Disgust is an important adaptive mechanism in protection against disease. Disgust sensitivity is very variable between individuals and, according to the compensatory prophylaxis hypothesis (CPH), should be adjusted to individual's vulnerability to disease. The beginning of pregnancy is associated with a number of changes in the immune system and thus disgust sensitivity is expected to be increased. The aim of this thesis was to test the CPH in relation to longitudinal changes in disgust during pregnancy and after birth, as well as in comparison with non-pregnant control sample of women. Another aim was to observe the maladaptive role of disgust, specifically the relationship between trait anxiety and disgust. Against the set expectations, disgust was observed to increase during pregnancy in the animal reminder domain of disgust. However, the function of this domain in protection against disease has been criticized. These changes were only observed in pregnancies with a male fetus. In line with the CPH predictions, it was shown that women who reported having recent health problems also had higher disgust. Similarly, the results showed a possible protective role of mothers' increased disgust in the beginning of pregnancy, which was related to new-borns having a higher 10 minute APGAR score. When...

Title: Compensation of muscle asymmetries in cross-country skiers Objectives: The goal was to assemble methodological material, that is focused on muscle imbalances in cross-country skiers. Which is based on review of found materials and results gained from author's bachleor's thesis. Tasks: The task was a review of Czech and foreign literature followed by explanation of terms compensation exercise and muscle imbalances. Next task was assembling of methodological material, that is focused on muscle imbalances in cross-country skiers. Methods: Method used was comparative analysis of found materials reffering to the topic of muscle imbalances in cross-country skiers. Results: On the basis of review of found literature and results gained from author's bachleor's thesis was made a methodological tool - stack of compensation exercises for cross-country skiers. Keywords: cross-country skiing, muscle imbalance, compensatory exercise

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Reading aloud is considered an important part of child development yet there are still many children who come to school with limited experience of being read to at home. Research has shown that a contributing factor as to why children have limited experience with reading aloud, linking it to their socio-economic background. In this study, I have therefore decided to investigate if teachers in primary schools feel that they need to have compulsory assignments to reduce disparities in terms of students' experiences of reading aloud at home and how they work to compensate for the lack of reading aloud. In this study, I used three semi-structured interviews where three respondents participated to create an understanding of the issues of this study. The study shows that all teachers read aloud for a series of different reasons. Respondents are well aware of the school's compensatory mission and feel that it is their duty to make up for the lack of reading aloud. / Högläsning anses vara en viktig del av barns utveckling ändå kommer många barn till skolan med begränsad erfarenhet av högläsning i hemmet. Forskning har visat att en bidragande orsak till elever varierade omfattning av högläsning i hemmet kan kopplas till deras socioekonomiska bakgrund. I denna studie har jag därför valt att undersöka om verksamma lärare på lågstadiet anser att de har ett kompensatoriskt uppdrag i att utjämna skillnader vad det gäller elevernas erfarenheter av högläsning i hemmet och hur de då arbetar för att kompensera bristen av högläsning. I denna studie använde jag mig av tre semistrukturerade intervjuer där tre respondenter medverkade för att skapa en förståelse angående de frågeställningar och det syfte denna studie har. Studien visar att samtliga lärare högläser om än i varierad utsträckning i ett kompenserande syfte. Respondenterna är väl medvetna om skolans kompensatoriska uppdrag och de anser att det är deras skyldighet att kompensera för bristen av högläsning.

