Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-02-09T19:35:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Camila Gomes Nunes.pdf: 4871207 bytes, checksum: 62e59136c5dda645d85ce86beadae3ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-09T19:35:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Camila Gomes Nunes.pdf: 4871207 bytes, checksum: 62e59136c5dda645d85ce86beadae3ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-22 / Despite the nutritional and functional value the fruits of jamel?ozeiros (Syzygium Cumini L. Skeels) known as jamel?es are little consumed. In harvest seasons, production is abundant, however, there is no rational use of the fruit. The pulp of this fruit has a high content of anthocyanin, which gives it high antioxidant potential. The practice of physical exercise generates free radicals in the body, which has the antioxidant defense system; the effectiveness of this system is modulated by the intake of nutrients and other compounds with antioxidant potential, as presents in Jamel?o. The aim of the paper was develop energy drink, formulation for use with Jamel?o pulp and mix of carbohydrates, 100% natural, without colorings and flavorings. 11 formulations were produced according to the RDC / ANVISA n?18/2010, with variations in pulp content and mix of carbohydrates. The samples were subjected to sensory evaluation by the acceptance method with consumers and 4 samples with higher averages passed new sensory analysis by athletes, acceptance method and were also submitted to: physical analysis, chemical and physico-chemical, antioxidant activity by methods DPPH, anthocyanin content and content of phenolic compounds. The formulations 4,5,8 and 11 obtained the highest average with consumers and the sample 11 to greater acceptance by athletes. The sample 8 had higher anthocyanin content differing from the other. The sample 4 and 5 showed higher levels of phenolic and the sample 4 presented the highest antioxidant activity. In conclusion, the beverage had high and satisfactory levels of antioxidants and good acceptance by athletes. Therefore, the production of energy and functional drink for athletes and favors the development of new products using Jamel?o must be encouraged and exploited. / Apesar do valor nutricional e funcional, os frutos dos jamel?ozeiros (Syzygium Cumini L. Skeels) conhecidos como jamel?es, s?o pouco consumidos. Nas ?pocas de safra, a produ??o ? abundante, no entanto, n?o h? uso racional do fruto. A polpa desse fruto apresenta alto teor de antocianinas, que lhe confere alto potencial antioxidante. A pr?tica de exerc?cios f?sicos gera radicais livres no organismo que conta com o sistema de defesa antioxidante, a efic?cia desse sistema ? modulada pela ingest?o de nutrientes e outros compostos com potencial antioxidante, como os presentes no jamel?o. Desenvolver formula??o de bebida energ?tica pronta para consumo com polpa de jamel?o e mistura de carboidratos, 100% natural, sem corantes e aromatizantes. Foram produzidas 11 diferentes formula??es conforme a RDC/ANVISA n?18/2010, com varia??es no teor de polpa e do mix de carboidratos. As amostras foram submetidas a an?lise sensorial pelo m?todo de aceita??o com consumidores e as 4 amostras com maiores m?dias passaram por nova an?lise sensorial pelo m?todo de aceita??o com atletas e foram submetidas tamb?m a: An?lise f?sica, qu?mica e f?sico-qu?mica, atividade antioxidante pelos m?todos DPPH, teor de antocianinas e teor de compostos fen?licos totais. As formula??es 4,5,8 e 11 obtiveram as maiores m?dias com os consumidores sendo a amostra 11 a de maior aceita??o pelos atletas. A amostra 8 apresentou maior teor de antocianina diferindo das demais. As amostra 4 e 5 apresentaram maiores teores de compostos fen?licos sendo a amostra 4 a que apresentou maior atividade antioxidante. Em conclus?o, a bebida desenvolvida apresentou teores elevados e satisfat?rios de compostos antioxidantes e boa aceita??o entre os atletas. Logo, a produ??o de uma bebida energ?tica e funcional para atletas ? favor?vel e o desenvolvimento de novos produtos envolvendo o jamel?o como mat?ria-prima devem ser incentivados e explorados.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-26T19:42:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VivianeHiromiUchida_DISSERT.pdf: 2246882 bytes, checksum: 2d32d23410d1769a404aaae1487d77b2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-29T17:54:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VivianeHiromiUchida_DISSERT.pdf: 2246882 bytes, checksum: 2d32d23410d1769a404aaae1487d77b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-29T17:54:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VivianeHiromiUchida_DISSERT.pdf: 2246882 bytes, checksum: 2d32d23410d1769a404aaae1487d77b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A Terminalia catappa Linn pertencente ? fam?lia Combretaceae, popularmente conhecida como castanhola, possui frutos constitu?dos por uma polpa carnosa, semente arredondada e uma casca muito dura. A pigmenta??o natural