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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:06:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 funo_ka_me_guara.pdf: 473750 bytes, checksum: 48b0d6a71c0194c552ccbbc16235ba5f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Existem fatores de risco que afetam a cadeia de suprimentos e podem gerar descontinuidade. Analisar e gerir tais fatores de risco é uma necessidade das empresas fabricantes de produtos complexos, como aviões e navios. Alguns autores reconhecem essa necessidade, porém identificou-se pouca literatura para o setor aeronáutico. Considerando esta necessidade, este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar fatores de risco da cadeia de suprimentos de fabricantes de aeronaves, delimitado ao mercado nacional e gestão de fornecedores. Os fatores levantados foram hierarquizados com o auxílio do Método AHP, a fim de priorizar os fatores quanto a sua criticidade. Dentre os noves fatores de riscos identificados, três deles estiveram entre os cinco primeiros em criticidade (Qualidade, Produtividade e Cadeia de Suprimentos). O resultado da priorização dos fatores de risco quanto a sua criticidade, depende do momento econômico e político em que a empresa se encontra, sendo necessário a sua revisão periódica. A pesquisa foi classificada como qualitativa e foi caracterizada pelo estudo de caso único e as informações e dados analisados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com profissionais do principal fabricante de aeronaves nacional. / There are factors that affect the supply chain and contribute to risk of disruption. Mitigate such risk factors is a need for manufacturers of complex products such as aircrafts and ships. Some authors recognize this need, but there are not many researches in aerospace sector. Considering this need, this research aimed to identify risk factors in the aerospace supply chain, limited in domestic market and supplier’s management. The factors identified were prioritized by criticality using the AHP method. Among the nine risk factors identified, three of them were among the top five in criticality (Quality, Productivity and Supply Chain). The result of it depends on the economic or political environment, being necessary a periodic review. The research was classified as qualitative and single case study and the information and data analyzed were obtained by means interviews with professionals from major national aircraft manufacturer.

Resumo: Existem fatores de risco que afetam a cadeia de suprimentos e podem gerar descontinuidade. Analisar e gerir tais fatores de risco é uma necessidade das empresas fabricantes de produtos complexos, como aviões e navios. Alguns autores reconhecem essa necessidade, porém identificou-se pouca literatura para o setor aeronáutico. Considerando esta necessidade, este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar fatores de risco da cadeia de suprimentos de fabricantes de aeronaves, delimitado ao mercado nacional e gestão de fornecedores. Os fatores levantados foram hierarquizados com o auxílio do Método AHP, a fim de priorizar os fatores quanto a sua criticidade. Dentre os noves fatores de riscos identificados, três deles estiveram entre os cinco primeiros em criticidade (Qualidade, Produtividade e Cadeia de Suprimentos). O resultado da priorização dos fatores de risco quanto a sua criticidade, depende do momento econômico e político em que a empresa se encontra, sendo necessário a sua revisão periódica. A pesquisa foi classificada como qualitativa e foi caracterizada pelo estudo de caso único e as informações e dados analisados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com profissionais do principal fabricante de aeronaves nacional. / Abstract: There are factors that affect the supply chain and contribute to risk of disruption. Mitigate such risk factors is a need for manufacturers of complex products such as aircrafts and ships. Some authors recognize this need, but there are not many researches in aerospace sector. Considering this need, this research aimed to identify risk factors in the aerospace supply chain, limited in domestic market and supplier's management. The factors identified were prioritized by criticality using the AHP method. Among the nine risk factors identified, three of them were among the top five in criticality (Quality, Productivity and Supply Chain). The result of it depends on the economic or political environment, being necessary a periodic review. The research was classified as qualitative and single case study and the information and data analyzed were obtained by means interviews with professionals from major national aircraft manufacturer. / Orientador: Fernando Augusto Silva Marins / Coorientador: Jorge Muniz Junior / Banca: Valério Antonio Pamplona Salomon / Banca: Carlos Henrique Pereira Mello / Mestre

