Orientadores: Helena Teixeira Godoy, Isidro Hermosín-Gutiérrez / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T09:19:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Konda_PaulaBeckerPertuzatti_D.pdf: 1709064 bytes, checksum: 32eff0f96e85c62585e501c2d1fa6158 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A produção de mirtilos iniciou-se no Brasil na década de 80 e a comercialização da fruta na década de 90. Apesar de ser um cultivo novo no país, observa-se que a cada dia o fruto tem ganhado mais espaço, o que fez com que aumentasse o número de produtores e cultivares comercializadas. Deste modo, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar cultivares comercializadas por diferentes produtores, quanto a sua capacidade antioxidante e teor de antocianinas, flavonóis e ácido clorogênico. Foram elaborados um extrato hidrofílico e um extrato lipofílico para as trinta amostras, pertencentes a 10 cultivares de mirtilo da safra de 2010/2011 e 2011/2012 de quatro diferentes produtores e sua capacidade antioxidante foi medida pelos métodos de ABTS, FRAP, ORAC e ?-caroteno/ácido linoleico e correlacionadas com o teor de antocianinas, compostos fenólicos e carotenoides totais. Os extratos hidrofílicos apresentaram uma maior correlação positiva, entre o teor de compostos bioativos e os métodos de capacidade antioxidante, do que os extratos lipofílicos, os quais se diferenciaram na análise de componentes principais de acordo com o grupo que pertenciam, Rabbiteye ou Highbush. Enquanto, nos extratos hidrofílicos houve uma separação quanto aos produtores e safras analisados. Através de HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn, foi determinado o conteúdo de flavonóis, ácido clorogênico e antocianinas nos mirtilos e observou-se que todas as cultivares apresentam grandes quantidades de ácido clorogênico. Em média os valores oscilaram entre 0,2 e 4,0 g / kg de fruta seca, também foram encontrados quarenta e quatro flavonóis, sendo os majoritários no grupo Highbush, quercetina 3-galactosídeo, enquanto os frutos do grupo Rabbiteye apresentam em maior quantidade quercetina 3-rhamnosídeo e quercetina 3-glucuronídeo. Dentre os flavonóis identificados, encontrou-se quercetina-3-O-[4¿¿-(3-hidroxi-3-metilglutaroil)]-?-rhamnose, pela primeira vez em mirtilos, sendo este composto exclusivo das cultivares Florida e Powderblue. Além deste composto, derivados da isorhamnetina, siringetina e laricitrina, foram encontrados pela primeira vez no mirtilo. Quanto as antocianinas foram encontradas trinta e seis, havendo também um diferenciação na antocianina majoritária, de acordo com o grupo de mirtilo. As cultivares do grupo Rabbiteye apresentaram maiores quantidades de cianidina 3-galactosídeo, enquanto as cultivares do grupo Highbush possuem maiores quantidades de arabinosídeos de delfinidina e malvidina / Abstract: The blueberry production began in Brazil at 80¿s and your commercialization at 90¿s, despite being a new crop in the country, it is observed that each day the fruit has been gaining ground, which led to an increase the number of producers and cultivars marketed. Due to this, the objective of this study was to analyze different cultivars produced by different producers, for antioxidant capacity and anthocyanins, flavonols and chlorogenic acid levels. Hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts were prepared for thirty samples from 10 blueberry cultivars in two harvests, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012, and four different producers. Antioxidant capacity was measured by the ABTS, FRAP, ORAC and ?-carotene/linoleate methods and correlated to the amounts of carotenoids, total phenolics and anthocyanins. The hydrophilic extracts showed a higher positive correlation, between the amounts of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant capacity, compared to lipophilic extracts, which differentiated by principal component analysis according to whether they were Rabbiteye or Highbush. Already, in the hydrophilic extracts there was a separation by producers and harvest seasons. The flavonols, chlorogenic acid and anthocyanins content of blueberries were determined by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn and we observed that all cultivars showed high concentration of chlorogenic acid, average values ranged between 0.2 e 4.0 g / kg dry matter, were also found forty four flavonols, and the main in Highbush blueberry was quercetin 3-galactosídeo, while the fruits of Rabbiteye group presented in high proportions quercetin 3-ramnosídeo and quercetin 3-glucuronide. Amoung the flavonols identified, quercetin-3-O-[4¿¿-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)]-?-rhamnose was found, for the first time in blueberries, it was detected only in Florida and Powderblue cultivars, where was a major flavonol. Apart from this compound, isorhamnetin, siringetin and laricitrin derivatives, were also reported for the first time in blueberries. Were identified 36 anthocyanins, there were also differentiation in the majority anthocyanin according to the blueberry group. The cultivars of Rabbiteye group showed higher amounts of cyanidin 3-galactoside than cultivars of Highbush group, while Highbush cultivars have more 3-O-arabinoside of delphinidin and malvidin / Doutorado / Ciência de Alimentos / Doutora em Ciência de Alimentos