existentes no fruto da castanhola indica a presen?a de antocianinas, componentes de natureza fen?lica pertencentes ao grupo dos flavon?ides, que apresentam atividade antioxidante. A presente pesquisa foi realizada com a castanhola e teve como principal objetivo o estudo de fatores que influenciam a extra??o de corantes a partir de sua polpa. Os extratos foram obtidos utilizando-se um reator enjaquetado por extra??o s?lido l?quido. Os fatores avaliados foram a temperatura, o tempo, a propor??o do solvente e o pH de extra??o. Adotando-se um planejamento fatorial de 24 , com 4 repeti??es no ponto central, os efeitos destes fatores sobre o processo de extra??o foram analisados utilizando-se o software Statistica 7.0. A atividade antioxidante (AA), o teor de compostos fen?licos totais (CFT) e o teor de antocianinas monom?ricas totais (AMT) foram avaliadas como vari?veis resposta do planejamento. Na an?lise estat?stica dos resultados, os efeitos que mais influenciaram a extra??o foram diferentes para cada uma das respostas (CFT, AMT e AA). No entanto o pH se mostrou significativo para a extra??o de todos os compostos. O comportamento cin?tico da extra??o do corante tamb?m foi estudado para os compostos fen?licos totais, antocianinas monom?ricas e atividade antioxidante, em que o equil?brio foi atingido ap?s os 90 minutos de extra??o. No estudo da estabilidade das antocianinas a temperatura foi o fator que mais influenciou na estabilidade, contudo a concentra??o e o pH tamb?m tiveram influ?ncia / The Terminalia catappa Linn belonging to Combretaceae family, popularly known as castanets, has fruits consists of a fleshy pulp, rounded seed and a very hard shell. The natural pigmentation existing in the fruit of castanet indicates the presence of anthocyanins, phenolic nature components belonging to the group of flavonoids, which have antioxidant activity. This research was conducted with the castanets and aimed to the study of factors influencing the extraction of dyes from its pulp. The extracts were obtained using a reactor enjaquetado by solid-liquid extraction. The factors were evaluated as temperature, time, solvent ratio and pH extraction. Adopting a factorial design of 24 , with 4 repetitions at the central point, the effects of these factors on the extraction process were analyzed using Statistica 7.0 software. The antioxidant activity (AA), the content of phenolic compounds (CFT) and the total monomeric anthocyanin content (AMT) were evaluated as response variables planning. Statistical analysis of the results, the effects that influenced the extraction were different for each response (CFT, AMT and AA). However, the pH was significant for the extraction of all compounds. The kinetic behavior of the dye extraction was also studied for phenolic compounds, monomeric anthocyanins and antioxidant activity, in which the equilibrium was reached after 90 minutes of extraction. To study the stability of anthocyanins temperature was the factor that most influenced the stability, however the concentration and pH also played a part.

Submitted by PPG Biologia Celular e Molecular (bcm@pucrs.br) on 2017-08-15T12:27:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BRUNO_DE_SOUZA_BASSO_DIS.pdf: 1709254 bytes, checksum: 167b84b794ff4ea4955b2ef79229ab4e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-08-16T13:04:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BRUNO_DE_SOUZA_BASSO_DIS.pdf: 1709254 bytes, checksum: 167b84b794ff4ea4955b2ef79229ab4e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-16T13:39:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BRUNO_DE_SOUZA_BASSO_DIS.pdf: 1709254 bytes, checksum: 167b84b794ff4ea4955b2ef79229ab4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The genus Baccharis belongs to the family Asteraceae and has several species widely used in folk medicine and own many compounds of pharmaceutical interest. The aim of this work was to evaluate the cytotoxic, antiproliferative effect and phenotypic reversion of Baccharis anomala extract on activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and identify the compounds present in the extract. In order to evaluate the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect of the fractionated extract, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and the trypan blue exclusion method were used. The phenotype reversion was evaluated by staining with Oil Red and PPAR-? expression by RT-PCR. The fractions obtained from the methanolic extract were characterized for their phenolic composition by HPLC. The results showed that two fractions of methanolic extract decreased cell proliferation without increasing LDH release levels. Cell cycle arrest was evaluated using 7-AAD and DAPI staining was used to evaluate indications of apoptosis. Fractions of B.anomala induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, while DAPI staining did not reveal cell death by apoptosis. Oil-Red (ORO) staining showed the ability of fractions to induce phenotypic reversion and the evaluation of PPAR-? mRNA