive Explanation of Compensation for the Damage to Health, as governed by Law-System of the Czech Republic. At the beginning of this Work we will try to outline a Brief historical Evolution of this Institute, the Days before BC, the Roman Empire, Feudalism, legislation Compensaton for the Damage to Health included in General Civil Code of 1811 and evolution of Legislation this Institute to Date. Than there will be a lecture about civil Liability, about who - what Subject or Subjects will in current Laws (at 1st April 2011) take Liability for Damage to Health. The Fact that this Group of Subjects could be liable for some Damage, there must be complied with the Law expected Conditions. One of this Conditions, is rise of Injury, say the Damage. This Damage must be caused by illegal Action of liable Subject. Finally between illegal Action of liable Subject and the Damage it must be the Causal Link, therefore the Damage must be caused by illegal Action. One of Chapters, allong the lines of Civil Code, is also devoted to Prevention of Damages. Thesis aims to explain to Reader mainly All types of Claims for Damage to Health caused by liable Subject. Between these individual Claims belongs Compensation for Pain and social Impairment, Compensation for loss...

Roller gear cam (RGC) mechanisms are widely used in modern industries. While operated at high speeds, the indexing precision of these devices will be influenced by their dynamic characteristics. In this study, the Bond Graph Method is employed to construct a mathematical model to simulate the dynamic responses of RGC mechanisms. Meanwhile, associated experiments will be made to verify the effectiveness of this model. The influences of torque compensation mechanisms and different cam motion curves affecting the dynamic response of a RGC mechanism are observed. And the results show that the torque compensation mechanism is effective to the dynamic performance, and high-speed stability of a RGC mechanism. Besides, the simulated results also indicate that the kinematic properties of cam motion curves have certain influences on the residual vibrations of the system.

This thesis examines the impact of government action on the professional organisation of New Zealand counselling. In the late 1980s the government opened up opportunities for counsellors to gain funding for a new client group: people who had experienced sexual abuse. This opportunity to expand the coverage of clients for some counsellors encouraged counsellors to use the rhetoric of professionalisation as a strategy to improve their status and credibility in the eyes of the public and government. The same rhetoric provided justification for government to endorse the counsellors' professionalisation project. The thesis provides an account of the ways in which both government and diverse groups of counsellors used the rhetoric of professionalisation as a strategy to enforce and negotiate claims over occupational jurisdiction. Despite well documented sociological criticisms of linear or trait theories of professionalisation, their face validity is still widely accepted within professions. The thesis demonstrates how counsellors used a version of trait theories to guide their policies and actions. It shows how they combined this strategy with the active involvement of government in their professionalisation project. The combined strategy involved simultaneous competition and co-operation between and among counsellors and government personnel. The thesis suggests that counselling's professionalisation project in New Zealand would be better understood as a complex set of shifting arrangements between government and aspirant diverse professional groups. My work is based on the analysis of documents from, and interviews with personnel in, the New Zealand Association of Counsellors, university-based counsellor education programmes and the government agency that provides funding for specific types of counselling (the Accident Rehabilitation and Compensation Insurance Company).

Cette recherche se propose de revisiter l'histoire de l'autisme dans ses rapports avec la schizophrénie en interrogeant leur statut respectif dans la psychopathologie et dans la psychanalyse. Outre l'apport de cas de la littérature, j'ai utilisé l'outil clinique de la construction de cas, pour ordonner et commencer à théoriser les rencontres cliniques que j'ai pu faire. Ilhoa,Sacha, Milo et Louis guident les développements théoriques du chapitre axé sur la question du corps, de l'espace de surface à une contenance, de l'objet et de la jouissance pulsionnelle (orale, anale, scopique, invoquante) dans l'autisme de Kanner. Le travail de Jules, David et Lison illustre la difficulté du diagnostic dans la clinique entre schizophrénie autistique et autisme, où parfois seule la question des hallucinations permet de trancher. Je me suis ensuite appuyée sur le travail de Manu et Léon pour rendre compte du rapport au langage, à la pensée, au vivant, aux affects et à l'autre dans l'autisme de haut niveau et le syndrome d'Asperger. Puis sur le récit de Anna, Max et Gaël pour identifier le traitement réel que le schizophrène, qui a une défense mélancolique ou paranoïde, produit de la perte symbolique, de la division subjective. Ces rencontres m'ont appris que la singularité de ces sujets cache une forme spéciale de créativité pour construire un monde plus ordonné. Des modalités de lien à l'autre s'inventent, dans une dépendance n'impliquant pascependant les mêmes modalités de jouissance... Si cela ne voile pas la part intraitable du réel, un travail avec ces sujets est toujours possible, même s'ils ne se manifestent pas et ne parlent pas, même s'ils sont en errance ou dans un entre-deux... Ainsi, l'a-structure de l'autisme n'est pas assimilable au conformisme ou à la dé-structuration qu'entraîne la schizophrénie.