Skeletal muscle regeneration is hindered in severe injuries and degenerative diseases, including volumetric muscle loss (VML), due to the failure of current treatments to induce functional tissue growth. Various biological functions in skeletal muscle are supported by the extracellular matrix (ECM), a collection of proteins and glycosaminoglycans. <i>In vivo</i> studies on murine plantaris muscle hypertrophy indicate that ECM remodeling facilitates muscle growth, but a global analysis of ECM protein dynamics during skeletal muscle hypertrophy and repair are unknown. Understanding this influence of the ECM can establish instructive cues for regenerative therapies. Here, we define global proteomic changes throughout stages of plantaris muscle hypertrophy, with an emphasis on characterizing ECM proteins. Synergistic ablation of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles induced a compensatory hypertrophic effect causing a 40% mass increase in the plantaris muscle 28 days post injury. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed the differential abundance of 1233 proteins, including 99 ECM proteins, across five time points. After two days of injury, a significant increase of ECM glycoproteins was observed although the overall collagen abundance decreased. Throughout the duration of injury, the relative abundance of type I collagen decreased while there was an increase of proteins associated with type I collagen fibrillogenesis (types III and V) and basement membrane (types IV and VI). Collectively, these results provide a better understanding of ECM dynamics throughout skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Future studies will evaluate protein synthesis by using non-canonical amino acids to identify newly synthesized proteins. Temporal analysis of protein dynamics symbolic to injury and tissue growth will provide tissue engineers with precise information to develop successful regenerative therapies to restore functional muscle in VML.

The diploma thesis on the topic of Comprehensive rehabilitation of people with visual impairment gives an overview of the possibilities and importance of comprehensive rehabilitation for this target group. In the introductory part of my work I will focus on the definition of vision, visual impairment and comprehensive rehabilitation for people with visual impairment and possibilities of social services. In the final part there are interviews conducted by clients and staff of provided focused services of social rehabilitation. The aim of the thesis is to describe the psychosocial issue of a person with visual impairment and to give an overview of the possibilities and importance of comprehensive rehabilitation for this target group.

This thesis is concerned with compensatory mechanisms used by people with a lighter form of autism spectrum disorder (shortly ASD) in social situations. In terms of ASD, compensatory mechanisms are labeled as camouflage, because they hide symptoms of autism. Camouflage can, according to research results, complicate the diagnostic process and lead to ASD not being recognized, especially in women. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with the description of today's understanding of ASD. It shows information about the diagnostic process and the symptomatics od ASD. It also describes the differences in the severity of ASD and the different symptoms of autism in men and women. The last chapter is concerned with the issue of compensatory mechanisms and camouglage in people with ASD. The empirical part of this thesis includes a quantitative research that explored the level of camouflage in 170 respondents using a translated version of CAT-Q (Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire), that was distributed online. The results show a higher level of camouflage in people with a mild form of ASD, compared to people without ASD. The research also shows that the level of camouflage in people with ASD is higher in female respondents than in male respondents. The research found a positive correlation...

Title: Compensatory exercises in ice hockey Objective: The aim of this diploma thesis is to create battery of compensatory exercises suitable for ice hockey. Methodology: It was used scientific method of observation - theoretical-empirical character. The results were measured by pre-intervention and post- intervation measurements. The results were compared with using a Cohen's coefficient d, an arithmetic mean and a percent. Results: We have created the battery of comepnsatory exercises suitable for ice hockey players. This battery was created by studying the literature, consulting with coaches and physiotherapists and from personal experience. We were found differences in all tests compering pre- intervention and post-intervation measurements, which indicate a tendency to qualitative shift. Key words: ice hockey, muscle imbalances, compensatory exercises, unilateral load

This investigation had the dual purpose of exploring, in historical perspectives, the academic discipline known as Early Childhood Education and the use of Early Childhood Education as a vehicle for compensatory education in the Portland Public Schools from 1965-1984.

Title: Inclusion of compensatory exercises in preschool education and their impact Objectives: The aim of this work is to verify the effect of the intervention exercise program in preschool education. The next object was to evaluate the postural position of selected group of preschool children. Methods: In our empirical-theoretical work we were used the methods of comparative analysis of literature with the topic of the work. We used input and output measurements by Matthias's test. From the initial testing of 60 preschool children we selected 7 individuals with the worst results who were included in the intervention program. After the intervention we re-evaluated the postural body position of 7 individuals together with 7 preschool children in the control group. We used the method of observation during testing and during the intervention and we used mathematical-statistical methods also. Results: We were found that in a sample of 60 children had 8.4 % poor posture but it is a better score than in similarly focused studies. Seven children with the worst evaluated results were included in the intervention exercise program. After the intervention program we measured better results in postural body position in 5 individuals. Based on the results of the experiment it can be said that compensatory...