Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Králové Department of: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Consultant: PharmDr. Pavel Ondrejček, Ph.D. Student: Lenka Bučková Title of Thesis: The influence of rice extract as a new lubricant on the compressibility of microcrystalline cellulose In this thesis the rice extract was studied as a new lubricant. Primarily its influence on microcrystalline cellulose compressibility was studied. Its effects were compared to sodium stearylfumarate and colloidal silicon dioxide. The used lubricants were wixed with the filler in the concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1%. The mass flow rate was evaluated in the filler itself and its mixtures. Subsequently, the tablets were made using the compression forces ranging from 2.5 to 7.5kN. The compaction process was evaluated using the force- displacement method. Furthermore, the tablet hardness, friability and disintegration time was tested. The results showed that the rice extract can be used as lubricant for the used model filler. Unlike other evaluated glidants, it must be used at concentrations up to 0,25%. The use of higher concentrations does not improve the flow properties of tableting mixtures. In addition, material elasticity and tablet friability increases and tablet hardness decreases. On the other...

Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Králové Department of: Pharmaceutical technology Consultant: PharmDr. Pavel Ondrejček, Ph.D. Student: Natálie Havlíková Title of Thesis: The effect of particle size on lactose compressibility It is known that the particle size of the compressed material plays an important role in the manufacture of tablets. It affects the properties of intermediate and final products. In this thesis the properties of tablets made of two lactose types, which were used as model fillers, were studied. These were Tablettose® 80 and Lactopress® Anhydrous. In both lactose types, five sieved size fractions of the particle size ranging from 9 to 346µm and their original unsieved mixture were used. The compaction forces ranging from 2 to 10kN were used for tablet preparation. Magnesium stearate was used for external lubrication. The evaluation of the prepared tablets was done mainly by using the pharmacopoeial methods. The evaluated parameters were friability, disintegration time and hardness. Furthermore, the elasticity of the tablets and the evaluation using the force-displacement method parameters were assessed. From the results of this work, it is not possible to unambiguously determine the advantage of one particular fraction size in the comparison to the...

[pt] Um amplo trabalho de pesquisa, envolvendo extensivas investigações de campo e laboratório de um depósito de argila mole localizado na Zona Industrial de Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, vem sendo desenvolvido pela PUC-Rio desde meados de 2005. Evidências de recalques em estruturas construídas nessa região têm sido reportadas desde o final da década de 70. O presente trabalho apresenta resultados de estudos de laboratório realizados visando à caracterização do depósito argiloso e a determinação de seus parâmetros de compressibilidade e adensamento. Para tanto, desenvolveu- se um programa experimental compreendendo a caracterização físico-químico- mineralógica de amostras do perfil e a execução de ensaios de adensamento edométrico e triaxial hidrostático e anisotrópico. Os experimentos em células edométricas envolveram ensaios convencionais, com medida de permeabilidade e com determinação de compressão secundária. Aspectos de qualidade das amostras ensaiadas são discutidos. Os resultados obtidos propiciaram uma estimativa do K0 do material normalmente adensado, um entendimento do estágio de adensamento hoje existente e uma estimativa preliminar de recalques que podem ainda vir a ocorrer sob as presentes condições de carregamento. / [en] A large research work comprising extensive field and laboratory investigations on a soft clay deposit located in the Industrial Zone of Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, is being developed at PUC-Rio since 2005. Occurrences of settlement of structures built in this region have been reported since the end of the decade of 1970. This work presents results of laboratory studies aiming at the characterization of the soft clay deposit and the determination of compressibility and consolidation parameters of the clay. The experimental program developed comprised physical-chemical- mineralogical characterization of samples from the soil profile and the execution of oedometric consolidation tests and hydrostatic and anisotropic triaxial tests. The experiments in oedometric cells comprised conventional tests and tests with measurement of permeability and determination of secondary compression. Aspects of quality of the samples are highlighted. The obtained results propitiated an estimation of the K0 of the normally consolidated material, an understanding of the present stage of consolidation of the deposit and a preliminary assessment of settlements that may still occur in the site under the present loading conditions.