El sector back office ha tomado cada vez mayor posicionamiento en el mercado a través de los años, ya que los servicios que ofrecen a las empresas, les permite contar con una mayor flexibilidad tanto en costos como en tiempo. Así mismo, brinda recursos claves fundamentales para que se logre una buena rentabilidad en la organización; en específico, la gran razón por la que los grandes grupos empresariales han decidido establecer una empresa de servicios back office para centralizar los procesos, es porque disminuyen los intermediarios de manera que la administración de la empresa se vuelva más simplificada. La Corporación de Servicios Grupo Romero es una de las empresas pioneras en este modelo de servicio de back office, y fue creada con el fin de que las empresas del grupo se enfoquen en las actividades que generen valor y puedan conseguir ventaja competitiva en el mercado. De esta manera, se logra la sinergia de todos los procesos de apoyo al negocio en una sola empresa. En el presente trabajo, buscaremos determinar el impacto de los beneficios monetarios y no monetarios en el desempeño de los colaboradores; es decir, analizar y evaluar cómo influyen estos aspectos en el colaborador, ya que el desempeño laboral es el resultado de cómo se sienten los colaboradores en la organización y lo que implica pertenecer a ese espacio. La gran relación que tienen con las compensaciones que brinda el empleador con el desempeño y la consiguiente productividad es considerada estratégica para la organización. / The back office sector has taken more and more position in the market over the years, since the services offered to companies, allows them to have greater flexibility both in costs and time. Likewise, it provides key key resources for a good profitability to be achieved in the organization; specifically, the great reason why large business groups have decided to establish a back office service company to centralize processes, is because intermediaries decrease so that the management of the company becomes more simplified. The Grupo Romero Services Corporation is one of the pioneering companies in this back office service model, and was created with the aim of focusing group companies on activities that generate value and can achieve a competitive advantage in the market. In this way, the synergy of all business support processes in a single company is achieved. In the present work, we will seek to determine the impact of monetary and non-monetary benefits on the performance of employees; that is, analyze and evaluate how these aspects influence the collaborator, since the work performance is the result of how the employees feel in the organization and what it means to belong to that space. The great relationship that they have with the compensations that the employer offers with the performance and the consequent productivity is considered strategic for the organization. / Tesis