expression was not altered, suggesting that there is an independent PPAR-? pathway involved. The main components identified in the fractions that presented biological activity were hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic and coumaric acid. Our study was able to show the antiproliferative effect of methanolic extract fractions of B.anomala, its potential to reverse the activated phenotype of hepatic stellate cells and showed its potential for the treatment of liver fibrosis. / O g?nero Baccharis pertence ? fam?lia Asteraceae e tem v?rias esp?cies amplamente utilizadas na medicina popular, possuindo muitos compostos de interesse farmac?utico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito citot?xico, antiproliferativo e a revers?o fenot?pica do extrato de Baccharis anomala em c?lulas estreladas hep?ticas ativadas (HSCs) e identificar os compostos presentes no extrato. Para avaliar o efeito citot?xico e antiproliferativo do extrato fracionado, foram utilizadas a libera??o de lactato desidrogenase (LDH) e o m?todo de exclus?o de azul de Tripan. A revers?o do fen?tipo foi avaliada por colora??o com Oil Red e pela express?o de PPAR-? por RT-PCR. As fra??es obtidas a partir do extrato metan?lico foram caracterizadas pela sua composi??o fen?lica por HPLC. Os resultados mostraram que duas fra??es do extrato metan?lico diminu?ram a prolifera??o celular sem aumentar os n?veis de libera??o de LDH. A parada do ciclo celular foi avaliada usando 7-AAD e colora??o por DAPI foi utilizada para avaliar a apoptose celular. As fra??es de B.anomala induziram a parada do ciclo celular em fase G1, a colora??o por DAPI n?o revelou morte celular por apoptose. Colora??o por Oil-RedO (ORO) mostrou a capacidade de indu??o da revers?o fenot?pica, a avalia??o da express?o mRNA de PPAR-y por RT-PCR n?o foi alterada, sugerindo que exista uma via independente de PPAR-y envolvida. Os principais componentes identificados nas fra??es que apresentaram atividade biol?gica foram os ?cidos hidroxibenz?ico, clorog?nico e cum?rico. Nosso estudo foi capaz de mostrar o efeito antiproliferativo das fra??es de extrato metan?lico de B.anomala, seu potencial para reverter o fen?tipo ativado das c?lulas estreladas hep?ticas e mostrou seu potencial para o tratamento da fibrose hep?tica.

Submitted by PPG Engenharia e Tecnologia de Materiais (engenharia.pg.materiais@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-11T12:25:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Investiga??o de atividades biol?gicas e potencial uso de extratos das flores de Acacia mearnsii o.pdf: 2416660 bytes, checksum: d1a24de16c6bbd6f86f46d3c0bb1dbc0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-21T18:41:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Investiga??o de atividades biol?gicas e potencial uso de extratos das flores de Acacia mearnsii o.pdf: 2416660 bytes, checksum: d1a24de16c6bbd6f86f46d3c0bb1dbc0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-21T18:54:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Investiga??o de atividades biol?gicas e potencial uso de extratos das flores de Acacia mearnsii o.pdf: 2416660 bytes, checksum: d1a24de16c6bbd6f86f46d3c0bb1dbc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Although the Acacia mearnsii tree is widely cultivated and used in the industry, its flowers are seldom researched. Considering the extensive availability of A. mearnsii flowers and the growing interest in natural products, this work aimed at the obtainment of extracts from these flowers and investigation of their composition and biochemistry properties. In this work, essential oil and aqueous extract by steam distillation and extracts were obtained with supercritical fluid. The essential oil was characterized by CG-MS and olfactometry. The main compounds identified in the essential oil were 8-heptadecene, heptadecane, nonadecane e kaurene. The main aroma detected by olfactometric analysis was roast nutty, as well as coffee, sweet, floral, vegetal and spicy. Antioxidant activity was determined and the aqueous extract showed an activity superior to rutin standard. LC-qTOF-MS identified 42 likely phenolic compounds, such as quercitrin, naringenin, myricetin, rutin, and robinetin. The extracts obtained by supercritical extraction and isolated fractions presented activity against S. aureus. The yield of the supercritical extraction was optimized using factorial planning and mass transfer parameters were obtained through mathematical models that represent the extraction curve. Thus, it was concluded that the flowers of A. mearnsii can be exploited by extractive processes used in this study to generate a plant by-product. The results indicate the aromatic and antioxidant potential of the essential oil and aqueous extract, respectively, obtained with 2.0 bar steam distillation, while the supercritical extract has antibacterial action. / A Acacia mearnsii, apesar de ser amplamente cultivada e utilizada industrialmente, n?o tem o potencial de suas flores explorado. Considerando a