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Baigiamojo darbo tikslas – dvikoordinačiui įtaisui suprojektuoti skaitmeninio programinio valdymo sistemą bei ištirti jos veikimą. Šio darbo įvadinėje dalyje suformuluojamas darbo tikslas ir uždaviniai, taip pat aptariamas temos aktualumas. Literatūros analizės dalyje analizuojami straipsniai, kuriuose pateikti naujausi skaitmeninio programinio valdymo įrengimų programavimo metodai ir tendencijos. Teorinėje dalyje sudaroma sistemos funkcinė ir principinė elektrinė schemos, sukuriamas sistemos kompiuteris modelis bei programinė įranga. Tiriamojoje dalyje vykdomas sistemos imitavimas, patikrinamas suprojektuotos sistemos darbingumas bei braižomos ir tiriamos sistemos koordinačių formavimo laikinės ir tikslumo charakteristikos. Darbą sudaro 8 dalys: įvadas, literatūros analizė, tyrimo tikslas ir uždaviniai, teorinė dalis, tiriamoji dalis, išvados, literatūros sąrašas bei priedai. Darbo apimtis – 53 p. teksto be priedų, 32 paveikslėlis, 2 lentelės, 25 literatūros šaltiniai. / The goal of this master thesis is to design a computer numerical control system for a two – coordinate device and to do a research of its characteristics. The main tasks are formed, as well as the urgency of the topic is being discussed in the introduction of this thesis. The gathered material about the programming of computer numerical control devices is systemized in the literature analysis part. In the theoretical part of this thesis, a functional and principal electric schematics, models and software are created. In the research part, the system is being simulated and graphic data of coordinates change in time and other precision characteristics are being analyzed. In the conclusion of this master thesis the results are discussed and suggestions are offered. There are eight parts of this master thesis: Introduction, Literature analysis part, The Goal and main tasks of this thesis, Theoretical part, Research part, Conclusions and Suggestions, List of Literature used and Additives. Work size – 53 p. without additives, 32 illustrations, 2 tables, 25 bibliographical sources.

Plastic is widely used to shape many of the daily goods produced and consumed today. Compared to wood and metal, this versatile material was recently introduced to society. The technical advances that began in the mid 1850's led to the invention of the first cellulose plastic polymers - a naturally occurring or synthetic compound consisting of large molecules made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomer (One Look on line Dictionary, 2009) - to be used at an industrial level. Inaugurating a period in which objects could have the strength of metal or wood, while also being lighter, colorful and cheaper to be manufactured. Plastics are a material that has the ability to be easily shaped (Lefteri, 2008). For me, plastic is ideal to work with, not only because its eclectic applications in product design and manufacture, but also due to its ordinary use in our globalized society. My master's research is to design functional objects using different types of plastics. My goal is to experiment with this material and understand the industrial production process behind the manufacture of the daily functional objects that surround us. Each plastic polymer has its proper usage and constraints. These characteristics are taken into account in my design process. Conceptually I allow myself to have freedom in exploring the object's form by respecting the material`s limitations as well as the techniques I have available to design and make my pieces. In conjunction with this creative research, I am using Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing through Computer Numerical Control and Rapid Prototyping technologies to design and produce the pieces. Furthermore, my intention is to have a deep understanding of the uses, production, discard and, recycling procedures of plastics goods. I am interested in knowing more about biodegradable, compostable and recyclable polymers in order to enjoy this great material that is evolving rapidly (Lefteri, 2008) in the contemporary society without causing environmental damage and preserve good conditions to future habitants of the Planet.

Published Aticle / The Centre for Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing (CRPM) made a humble start in 1997 as a spin-off from a proposed research activity in 1995, at a stage when Technikons were still being seen as occupational training institutions rather than higher education institutions and and as such, were not funded for research. Addressing an area of high importance to the South African industry, the research activity soon grew into a research unit, commercial centre / centre of excellence, technology transfer unit and innovation support centre. Above all, the research started to impact on product development practices to deliver improved products. The paper considers the development of the available technology platforms at the CUT'S CRPM to become a technology power-house on the African continent, and how it impacted on Institutional Research Development in South Africa.

The objective of this work is to develop a methodology to control of equipments powered by stepping motors, via the computer parallel port, with up to three programmable axes, for use in automated processes. To implement the proposed system, used to be an environment for developing computer programs, which could make communication with the computer's parallel port for data transfer control circuits to drive the stepping motors. The program developed has the following functions: priority for implementing the process in the microcomputer operating system, interpretation of sequences of planned operations through data files, view the data file to control the equipment during its implementation; view realtime control data sent to the parallel port, manual and automatic control of equipment, implementation of reverse form of movements applied to the axes of equipment, adjustment of speed of the movement axes of the equipment in automatic or manual and online help system. Important features presented by the proposed system is the precision control of speed, the ability to store different settings for different equipment, possibility of playing in an automatic way to 100 times an operation planned by facilitating mass production, and capacity to store a sequence of manual commands, enabling the program by learning. Practical tests of operation of the system demonstrated the feasibility of applying the technique in cases that require programmable automation. / O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver uma metodologia de controle de equipamentos acionados por motores de passo, via porta paralela de microcomputadores, com até três eixos programáveis, para utilização em processos de automação. Para implementar o sistema proposto, utilizou-se um ambiente de desenvolvimento de programas computacionais, através do qual foi possível fazer a comunicação com a porta paralela do computador para transferência de dados de controle aos circuitos de acionamento dos motores de passos. O programa desenvolvido possui as seguintes funções: prioridade de execução do processo no sistema operacional do microcomputador; interpretação de seqüências de operações programadas através de arquivos de dados; visualização do arquivo de dados para controle do equipamento durante sua execução; visualização em tempo real dos dados de controle enviados à porta paralela; controle manual e automático do equipamento; execução de forma reversa dos movimentos aplicados aos eixos do equipamento; ajuste de velocidade dos eixos de movimento do equipamento de forma automática ou manual; e sistema de ajuda online. Características importantes apresentadas pelo sistema proposto são a precisão no controle da velocidade, a capacidade de armazenar configurações diversas para diferentes equipamentos, possibilidade de reproduzir de forma automática até 100 vezes uma operação programada, facilitando a produção em série e capacidade de armazenar uma seqüência de comandos manuais, possibilitando a programação por aprendizagem. Testes práticos de operação do sistema demonstraram a viabilidade de aplicação da técnica em processos que demandam automação programável.