Today employees are changing jobs more frequently than in the past, which can result in the loss of valuable knowledge and information during employee exits. This makes sharing of information and knowledge within the organisations more important than ever before, particularly during the product development process. The problem of losing knowledge during employee exits is a critical risk facing organisations.  It is worth noting that the study was inspired by the ethnographic research approach, with the purpose of understanding the nature of the phenomenon of information sharing in the product development process of small-scale complex system products and the aim to understand its implications during employee exits. The data for this study was collected through observation and interviews.  According to the results of this study, it was found that employees within the company used a range of techniques for storing and sharing information. The most common method used for finding and sharing information was informal meetings, however it was noted that there is room for improvement in this approach due to the potential impact of limited documentation. With regards to employee exits, the study revealed mixed opinions from employees regarding the existence of a formal off-boarding process. While some stated that such a process was lacking, others reported that it is indeed present. The process of transferring information and tasks to the next person seems to depend on the individuals involved, with some developing their own methods for handing over their work.  This study highlights the importance of context, reasoning, and decision-making when it comes to storing and sharing of information during the product development process, and the impact this has on the passage of knowledge during an employee exit. The knowledge transferred during an employee exit will determine the next person’s ability to work efficiently and effectively. There are numerous challenges in taking responsibility for a part or system without a comprehensive understanding of its history and background, especially when the previous employee in that role has left. Ultimately, this study emphasises the crucial importance of retaining experienced personnel and encouraging long-term employee commitment to the organisation.

The aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of the multichannel strategy in a B2B complex product context through an in-depth case study on ABB control systems. Firstly, the study focused on investigating the channel strategy for the current ABB control systems. The channel structure and sales cycle have been identified. Secondly, the study identified the challenges which have existed in the channels for ABB control systems. Channel conflicts and lack of channel integration have been recognized as the major challenges. Finally, the thesis proposed improvement suggestions on how to reduce channel conflicts and increase channel integrations for ABB control systems.

Geometrical variation is an unavoidable aspect in all types of manufacturing that may, unless managed, risk failure in fulfilling product requirements which may result in rework, delays and bad publicity. The term geometry assurance includes the tools, methods and processes that can be utilized to manage the effects of geometrical variation and to ensure fulfillment of esthetical, functional and assembly requirements. While state of the art research in geometry assurance is extensively applied within the automotive and aerospace industries with great success, its application in low volume manufacturing of complex products remains limited. The shipbuilding industry is an example of such an industry, often manufacturing large and complex products in low quantities. Further, the shipbuilding industry has historically been labor-intensive and relied on craftsmanship throughout the product realization process. However, studies indicate that a technology-intensive development is crucial for companies in order to maintain market competitiveness. This transition places high demands on a well-established geometry assurance process in order to ensure successful assembly and fulfillment of product requirements.  In this thesis, a feasibility study is conducted on how geometry assurance may be applied in low volume manufacturing of complex products. By developing guidelines on how geometry assurance may be applied, the purpose is to improve geometrical quality throughout the product realization process and to reduce lead times, costs and increase assembly precision.  To explore the feasibility of geometry assurance in low volume manufacturing of complex products, a work structure consisting of three phases was established. In the first phase, a current state analysis of the collaboration partner Saab Kockums was conducted parallel to studying state of the art research in geometry assurance. In phase two, the state of practice of companies in the automotive and aerospace industries was studied in order to determine how they apply state of the art research. By interviewing industry specialists and combining gained knowledge from the first two phases, guidelines on how geometry assurance may be applied in low volume manufacturing of complex products was developed. In phase three, based on these guidelines, suggestions on how the geometry assurance process in pipe manufacturing at Saab Kockums can be improved was developed. The results of this study indicate that geometry assurance is applicable in low volume manufacturing of complex products. However, alternative methods may be required. Based on gained knowledge and insights from interviews with industry specialists, guidelines on how geometry assurance in low volume manufacturing of complex products may be applied are proposed. In order to improve the geometry assurance process in pipe manufacturing at Saab Kockums, this study proposes general guidelines for improvement along with a process and prototype measurement tool for the fitting-pipe methodology. The specially designed prototype measurement tool presents an alternative measurement method that can be used in cramped spaces where it is difficult to access with a 3D-measurement arm, the proposed primary measurement technique. In conclusion, this study indicates that geometry assurance is applicable in low volume manufacturing of complex products and suggests three methods for how it may be achieved. However, each of these methods needs to be further investigated in order to determine their applicability in other low volume manufacturing industries. Further, the prototype measurement tool and process for the fitting-pipe methodology indicates potential for improving the geometry assurance process in pipe manufacturing. However, further work is needed to complete the process for fitting-pipes and to finalize the prototype measurement tool for production use.