disponibilidade de flores da A. mearnsii e o crescente interesse por produtos naturais, esse trabalho consistiu na obten??o de extratos destas flores e na investiga??o de suas composi??es e a??es bioqu?micas. A pesquisa compreendeu a extra??o do ?leo essencial e a obten??o do extrato aquoso de flores da planta via destila??o por arraste a vapor, al?m da extra??o com fluido supercr?tico. O ?leo essencial foi analisado por GC-MS e apresentou, entre os 31 compostos identificados, 8-heptadeceno, heptadecano, nonadecano e caureno como compostos majorit?rios. Na an?lise olfatom?trica (GC-O), os principais aromas detectados no ?leo essencial foram caf?, doce, floral, vegetal e refrescante, com destaque para ?castanha/defumado?. O extrato aquoso das flores da A. mearnsii apresentou atividade antioxidante superior ? da rutina. Utilizando cromatografia de alta resolu??o (LC-qTOF/MS), foram verificados 42 prov?veis compostos fen?licos, entre eles, quercitrina, naringenina, miricetina, rutina, robinetina. Os extratos obtidos via extra??o supercr?tica e fra??es isoladas apresentaram atividade frente a S. aureus. O rendimento da extra??o supercr?tica foi otimizado utilizando planejamento fatorial e par?metros da transfer?ncia de massa foram obtidos atrav?s de modelos matem?ticos que representam a curva de extra??o. Assim, concluiu-se que as flores de A. mearnsii podem ser exploradas pelos processos extrativos empregados nesse estudo a fim de gerar um co-produto da cadeia produtiva da planta, uma vez que o ?leo essencial e o extrato aquoso, obtidos pela extra??o por arraste a vapor a 2,0 bar, possuem, respectivamente, potencial arom?tico e poder antioxidante, enquanto o extrato obtido com fluido supercr?tico apresenta a??o antibacteriana.

Submitted by Jadson Francisco de Jesus SILVA (jadson@uefs.br) on 2018-01-23T00:22:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o vers?o biblioteca FINAL II Teresa_versao WORD (1) (1).pdf: 2399848 bytes, checksum: a72bd616ac1f702167982548cd4418bb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-23T00:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o vers?o biblioteca FINAL II Teresa_versao WORD (1) (1).pdf: 2399848 bytes, checksum: a72bd616ac1f702167982548cd4418bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-29 / Corymbia torelliana (F. Muell.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson (Myrtaceae) is a pollinated species, easy to adapt, high resistance and therapeutic potential. Considering that pollen has demonstrated medicinal potential, this study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and biological activity of the pollen of this species. The material was collected at Bahia Specialty Cellulose / Copener. The chemical composition (phenolic content, total flavonoids and phytochemical screening) was evaluated from the raw ethanolic pollen extract (EEP) and the biological tests of antioxidant activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazila (DPPH) (Rota rod), analgesic activity (tests of abdominal contortions induced by acetic acid, formalin and hot plate) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced paw edema test) were analyzed using mice. The presence of terpenes, steroids and phenolic compounds was identified and the EEP presented 116.21 ? 7.80 mgEAG / g of phenolic compounds and 35.81 ? 8.37 mgEQ / g of flavonoids. In the antioxidant activity test, pollen was able to sequester DPPH with EC50 of 60.85 ? 4.70 ?g / mL. As for the acute toxicity, no change was observed in the test used, nor was there any alteration in motor coordination in the Rota rod test. It was verified the presence of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of the EEP in the doses used (75, 150 and 300 mg / kg), and the dose of 75 mg / kg presented the best result. The results indicate an antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential for the EEP of this species, besides a possible peripheral and central activity. / Corymbia torelliana (F. Muell.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson (Myrtaceae) ? uma esp?cie polin?fera, de f?cil adapta??o, grande resist?ncia e poss?veis potencialidades terap?uticas. Considerando que o p?len tem demonstrado potencial medicinal, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a composi??o qu?mica e atividade biol?gica do p?len dessa esp?cie. A coleta do material foi realizada na empresa Bahia Specialty Cellulose/Copener. A partir do extrato bruto etan?lico do p?len (EEP) foi avaliada a composi??o qu?mica (teor de fen?licos, flavonoides totais e triagem fitoqu?mica) e realizado testes biol?gicos de atividade antioxidante, m?todo 2,2?Difenil?1?picril?hidrazila (DPPH), utilizando camundongos analisou-se toxidade aguda, coordena??o motora (Rota rod), atividade analg?sica (testes das contor??es abdominal induzido pelo ?cido ac?tico, da formalina e da placa quente) e anti-inflamat?ria (teste do edema da pata induzido por carragenina). Foi identificada a presen?a de terpenos, esteroides e compostos fen?licos e o EEP apresentou 116,21?7,80 mgEAG/g de compostos fen?licos e 35,81?8,37 mgEQ/g de flavonoides. No teste de atividade antioxidante o p?len foi capaz de sequestrar o DPPH com CE50 de 60,85?4,70 ?g/mL. Quanto ? toxidade aguda n?o foi observada nenhuma altera??o no teste utilizado, bem como n?o foi verificada altera??es da coordena??o motora no teste do Rota rod. Foi verificada a presen?a de atividade analg?sica e anti-inflamat?ria do EEP nas doses utilizadas (75, 150 e 300 mg/kg), sendo que a dose de 75 mg/kg apresentou o melhor resultado. Os resultados obtidos apontam um potencial antioxidante, analg?sico e anti-inflamat?rio para o EEP dessa esp?cie, al?m de uma poss?vel atividade perif?rica e central.