Sweden is the most gender-equal country in Europe, but nevertheless, there are still flaws in  certain areas, especially within the walls of the household when it comes to chores and financial responsibility. This examination is a qualitative, semi-structured interview study. The selection of respondents in this study are six heterosexual couples in the age of 20-30 and 40-60 years old, who lives together. My theoretical points of departure are Bourdieus’s theory of habitus, as well as his theory of cultural capital, which I have chosen to call resources in this study, along with a concept of generation which defines by a number of other renown scientists in the area. The study came to show that the couples which partook, tries hard to weigh out for the injustices in their relationship connected to, for example, their habitus and resources. In this study, I refer to this as compensations. These compensations are sorted into three themes: education and income, the lack of a parent, together with age and time. The result showed that the couples divided their home finances as equal as possible, that the women had a lower income than the men if they didn’t have an education, and that the people who had grown up with a single parent had from a young age had to help out a lot with chores at home. It also showed that the older couples did not wanted to follow in their own parents footsteps, but instead they wanted to create a more equal relationship by helping each other more. The younger couples had the same point of view.   The conclusions I drew from this are that the women needed a higher education in order to make as much money as their male partner, but also in order to have the possibility of making even more. It also emerged that the respondents compensated a little extra if they themselves had experienced the lack of a parent, since they had learned the value of helping each other and not letting one person draw the heavy load all by oneself.   At last but not least, the study showed that the aspect of generation had some influence since the couples broke the old conventions in one way or the other, in terms of the norms of the male versus the female role in the household.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The current research is concerned with exploring the quality of information technology (IT) control over financial reporting systems as reported under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. More specifically, this dissertation examines the association between organizational governance mechanisms and the occurrence and subsequent disclosure of IT control weaknesses. Despite the adverse impact of IT control weaknesses on internal control quality and financial reporting reliability, research on IT controls in general and IT control weaknesses in particular remains largely anecdotal with limited reliance on theory. The current work proposes and tests an integrated theoretical model of the antecedents of IT control weaknesses. The proposed model draws upon agency theory to provide a theoretical perspective of the occurrence of IT control weaknesses and upon corporate governance literature to solicit potential factors that influence the achievement of effective IT control over financial reporting. Drawing upon agency theory, this research views the existence of IT control weaknesses as a manifestation of an agency problem caused by information asymmetry and lack of alignment between the overall organization represented by its board of directors as a principal and its information systems (IS) organization represented by the top IS team as an agent. Drawing on corporate governance literature, this dissertation proposes two categories of governance and contracting mechanisms that the board of directors can employ to reduce information asymmetry and align the interests of the top IS team with those of the firm thereby reducing the agency problem. These categories are: IT governance mechanisms and IT executive incentive alignment mechanisms. The IT governance mechanisms involve two elements: first, the IT background element which includes (a) the IT background of the board of directors as reflected by two of its main committees, namely the corporate governance committee and the audit committee and (b) the IT background of the top management team; second, the IT executive element as reflected in terms of the structural and the expert power of the Chief Information Officer (CIO). The IT executive incentive alignment mechanisms include two elements: (a) the CIO’s absolute compensation level and (b) the pay disparity between the CIO and other members of the top management team. A research model integrating these elements is developed and tested with empirical data. For testing the proposed model, this dissertation uses a sample of firms with IT control weaknesses and a control group of similar firms with no IT control weaknesses for the years 2005-2009. Empirical results provide support for five of the seven hypotheses put forth in this research. Regarding the IT governance mechanisms, study findings indicate that a lower likelihood of disclosing IT-related control weaknesses is associated with having audit committee and corporate governance committee members with IT expertise. Furthermore, the study findings provide support for the contention that the goal congruence is contingent on the CIO’s power. To this end, the study finds that a lower likelihood of disclosing IT-related control weaknesses is associated with having CIOs with higher levels of structural and expert power. As for the incentive alignment mechanisms, empirical results provide support for the assertion that goal congruence is contingent on perceived pay equality between the CIO and other members of the top management team. The results indicate that the lower the pay disparity between IT executives and business executives in the top management team, the lower the likelihood of disclosing IT control weaknesses. The present study contributes to the current body of knowledge of literature in several ways. It is the first study to propose and test an integrated model of the antecedents of IT control weaknesses. The proposed model adds to the current literature by introducing agency theory as a theoretical basis of the antecedents of IT control weaknesses. Furthermore, this study adds to the current literature by introducing and providing empirical evidence linking the IT background of the corporate governance committee, the structural power and expert power of the CIO, and the CIO relative pay to the disclosure of IT control weaknesses over financial reporting. Lastly, this research contributes to practice by offering a much needed understanding for managers, directors, auditors, and regulators in their effort to improve the quality of IT control and the reliability of financial reporting.

Restriction of the exercise of the property rights in the protective zones The topic of the Master's degree thesis is focused on the issue of the protective zones especially in terms of restrictions of the exercise of the property rights. The work is primary based on the somewhat disparate legal regulation contained in a number of specific regulations. Besides the applicable law, the work examines the legal literature, periodicals, as well as the case law of the Czech courts. The main contribution of this work is to provide a comprehensive comparison of the two constitutionally guaranteed rights: property right and the right to a favourable environment, and the provision of a list of specific prohibitions and commands arising from the existence of protective zones. The work is divided into three chapters, while the topic of the work proceeds from general to particular and from the regulation of protective zones contained in the legislation of the highest legal force, followed by specific regulation and implementing regulation. Chapter one focuses on constitutional, private law and theoretical background of protection of property rights and the right to a favourable environment. Conclusion of the chapter deals with the solutions of the collision of these constitutionally guaranteed rights. This...