The computer numerical control (CNC) machines can be programmed. They have functions that help to get different superficies of varied geometry in the manufacturing process of mechanical parts. This research has the purpose to present a methodology of application of the resources of parametrized programming for the developing of manufacturing cycles to a machine (CNC). The parametrized programming seems to be an efficient tool to implement routines that the machine does not have. By using traditional programming resources, it reduces the number of programming lines in relation to more used methods. This dissertation shows a technique that increases the machine operational efficiency by increasing the programming resources, and also add value to the use of the machine in the operational production process / As máquinas de comando numérico computadorizado (CNC) são programáveis e possuem funções que facilitam a obtenção de diferentes superfícies com geometria variada na manufatura de peças mecânicas. Este trabalho tem como finalidade apresentar uma metodologia de aplicação dos recursos avançados de programação no desenvolvimento de rotinas parametrizadas dedicadas ao processo de fresamento. A programação parametrizada mostrou-se uma ferramenta eficaz para criar ciclos de usinagem a serem implementados como recursos adicionais às funções de programação disponíveis no comando da máquina. Por usar recursos tradicionais de programação, a técnica reduz o número de linhas de códigos em relação aos métodos computacionais de geração automática de programas de operação do equipamento. O trabalho mostrou que a técnica de programação parametrizada aumenta a eficiência operacional da máquina, através do aumento dos recursos de programação, agregando maior valor na utilização da mesma para realizar operações produtivas

In this project the objective is to understand how to design a braiding machine capable of automated production of Omnifibre in a research environment. Automated production of Omnifibre is the key issue for the researchers as they want to increase the weaveabilty of the fibers and make it more suitable for use in active textiles. To achieve the necessary knowledge when designing a braiding machine, an extensive literature study was performed which focused on braids, braiding machines, and CNC manufacturing. An Interview with a researcher and with a manufacturing expert was conducted. Simulations of different braiding machine configurations were performed in TexMind braiding machine configurator. Solidworks was used to estimate the size of the braiding machine. A large amount of the machine’s parts were manufactured on a CNC mill and lathe to test manufacturability and to aid in designing optimal subsystems. The result is a proposed design for a braiding machine in the form of a 3-D model and a partially completed prototype used for testing and design evaluation. The conclusion is that Omnifibre is much like other ultra-fine braided threads, and the research on its applicability has a big impact on the braiding machine’s design, especially on flexibility in thread material and braiding patterns.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjamos liejimo slegiant formų projektavimo, ga-mybos technologinio paruošimo bei gamybos proceso problemos ir aptariami novatoriški jų sprendimo būdai. Apžvelgiami plastinių medžiagų perdirbimo procesai. Analizuojamas tradi-cinis liejimo slegiant formų gamybos procesas ir jo trūkumai. Pateikiami organizaciniai ir te-chniniai tradicinio gamybos proceso tobulinimo būdai, panaudojant naujausią programinę įrangą, įrankius, medžiagas ir stakles. Tiriamojoje dalyje atliekamas ruošinio parinkimo įtakos liejimo formos detalių savikainai modeliavimas. Išanalizavus visas liejimo slegiant formų ga-mybos problemas, pateikiamos baigiamojo darbo išvados ir siūlymai. Darbą sudaro 7 dalys: įvadas, plastikų perdirbimas, tradicinio liejimo slegiant formų gamybos proceso analizė, liejimo slegiant formų gamybos proceso šiuolaikinės tobulinimo kryptys, ruošinio parinkimo įtakos liejimo formos detalių savikainai modeliavimas, išvados ir pasiūlymai, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 73 p. teksto be priedų, 50 iliustr., 14 lent., 21 bibliografinis šaltinis. Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai. / In this final master work are investigated plastic injection moulds design, production technological preparation and production problems and discussed innovative solution ways of these problems. Reviewed remake processes of plastic meterials. Analysed tradicional plastic injection mould production process and its weaknesses. Gived organizational and technical tra-dicional production process improvement ways handling the modern software, tools, materials and machines. In investigational part is performed modeling of billet selection influence to cost price of mould parts. After analysis of all the plastic injection moulds production problems gived conclusions and suggestions of this final work. Structure: introduction, remake of plastics, traditional plastic injection moulds production process analysis, modern improvement ways of plastic injection moulds production process, modeling of billet selection influence to cost price of mould parts, conclusions and suggestions, references. Thesis consist of: 73 p. text without appendixes, 50 pictures, 14 tables, 21 bibliographi-cal entries. Appendixes included.