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-11T13:41:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Edlene Ribeiro Prud?ncio.pdf: 1465673 bytes, checksum: 5714fb486b0694f0e6ac0482d5b775a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-11T13:41:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Edlene Ribeiro Prud?ncio.pdf: 1465673 bytes, checksum: 5714fb486b0694f0e6ac0482d5b775a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-04 / Honey and propolis are produced by bees from the nectar and sap collected from plants. In the process, the phenolic compounds derived from secondary metabolism of plants are incorporated into the products mentioned. Honey and propolis samples from multiple regions have been characterized and phenolic compounds can be divided into: hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids and glycosylated flavonoids. In the literature, there is no consensus among the authors about the values for in vitro antioxidant activity. Moreover, these methods do not represent physiological conditions such as concentration of substrates and metabolites interaction. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an alternative tool for a biological assays, since it is similar to mammalian cells. The main goal of this study is to compare the antioxidant potential of different phenolic compounds classes using representatives morin, rutin, chlorogenic acid and syringic acid in control strains (BY4741) and mutant (?sod1 and ?gsh1) of S. cerevisiae. They were evaluated in dose-dependent toxicity, stress tolerance, and lipid peroxidation. All tested phenolic compounds were effective in reducing intracellular oxidative damage, especially the chlorogenic acid in the control strain. When compared to stressed cells, it promoted 75% increase on cell survival rates, compared with 57% on average for the other treatments; and 60% decrease in levels of lipid peroxidation, compared to reductions close to 47% with other treatments. In mutant strains, all compounds presented similar results. Thus, two components of the class hydroxycinnamic acid, caffeic acid and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) were tested comparatively. Both acted as an antioxidant in S. cerevisiae, however CAPE was the most toxic substance promoting the most significant increase on reduced glutathione levels among hydroxycinnamic derivatives. This result supports some related research that claims phenolic compounds protectection is related to activation of the antioxidant system as xenobiotic action of these substances / O mel e a pr?polis s?o produzidos por abelhas, a partir da coleta de n?ctar e seiva das plantas. No processo, os compostos fen?licos oriundos do metabolismo secund?rio dos vegetais s?o incorporados aos produtos mencionados. Amostras de mel e pr?polis de diferentes regi?es foram caracterizadas e o conte?do de compostos fen?licos pode ser dividido em: derivados do ?cido hidroxibenzoico, derivados do ?cido hidroxicin?mico, flavonoides e flavonoides glicosilados. Na literatura, valores de atividade antioxidante in vitro descritos divergem consideravelmente entre os autores. Al?m disso, os m?todos in vitro (DPPH, ABTS, FRAPP, dentre outros) n?o representam condi??es fisiol?gicas como concentra??o de substratos e intera??o de metab?litos. A levedura Saccharomyces cerevisie ? uma ferramenta para ensaio biol?gico, uma vez que apresenta elevada semelhan?a com c?lulas de mam?feros superiores no sistema de defesa antioxidante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o potencial antioxidante de diferentes classes de compostos fen?licos, utilizando os representantes morina, rutina, ?cido sir?ngico e clorog?nico em cepas controle (BY4741) e mutantes (?sod1 e ?gsh1) de S. cerevisiae. Foram avaliados toxidez dose-dependente, toler?ncia ao estresse e peroxida??o lip?dica. Todos os compostos fen?licos testados foram efetivos em reduzir danos oxidativos intracelulares, com destaque para o ?cido clorog?nico na cepa controle. Quando comparado ?s c?lulas estressadas, este promoveu aumentos de 75% de sobreviv?ncia, contra 57% em m?dia dos demais tratamentos; e diminui??o de 60% em n?veis de peroxida??o lip?dica, contra redu??o pr?xima a 47% dos demais tratamentos. Nas cepas mutantes, todas as subst?ncias tiveram resultados semelhantes entre si. Desta forma, outros dois componentes da classe do ?cido hidroxicin?mico, ?cido cafeico e ?ster fenet?lico do ?cido cafeico (CAPE), foram testados comparativamente. Ambos atuaram como antioxidante em S. cerevisiae, entretanto CAPE foi a subst?ncia mais t?xica e tamb?m a que promoveu aumento mais significativo de glutationa reduzida dentre os derivados hidroxicin?micos. Esse resultado corrobora com dados de estudos que apontam que a atividade protetora dos compostos fen?licos est? relacionada a ativa??o do sistema antioxidante por a??o xenobi?tica dessas subst?ncias