A pressão e o volume não podem ser definidos corretamente em um sistema nãohomogêneo. Neste trabalho, definimos variáveis macroscópicas globais para um gás confinado em uma armadilha harmônica, os quais são análogos à pressão e o volume. Um sistema ultra-frio tem variáveis termodinâmicas naturais como o número de átomos e a temperatura. Introduzimos um novo conjunto de variáveis globais conjugadas para caracterizar o sistema macroscopicamente. Construímos diferentes diagramas de fase para um gás de Bose de 87Rb aprisionado em uma armadilha harmônica em termos dessas novas variáveis globais obtidas a partir das frequências da armadilha e a distribuição da densidade dos átomos. Nós construímos estes diagramas de fase, identificando os principais aspectos relacionados à transição da condensação de Bose-Einstein em um gás aprisionado. Este procedimento pode ser usado para explorar aspectos relacionados com a condensação de Bose-Einstein, tais como a compressão isotérmica relacionados com a transição de fase. Por outro lado, estas novas quantidades termodinâmicas nos permitem estudar a natureza dos fenômenos quânticos como a pressão do ponto zero relacionada ao princípio da incerteza. / The pressure and volume can not be defined correctly on a non-homogeneous system. In this work we define macroscopic variables for a gas confined in an harmonic trap, which are analogous to pressure and volume. An ultra-cold system has natural thermodynamic variables as number of atoms and temperature. We introduce a new set of global conjugate variables to characterize the system macroscopically. We measure different phase diagrams of a 87Rb Bose gas in a harmonic trap in terms of these new global variables obtained from frequencies of trap and the density distribution of atoms. We construct these phase diagrams identifying the main features related to the Bose- Einstein condensation transition in a trapped gas. This procedure can be used to explore different aspects related to Bose-Einstein condensation, such as the isothermal compressibility related with the phase transition characteristics. On the other hand, these new thermodynamic quantities allow us to study the nature of quantum phenomena as the zero-point pressure related to the uncertainty principle.

Thesis. 1977. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Vita. / Bibliography: p. 200-205. / by Roger D. Kamm. / Ph.D.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:05:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Loss dos Santos Cunha.pdf: 1837978 bytes, checksum: 3b4c8a5f811b16b50cafa9b37b221389 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-20 / Most theories in geotechnical engineering have been proposed and are applied to pure clay and clean sand and not deal with problems involving soil mixtures. However, due to variability of soil found in nature, there is essential for more knowledge of geotechnical properties of mixtures of clay and sand. This study collected published research about geotechnical behavior of mixtures of clay and sand to evaluate experimental results using the normalization proposed by Castello and Polido (1994). These equations quantify the influence of sandy fractions in plasticity and one-dimensional compressibility of clay and sand mixtures with different fractions on the total mass of the dry mixture. And, these equations have been proposed for clays with "same sandy", where compression occurs exclusively in the clay matrix, in a practically uniform and without stress concentration. The results of onecompression dimensional tests, molded into samples in the laboratory for different mixtures of clay and sand, evaluated in this study, indicates a linear relationship between the values of index compression primary and the fraction of fines in mixtures with clay and sand in percentages over 20% clay. The same tendency was observed in the variation of the Atterberg limits with the fraction of fines in different mixtures of clay and sand, since these index properties are correlated with the compressibility of the fines soil. In this case, the identification clays with "same sandy" are valid and the sandy fraction can be considered inert in the mixture of clay and sand. Is also studied in this work, the correlations published in the literature of values of Atterberg limits and the relative values of index compression primary to different mixtures of clayey soils / A maior parte das teorias em engenharia geotécnica foram propostas e são aplicáveis a argilas puras e areias puras e não tratam de problemas envolvendo misturas de solos; porém, devido à variabilidade dos solos encontrados na natureza, verifica-se a necessidade de um maior conhecimento das propriedades geotécnicas de misturas de argila e areia. Este trabalho reuniu pesquisas publicadas sobre o comportamento geotécnico de misturas de argila e areia a fim de avaliar, por meio de resultados experimentais as normalizações propostas por Castello e Polido (1994). Essas equações permitem quantificar a influência de frações arenosas na plasticidade e compressibilidade unidimensional de misturas de argila e areia com diferentes frações relativas à massa total seca da mistura. E foram propostas para argilas pouco arenosas , onde a compressão ocorre exclusivamente na matriz argilosa, de forma praticamente uniforme e sem concentração de tensões. Os resultados dos ensaios de compressão unidimensional, em amostras moldadas em laboratório para diferentes misturas de argila e areia ora avaliados indicam uma relação linear entre os valores do índice de compressão primária e a fração de finos nas misturas de argila e areia com porcentagens superiores a 20% de fração de finos. A mesma tendência foi observada na variação dos valores dos limites de Atterberg com a fração de finos em diferentes misturas de argila e areia, uma vez que tais propriedades índices estão correlacionadas com a compressibilidade dos solos finos. Nesse caso, é válida a identificação de argila pouco arenosa e a fração arenosa pode ser considerada inerte na mistura; são avaliadas também as correlações publicadas na literatura entre valores dos limites de Atterberg e os correspondentes valores de índice de compressão primária de diferentes solos argilosos