Detta Examensarbete utfördes som en fallstudie Saab Combat Systems, som är och undersöker utmaningar i form av beroenden och osäkerheter som uppstår i Multiprojekt-Organisationer. Dessa utmaningar verkar orsaka konflikter och tvetydigheter i Multiprojekt-Organisationer gällande exempelvis, kommunikation, resursallokering, produktutveckling samt maktstrukturer mellan olika roller (Engwall & Jerbant, 2003; Dahlgren & Söderlund, 2010). Detta Examensarbete behandlar dessa utmaningar genom att undersöka och besvara följande forskningsfrågor: Vilka utmaningar i form av beroenden och osäkerheter existerar på Saab Combat Systems? Hur kan dessa utmaningar hanteras? Våra resultat visar att tre olika typer av beroenden uppstår i Multiprojekt-Organisationer som utvecklar komplexa produkter och system; organisatoriska beroenden, tekniska beroenden och resursberoenden. Dessa tre beroenden verkar påverka varandra och resultera i osäkerheter när flera projekt hanteras samtidigt. Dessutom ökar nivån av osäkerhet i projekt på grund av osäkerheter i relation till maktstrukturer samt utveckling av komplexa produkter och system. De tre identifierade beroende inkluderar projektosäkerheter samt projektberoenden. Vi har valt ut tre stycken olika typer av Management Control Systems; Projektkontor, Projektportföljhantering samt Programhantering och drar slutsatsen att de kan användas för att hantera de tre identifierade beroendena Multiprojekt-Organisationer. Vi har dock upptäckt att dessa Management Control Systems har både fördelar och nackdelar gällande hantering av de tre olika typer av beroenden. Alla identifierade beroenden och osäkerheter kan följaktligen hanteras genom att kombinera olika Management Control Systems. Dessutom har vi kompletterat en redan utvecklad modell av Dahlgren & Söderlund (2010) genom att kartlägga de tre beroendena, som tar hänsyn till projektosäkerheter och projektberoenden, samt vilken typ av Management Control Systems som är mest lämplig för att hantera dessa beroenden. / This Master Thesis was conducted as a case study at Saab Combat Systems investigating challenges in form of dependencies and uncertainties that emerge in Multi-Project Organizations. These challenges seem to cause conflicts and ambiguity in Multi-Project Organizations regarding for instance; communication, human resources allocation, product development and power structures between different roles (Engwall & Jerbant, 2003; Dahlgren & Söderlund, 2010). Thereby, this Master Thesis addresses these challenges by investigating and answering the following research questions: What challenges in form of dependencies and uncertainties exist at Saab Combat Systems? How can these challenges be addressed? Our Results display that three different types of dependencies exists in Multi-Project Organizations developing Complex Products and Systems; organizational dependencies, technical dependencies and resources dependencies. These three dependencies seem to be connected, and therefore result in uncertainties when managing multiple projects. Additionally, uncertainties in relation to the power structure as well as development of Complex Products and Systems tend to increase the level of project uncertainty. The three identified dependencies include both project uncertainties and project dependencies. We have chosen three different Management Control Systems; Project Management Office, Project Portfolio Management and Programme Management and conclude that they can be utilized in order to address the three identified dependencies in Multi-Project Organizations. However, we have found that these Management Control Systems have benefits as well as shortcomings when addressing different types of dependencies. Consequently, by combining them, all of the identified dependencies and uncertainties can be addressed. Furthermore, we have complemented an already developed model by Dahlgren & Söderlund (2010) by mapping the three identified dependencies, which consider project uncertainties and project dependencies, as well as which Management Control System is most appropriate when addressing these three dependencies.