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-09-09T23:59:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - VERS?O FINAL - HILANA SALETE SILVA OLIVEIRA.pdf: 2650992 bytes, checksum: c49b570e274076a6845058a800581217 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-09T23:59:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - VERS?O FINAL - HILANA SALETE SILVA OLIVEIRA.pdf: 2650992 bytes, checksum: c49b570e274076a6845058a800581217 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A recurring problem in the chocolate industry is the low quality of cocoa beans, which influences the chocolate aroma. One possibility to contribute to solve this problem is the application of commercial exogenous enzymes on slate. This work proposed detection and sequencing, by mass spectrometry, of the peptides present in slates subjected to treatment with microbial enzyme proposed by Oliveira et al. (2011). Associated to the analysis of peptides was studied the concentration of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity since the reduction of phenolics in cocoa processing steps is known to cause reduction of astringency and bitterness contributing to the formation of important compounds for the chocolate aroma. The results indicate that although the qualitative standard of the hydrophobic amino acids present in the peptides responsible for the mixture of chocolate aroma is more important than the quantitative standard, the presence of the amino acids leucine, alanine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine in appropriate amounts is essential for obtaining desired aroma. The proposed treatment caused a reduction in the phenolics concentration, which is desirable for a chocolate aroma, and in antioxidant activity. In general, the profile peptide, the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of treated slate resembled more good quality almonds suggesting the effectiveness of the proposed treatment. Research the market and trends indicated favorable conditions for diffusion of the proposed treatment in the process industries. / Um problema recorrente na ind?stria de chocolate ? a baixa qualidade das am?ndoas de cacau, o que influencia o aroma do chocolate. Uma forma de contribuir para solucionar este problema ? a aplica??o de enzimas ex?genas comerciais sobre a ard?sia. Esse trabalho prop?s a detec??o e sequencimento, por espectrometria de massas, dos pept?deos presentes em ard?sia submetidas ao tratamento com enzima microbiana proposto por Oliveira et al. (2011). Associado ?s an?lises de pept?deos, foi feito um estudo da concentra??o de fen?licos e atividade antioxidante, uma vez que a redu??o de fen?licos nas etapas de processamento do cacau ? conhecida por causar redu??o da adstring?ncia e amargor, contribuindo para a forma??o de compostos importantes para o aroma de chocolate. Os resultados indicam que embora o padr?o qualitativo dos amino?cidos hidrof?bicos presentes na mistura de pept?deos respons?veis pelo aroma de chocolate seja mais importante que o padr?o quantitativo, a presen?a dos amino?cidos leucina, alanina, fenilalanina e tirosina em propor??es adequadas ? essencial para a obten??o do aroma desejado. O tratamento proposto causou redu??o na concentra??o de fen?licos, o que ? desej?vel para o aroma de chocolate, e na atividade antioxidante. De modo geral, o perfil de pept?deos, o teor de fen?licos e a atividade antioxidante de ard?sia tratada foi muito mais semelhante ao das am?ndoas de boa qualidade sugerindo a efici?ncia do tratamento proposto. Pesquisas de mercado e tend?ncias indicaram condi??es interessantes ? difus?o do tratamento proposto nas ind?strias de processamento.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseBMM_DISSERT.pdf: 5276873 bytes, checksum: e3c7ddb1b1ea1270e9fd36dbd6f43da7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-31 / Licania rigida Benth., Licania tomentosa (Benth.) Fritsch, and Couepia impressa Prance (Chrysobalanaceae family) plants have long been used medicinally by the people from Northeastern Brazil. Crude extracts and infusions of these plants have been applied in the treatment of several conditions such as diabetes and rheumatism, degenerative diseases with involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the aqueous, ethanolic, and hydroethanolic leaves extracts antioxidant capacity of these species, using several in vitro assay systems (reducing power, DPPH? scavenging, the ?