Orientador: Sérgio Tonini Button / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T21:08:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Possamai_Lisiane_M.pdf: 4008102 bytes, checksum: b6e9b8d71cd5acc093a6d8f5074751db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal avaliar se a determinação da concentração de metais em óleo lubrificante por ICP-OES (Espectrometria de Emissão Ótica com Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado, do inglês Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy), é capaz de auxiliar no diagnóstico de eventuais falhas por desgaste em motores Diesel não detectadas no ensaio funcional de produção (amaciamento). O tratamento dos dados foi realizado empregando-se métodos estatísticos. Parâmetros como carga de trabalho, rotação, pressões, temperaturas, assim como a severidade do desgaste, podem não ser suficientes para manifestar a falha durante o tempo de exposição do motor ao ensaio, postergando a sua ocorrência para a planta do cliente (montadora) ou para o campo. O conhecimento da concentração dos elementos metálicos em óleo lubrificante é útil para a avaliação de desgastes de componentes específicos de motores permitindo uma intervenção preventiva a fim de evitar falhas catastróficas. A partir da análise dos dados históricos disponíveis na empresa definiu-se o conceito de assinatura de desgaste e buscou-se conhecer o comportamento dos resultados das análises de óleo, quando se constatou variabilidade significativa dos valores que pode ser explicada por erros sistêmicos e aleatórios. A validação da técnica por ICP-OES para detecção de desgaste prematuro em motores foi realizada a partir da reprodução do modo de falha mais comumente encontrado em motores de combustão interna, que é o engripamento de biela. Simulou-se a contaminação do sistema tribológico casquilho, moente e óleo, considerando-se o agente de contaminação externa proveniente da região de fechamento da capa da biela. Conforme esperado, os motores foram aprovados dentro dos parâmetros de controle existentes. Após a desmontagem dos motores evidenciouse que o sistema tribológico fora seriamente comprometido por desgaste do casquilho (bronzina), que apresenta um revestimento superficial de alumínio e estanho. Na análise univariada de metais dissolvidos no óleo lubrificante identificou-se a presença de estanho, o que não é esperado encontrar neste modelo de motor. No tratamento multivariado foi possível analisar a correlação dos metais dissolvidos no óleo cuja análise estatística possibilitou distinguir motores conformes de não conformes de forma quantitativa e objetiva. Desta forma, conclui-se que o método de análise de metais dissolvidos em óleo lubrificante por ICP-OES é eficaz, se mostrando sensível na detecção de desgaste do sistema casquilho-moente / Abstract: The main goal of this study is to evaluate if the determination of metal concentration in lubricant oil by ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy) is capable to help on eventual wear failures diagnosis on Diesel engines that are not detected in the production test cycle (running in). The data processing was done using statistical methods. Parameters like load, engine speed, pressures, temperatures, as well wear severity, cannot be enough to show the failure during the engine test time postponing the failure occurrence to OEM or field. The metallic elements concentration knowledge in lubricant oil is useful to evaluate specific engines parts wear allowing a preventive action in order to avoid catastrophic failures. Starting from the historic data analysis available in the company it was defined the concept of wear signature looking for oil analysis results behavior understanding, where it was noticed significant values variability due to random and systemic errors. The ICP-OES validation for premature wearing detection on engines was done starting from most usual failure mode found on internal combustion engines that is connecting rod scuffing. The tribological system bearing, crankshaft pin and oil was set to simulate a failure by an external contamination coming from the connecting rod cracked assembly area. As expected, the engines were approved according to current controls. After engine disassembly it was noticed that the tribological system was heavy damaged due to bearing wear whose surface layer composition is made of aluminum and tin. In the univariate oil analysis of metals dissolved it was detected tin which is not expected to be finding in this engine model. In the multivariate data processing it was possible to analyze the dissolved metals correlation whose statistical analysis make possible to distinguish conforming engines from non-conforming engines in a quantitative and objective way. So it is possible to conclude that the ICP-OES method to analyze dissolved metal in oil is effective showing sensibility to detect wear between crankshaft pin and connecting rod bearing system / Mestrado / Projetos / Mestre em Engenharia Automobilistica