In previous studies on suction box dewatering, three mechanisms were identified that determine the dry content of a web, viz. web compression, displacement of water by air and rewetting. In the present work, the relative importance of the three mechanisms was investigated through direct measurement of the web deformation, the dry content changes during and after the suction pulse, the air flow through the fibre network and the saturation of the web after the suction pulse. Suction pressure, suction time and rewetting time were varied. The experiments were done with chemical and mechanical pulp webs of various grammages. It was found that a large web deformation took place during the suction pulse, particularly at its beginning. Compression dewatering was found to be the most dominant dewatering mechanism. Displacement dewatering started after most of the web compression had occurred. Its contribution to the increase in dry content was most pronounced for higher suction pressures, longer suction times and for chemical pulp webs. A surprisingly large expansion of the web was observed immediately after the suction pulse. This expansion was the effect of rewetting. This rewetting strongly reduced the dry content of the web if the web had not been immediately separated from the forming fabric at the end of the suction pulse. Under the conditions studied, the decrease in dry content amounted to the order of 3 to 6 %. Rewetting was smaller for longer suction times and higher suction pressures. A considerable air flow through the web occurred under these conditions. This air flow apparently moved water from the forming fabric into the suction box, thus making less water available for rewetting. Rewetting for mechanical pulp webs was more pronounced and took place faster than for chemical pulps. The use of a membrane on top of the web during suction box dewatering proved to be advantageous for reducing the air flow through the web. However, under the conditions investigated, the dry content could not be improved. Although the web compression was increased when using a membrane, especially at a higher suction pressure, rewetting after the suction pulse had an even larger negative impact on the dry content, which, as a result, was lower. / QC 20100924

A patterned, partially-treed, fen in the mid-boreal region of central Saskatchewan was the site of renewed hydrological research from 2002 to 2004. Hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and storativity were determined through use of a surface loading test, pumping tests, and an enclosed field drainage test. None of these field tests have been previously described in the literature as having been used in peat environments. The combined results of field and laboratory drainage tests were used to obtain a general storativity with water table depth relationship in the upper peat layer. The hydraulic conductivity, measured with slug tests, the loading test, and pumping tests, is high near the surface, declining greatly with depth. These previously untested field methods have the advantage of representing volumes of peat from tenths of a meter to cubic meters. </p>Characterization of the hydrology of the peatland involved year round observations of water table, piezometric head, peat surface elevations, frost depth and peat temperatures. Fluctuations of the water table, and soil moisture changes produce changes in effective stress that lead to volume change in the highly compressible peat. This is particularly important for sites with thick peat deposits. Independent compressibility estimates were as high as 10-5 N/m2 in the upper peat. At three fen sites, changes in peat thickness were estimated from monthly estimates of effective stress change, using year round hydrological observations, and compared to measured annual peat thickness changes. Water table changes causing soil moisture changes, and freeze-thaw processes, explained the majority of peat surface movements.

In the last few years, interest in polymer optical fibers (POF) has increased because of their low cost, easy handling and good flexibility even at large diameters. Moreover, optical cables do not have the problem of electromagnetic interference, which gives, for instance, the problem of cross-talk in copper telephone cables. In the usage of current communication and computer systems the yield has gained a big importance and it has seen from studies that light scattering loss is the only loss, which cannot be eliminated entirely. Besides, this loss causes its attenuation loss intrinsically and determines the lower limit of loss in the POF. In this work, the importance and the dependencies of light scattering were studied, and calculations were done in order to find more appropriate polymer for using as core material of POFs. For this aim, a computer program that calculates the light scattering loss of several amorphous polymers and plots the graph of isotropic scattering loss versus isothermal compressibility and total attenuation loss versus wavelength was written.

A patterned, partially-treed, fen in the mid-boreal region of central Saskatchewan was the site of renewed hydrological research from 2002 to 2004. Hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and storativity were determined through use of a surface loading test, pumping tests, and an enclosed field drainage test. None of these field tests have been previously described in the literature as having been used in peat environments. The combined results of field and laboratory drainage tests were used to obtain a general storativity with water table depth relationship in the upper peat layer. The hydraulic conductivity, measured with slug tests, the loading test, and pumping tests, is high near the surface, declining greatly with depth. These previously untested field methods have the advantage of representing volumes of peat from tenths of a meter to cubic meters. </p>Characterization of the hydrology of the peatland involved year round observations of water table, piezometric head, peat surface elevations, frost depth and peat temperatures. Fluctuations of the water table, and soil moisture changes produce changes in effective stress that lead to volume change in the highly compressible peat. This is particularly important for sites with thick peat deposits. Independent compressibility estimates were as high as 10-5 N/m2 in the upper peat. At three fen sites, changes in peat thickness were estimated from monthly estimates of effective stress change, using year round hydrological observations, and compared to measured annual peat thickness changes. Water table changes causing soil moisture changes, and freeze-thaw processes, explained the majority of peat surface movements.