-carotene linoleate model system and lipid peroxidation inhibition in rat brain homogenate, using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS). The oral acute toxicity of aqueous extracts was also evaluated in vivo. Results revealed that these extracts possess a potent reducing power and DPPH scavenging ability, as well as the ability to prevent TBARS formation in rat brain homogenate in a concentration-dependent manner. Regarding in vivo oral acute toxicity of the aqueous species extracts, no toxic effects were observed upon evaluating physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters. The presence of high levels of phenolics and flavonoids was determined mainly in the ethanol extract. However, the C. impressa hydroethanolic extract, fractionated with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate for analysis by NMR 1H, showed more efficient results than the reference antioxidant Carduus marianus. The classes of organics compounds were determined were phenolics in the fraction of ethyl acetate and terpenes in chloroform and hexane fractions. The ethil acetate fraction had the highest content of flavonoids and increased scavenging capacity of DPPH?, possibly by the presence of phenolic compounds. Therefore, a detailed investigation of the phytochemical composition and in vivo study of the C. impressa hydroethanolic extract is suggested to characterize the active compounds of the species / Licania rigida Benth., Licania tomentosa (Benth.) Fritsch, e Couepia impressa Prance (fam?lia Chrysobalanaceae) s?o plantas utilizadas pela medicina popular do Nordeste do Brasil, sob a forma de extratos e infus?es para o tratamento do diabetes e reumatismo, doen?as degenerativas com envolvimento de esp?cies reativas de oxig?nio (ERO). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade antioxidante dos extratos aquoso, etan?lico e hidroetan?lico das folhas dessas esp?cies, utilizando v?rios sistemas de ensaio in vitro (poder redutor, capacidade de sequestro do DPPH?, o sistema ?- caroteno/?cido linoleico e a inibi??o da peroxida??o lip?dica em homogenato de c?rebro de ratos, utilizando as subst?ncias reativas do ?cido tiobarbit?rico - SRAT). A toxicidade oral aguda dos extratos aquosos tamb?m foi avaliada in vivo. Os resultados revelaram extratos com alto poder redutor, capacidade de sequestro do DPPH? e de prote??o no sitema ?-caroteno/?cido linoleico, bem como a capacidade de impedir a forma??o de SRAT em homogenato de c?rebro de ratos, de maneira concentra??o-dependente. Quanto ? toxicidade oral aguda in vivo dos extratos aquosos, nenhum efeito t?xico foi observado em rela??o ?s avalia??es fisiol?gica, hematol?gica e bioqu?mica. A presen?a de elevado teor de compostos fen?licos e flavonoides foi determinada principalmente no extrato etan?lico. Entretanto, o extrato hidroetan?lico de C. impressa, fracionado com hexano, clorof?rmio e acetato de etila para a an?lise por RMN 1H, mostrou resultados mais eficientes do que o antioxidante de refer?ncia Carduus marianus. As classes de compostos org?nicos determinados foram fen?licos na fra??o acetato de etila e terpenos nas fra??es hex?nica e clorof?rmica. A fra??o acetato de etila apresentou o maior teor de flavonoides e maior capacidade de sequestro do DPPH?, possivelmente pela presen?a de compostos fen?licos. Portanto, uma detalhada investiga??o da composi??o fitoqu?mica e estudo in vivo do extrato hidroetan?lico de C. impressa ? sugerida para caracterizar os compostos ativos da esp?cie

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EnioRMS_DISSERT.pdf: 3992326 bytes, checksum: bb9137184687e3f768baf2f24b7cf158 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-08 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Studies show the great influence of free radicals and other oxidants as responsible for aging and degenerative diseases. On the other hand, the natural phenolic compounds has shown great as antioxidants to inhibit lipid peroxidation and lipoxygenase in vitro. Among these, is highlighted trans-resveratrol ( 3,5,4 `- trihydroxystilbene ) phenolic compound , characterized as a polyphenol stilbene class. The vegetables popularly known as "Azedinha" (Rumex Acetosa) has trans-resveratrol in its composition and from this, the present work aimed to study on the supercritical extraction and conventional extraction (Soxhlet and sequential) in roots of Rumex Acetosa, evaluating the efficiency of extractive processes, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and quantification of trans-resveratrol contained in the extracts. Extractions using supercritical CO2 as solvent, addition of co-solvent (ethanol) and were conducted by the dynamic method in a fixed bed extractor. The trial met a 23 factorial design with three replications at the central point, with the variable reply process yield and concentration of trans-resveratrol and pressure as independent variables, temperature and concentration of co-solvent (% v/v). Yields ( mass of dry extract / mass of raw material used ) obtained from the supercritical extraction ranged from 0,8 to 7,63 % , and the best result was obtained at 250 bar and 90 ?C using the co-solvent 15% ethanol (% v/v). The value was calculated for YCER a flow rate of 1,0 ? 