Human face recognition systems have gained a considerable attention during last few years. There are very many applications with respect to security, sensitivity and secrecy. Face detection is the most important and first step of recognition system. Human face is non rigid and has very many variations regarding image conditions, size, resolution, poses and rotation. Its accurate and robust detection has been a challenge for the researcher. A number of methods and techniques are proposed but due to a huge number of variations no one technique is much successful for all kinds of faces and images. Some methods are exhibiting good results in certain conditions and others are good with different kinds of images. Image discriminating techniques are widely used for pattern and image analysis. Common discriminating methods are discussed. / SIPL, Mechatronics, GIST 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 500-712 South Korea tel. 0082-62-970-2997

With the evolution in the game industry and other virtual environments, demands on what comes with an application is higher than ever before. This leads to many companies trying to to procedurally generate content in order to save up on storage space and get a wider variety of content. It has become essential to infuse immersion in such application and some companies has even gone as far as to let the player recreate him- or herself to be the hero or heroine of the game. Even so, many AAA companies refrain from using face segmentation software as it gives the power of adding game content by the end users, and that may lead to an increased risk of offensive content, that goes against company standards and policy, to enter their application. By taking the concept of procedural generation and applying this together with face segmentation, placing a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based texturization model, we allow for a controlled yet functioning face texturization in a run-time virtual environment. In this project we use MatLab to create a controlled Eigen space, infuses this into an application built in Unity 3D using UMA, and lets smaller recreation vectors, that spans a few kilobytes as most, to create textures in run-time. In doing so, we can project faces onto the Eigen space and get fully functioning and texturized characters, able to use ready animations and controllers of the developer’s choice. These Eigen spaces may cost more storage space and loading times up to a limit, but can in turn generate a seemingly endless variation of textural content dynamically. In order to see what potential users prioritize when it comes to applications like these, we conducted a survey where the responders saw variations of this technique and were able to express their view on attributes expected from a “good” (from their point of view) application. In the end we have a UMA ready set of scripts, and a one-time use system to create Eigen spaces for the applications to use it. We worked in close relation with Högström’s Selfie to Avatar face segmentation software and proved the concept in Unity 3D applications.

Arbetet som presenteras i den här rapporten handlar om ansiktsigenkänning från webbkameror med hjälp av principal component analysis samt artificiella neurala nätverk av typen feedforward. Arbetet förbättrar tekniken med hjälp av filterbaserade metoder som bland annat används inom ansiktsdetektering. Dessa filter bygger på att skicka med redundant data av delregioner av ansiktet.

Abstract Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become a leading tool in the evaluation of the human brain function. In fMRI the activation induced blood oxygenation changes in the brain can be detected with an inherent blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast. Even small blood oxygen fluctuations in a resting brain can be depicted with the BOLD contrast. This thesis focuses on characterizing spontaneous oxygenation fluctuations of the brain by using BOLD fMRI. The effects of anesthetics on blood oxygen fluctuations were assessed in 38 children and 12 adults. The spatial distribution, frequency, synchrony, and statistical independence of the spontaneous oxygenation changes were analyzed. The role of imaging artifacts in the generation of BOLD signal fluctuations was investigated. The study aimed to develop and compare methods of detecting the nondeterministic oxygenation fluctuations of the brain. VLF BOLD signal fluctuation in the brain cortex is induced by physiological oscillation instead of imaging artifacts. This study shows for the first time how the power and synchrony of very low frequency (VLF <  0.05 Hz) blood oxygen fluctuation significantly increases after sedation. In deeper anesthesia, the VLF fluctuation overpowers other sources of blood oxygen variation as a sign of reduced blood flow and altered hemodynamic control. Regional hemodynamic mechanisms induce non-Gaussian features on the VLF blood oxygen fluctuation that can be depicted effectively with independent component analysis. Combined use of frequency, time, and spatial domain analysis guarantees a more complete picture of brain oxygenation fluctuations. The results of this thesis have a dualistic impact on fMRI research. First of all, VLF fluctuation alters the BOLD activation and connectivity results after sedation. Thus it has to be accounted for in the fMRI of sedated subjects. Secondly, by using the methods developed in this thesis, VLF fluctuation and other physiological BOLD signal sources can now be used in characterizing physiological alterations and pathology of the brain.