0,17 g/min resulting in 0,0469 CO2 ( g solute / g solvent ). The results of the mass yield varied between conventional extractions 0,78 % ( hexane) and 9,97 % (ethanol). The statistical model generated from the data of the concentration of trans-resveratrol performed as meaningful and predictive for a 95% confidence. GC analysis on HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), transresveratrol was quantified in all extracts and concentration values ranged between 0,0033 and 0,42 ( mg / g extract) for supercritical extracts and between 0,449 and 17,046 (mg / g extract) to conventional extractions and therefore, the Soxhlet extraction with ethanol for more selective trans-resveratrol than the supercritical fluid. Evaluation of antioxidant (radical method to sequester 2,2- diphenyl-1- picryl - hydrazyl - DPPH) the supercritical extracts resulted in EC50 values (concentration effective to neutralize 50% of free radicals) of between 7,89 and 18,43 mg/mL , while resulting in a Soxhlet extraction with EC50 values in the range of 6,05 and 7,39 mg/mL. As for quantification of the phenolic compounds (Method Spectrophotometer Folin-Ciocalteau) the supercritical extracts resulted in values between 85,3 and 194,79 mg GAE / g extract, whereas values derived from the Soxhlet extract resulted in values between 178,5 and 237,8 mg GAE / g extract. The high antioxidant activity can not be attributed solely to the presence of phenolic compounds, but the presence of other antioxidants in the existing Rumex acetosa / Estudos revelam a grande influ?ncia dos radicais livres e outros oxidantes como respons?veis pelo envelhecimento e por doen?as degenerativas. Por outro lado, os compostos fen?licos naturais tem-se apresentado como ?timos antioxidantes por inibirem a peroxida??o lip?dica e a lipooxigenase in vitro. Dentre estes, encontra-se em destaque o trans-resveratrol (3,5,4 trihidroxiestilbeno), composto fen?lico, caracterizado como um polifenol da classe estilbeno. A hortali?a popularmente conhecida como Azedinha (Rumex acetosa) possui o trans-resveratrol em sua composi??o e a partir disto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral o estudo sobre a extra??o supercr?tica e a extra??o convencional (Soxhlet e sequencial) em ra?zes da Rumex acetosa, avaliando-se a efici?ncia dos processos extrativos, a atividade antioxidante, o teor de fen?licos totais e a quantifica??o do trans-resveratrol contido nos extratos. As extra??es supercr?ticas utilizaram CO2 como solvente, adicionado de co-solvente (etanol) e foram conduzidas pelo m?todo din?mico em um extrator de leito fixo. Os ensaios obedeceram a um planejamento fatorial 23 com triplicata no ponto central, tendo como vari?vel resposta o rendimento do processo e a concentra??o de trans-resveratrol e como vari?veis independentes a press?o, a temperatura e a concentra??o de co-solvente (% v/v). Os rendimentos (massa de extrato seco/ massa de mat?ria-prima utilizada) obtidos da extra??o supercr?tica variaram de 0,8 a 7,63%, sendo que o melhor resultado foi obtido a 250 bar e 90?C, com uso do co-solvente etanol a 15% (v/v). O valor de YCER foi calculado para uma vaz?o de 1,0 ? 0,17 g/min de CO2 resultando em 0,0469 (g soluto/ g solvente). Os resultados de rendimento em massa para as extra??es convencionais variaram entre 0,78% (hexano) e 9,97% (etanol). O modelo estat?stico gerado a partir dos dados de concentra??o de transresveratrol se apresentou como significativo e preditivo para uma confian?a de 95%. Atrav?s de an?lises cromatogr?ficas em CLAE (Cromatografia L?quida de Alta Efici?ncia), o transresveratrol foi quantificado em todos os extratos obtidos e os valores de concentra??o variaram entre 0,0033 e 0,42 (mg/g extrato) para os extratos supercr?ticos e entre 0,449 e 17,046 (mg/g extrato) para extra??es convencionais, sendo, portanto, a extra??o Soxhlet com etanol mais seletiva em trans-resveratrol que a supercr?tica. A avalia??o do poder antioxidante Extra??o, caracteriza??o e avalia??o bioativa do extrato de Rumex acetosa iii ?nio Rafael de Medeiros Santos, Agosto de 2013 (m?todo do sequestro do radical 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil-DPPH) dos extratos supercr?ticos resultaram em valores de EC50 (Concentra??o efetiva que neutraliza 50% dos radicais livres) compreendidos entre 7,89 e 18,43 μg/mL, enquanto que as extra??es com Soxhlet resultaram em valores de EC50 na faixa de 6,05 e 7,39 μg/mL. J? a quantifica??o dos compostos fen?licos totais (M?todo espectrofot?metro de Folin-Ciocalteau) dos extratos supercr?ticos resultaram em valores compreendidos entre 85,3 e 194,79 mg EAG/g extrato, enquanto que os valores dos extratos oriundos do Soxhlet resultaram em valores compreendidos entre 178,5 e 237,8 mg EAG/g extrato. A alta atividade antioxidante pode ser atribu?da n?o somente ? presen?a de compostos fen?licos, mas tamb?m ? presen?a de outros antioxidantes existentes na Rumex acetosa