Behavioural syndromes, defined as suites of correlated behaviours across different contexts, are used to characterize individual variability in behaviours. Males of the weakly electric fish species, Apteronotus leptorhynchus, produce electro-communication signals called chirps. Chirps are thought to be involved in agonistic signalling, as their relative incidence increases during agonistic conspecific interactions. However, high levels of individual variability in aggression obscure the role of chirps in mediating aggression. Here, I tested the presence of an aggression-boldness behavioural syndrome, and then considered the implications such a syndrome would have on chirping behaviours. Behavioural tests in anti-predation, object novelty, feeding, conspecific intrusion and novel environment exploration contexts revealed a syndrome involving only object novelty and feeding. We found no correlation between chirping behaviour and the assessed behaviours. Our results demonstrate that chirps represent a more complex communication system than previously suggested.

Recently, automatic demographic classification has found its way into embedded applications such as targeted advertising in mobile devices, and in-car warning systems for elderly drivers. In this thesis, we present a complete framework for video-based gender classification and age estimation which can perform accurately on embedded systems in real-time and under unconstrained conditions. We propose a segmental dimensionality reduction technique utilizing Enhanced Discriminant Analysis (EDA) to minimize the memory and computational requirements, and enable the implementation of these classifiers for resource-limited embedded systems which otherwise is not achievable using existing resource-intensive approaches. On a multi-resolution feature vector we have achieved up to 99.5% compression ratio for training data storage, and a maximum performance of 20 frames per second on an embedded Android platform. Also, we introduce several novel improvements such as face alignment using the nose, and an illumination normalization method for unconstrained environments using bilateral filtering. These improvements could help to suppress the textural noise, normalize the skin color, and rectify the face localization errors. A non-linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier along with a discriminative demography-based classification strategy is exploited to improve both accuracy and performance of classification. We have performed several cross-database evaluations on different controlled and uncontrolled databases to assess the generalization capability of the classifiers. Our experiments demonstrated competitive accuracies compared to the resource-demanding state-of-the-art approaches.

The objective of this study is to investigate automatic recognition of speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses (speech-evoked ABR) to the five English vowels (/a/, /ae/, /ao (ɔ)/, /i/ and /u/). We used different automatic speech recognition methods to discriminate between the responses to the vowels. The best recognition result was obtained by applying principal component analysis (PCA) on the amplitudes of the first ten harmonic components of the envelope following response (based on spectral components at fundamental frequency and its harmonics) and of the frequency following response (based on spectral components in first formant region) and combining these two feature sets. With this combined feature set used as input to an artificial neural network, a recognition accuracy of 83.8% was achieved. This study could be extended to more complex stimuli to improve assessment of the auditory system for speech communication in hearing impaired individuals, and potentially help in the objective fitting of hearing aids.

Research into traumatic brain injury (TBI) mechanisms is essential for the development of methods to prevent its occurrence. One of the most common ways to incur a TBI is from falls, especially for the young and very old. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how the acceleration loading curves influenced the occurrence of different types of TBI, namely: epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and contusion. This investigation was conducted in three parts. The first study conducted reconstructions of 20 TBI cases with varying outcomes using MADYMO, Hybrid III, and finite element methodologies. This study provided a dataset of threshold values for each of the TBI injuries measured in parameters of strain and stress. The results of this study indicated that using a combined reconstructive approach produces results which are in keeping with the literature for TBI. The second study examined how the characteristics of the loading curves which were produced from each reconstruction influenced the outcome using a principal components analysis. It was found that the duration of the event accounted for much of the variance in the results, followed with the acceleration components. Different curve characteristics also accounted for differing amounts of variance in each of the lesion types. Study 3 examined how the dynamic response of the impact influenced where in the brain a subdural hematoma (SDH) could occur. It was found that the largest magnitudes of acceleration produced SDH in the parietal lobe, and the lowest in the occipital lobe. Overall this thesis examined the mechanism of injury for TBI using a large dataset with methodologies which complement each other’s limitations. As a result in depth information of the nature of TBI was attained and information provided which may be used to improve future protection and standard development.