The availability of modern commodity multicore processors and multiprocessor computer systems has resulted in the widespread adoption of parallel computers in a variety of environments, ranging from the home to workstation and server environments in particular. Unfortunately, parallel programming is harder and requires more expertise than the traditional sequential programming model. The variety of tools and parallel programming models available to the programmer further complicates the issue. The primary goal of this research was to identify and describe a selection of parallel programming tools and techniques to aid novice parallel programmers in the process of developing efficient parallel C/C++ programs for the Linux platform. This was achieved by highlighting and describing the key concepts and hardware factors that affect parallel programming, providing a brief survey of commonly available software development tools and parallel programming models and libraries, and presenting structured approaches to software performance tuning and parallel programming. Finally, the performance of several parallel programming models and libraries was investigated, along with the programming effort required to implement solutions using the respective models. A quantitative research methodology was applied to the investigation of the performance and programming effort associated with the selected parallel programming models and libraries, which included automatic parallelisation by the compiler, Boost Threads, Cilk Plus, OpenMP, POSIX threads (Pthreads), and Threading Building Blocks (TBB). Additionally, the performance of the GNU C/C++ and Intel C/C++ compilers was examined. The results revealed that the choice of parallel programming model or library is dependent on the type of problem being solved and that there is no overall best choice for all classes of problem. However, the results also indicate that parallel programming models with higher levels of abstraction require less programming effort and provide similar performance compared to explicit threading models. The principle conclusion was that the problem analysis and parallel design are an important factor in the selection of the parallel programming model and tools, but that models with higher levels of abstractions, such as OpenMP and Threading Building Blocks, are favoured.

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Orientador: Tom Dwyer / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T10:47:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mazieres_AntoineBernardoMarie_M.pdf: 1276055 bytes, checksum: fb566238c8de83cd0ddace38cae7b026 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta dissertação procura apresentar as significações políticas e culturais de um movimento de Software Livre e de Código Aberto (SL/CA) entendido como conjunto muito heterogêneo de comunidades e projetos. Ademais, a partir de um histórico do objeto "software" desde a sua origem, mostramos como ele foi diferenciado do hardware e depois encerrado como um objeto fechado pela companhias de software nascentes. Nesse contexto, o movimento SL/CA aparece tanto uma reação ao fenômeno de blackboxing, como uma continuação da tradição de compartilhamento de informações dentro da engenharia da computação. Por isso, estrutura-se ao redor de vários ramos da ética hacker e de seu agnosticismo político para constituir uma alternativa tecnológica concreta. Isto nos permite afirmar que as características sociopolíticas das comunidades do Software Livre devem ser procuradas no próprio ato de programar, na pragmática, como arte ou regulação. Dessa forma, estudamos os casos específicos de varias comunidades (gNewSense, Samba, BSD) para tentar sistematizar os seus posicionamentos tecnológicos e sociopolíticos a respeito do movimento tecnológico contemporâneo. / Abstract: This dissertation presents some political and cultural significations of a Free Software Movement, understood as a heterogeneous aggregation of projects and communities. Then, the historical analysis of the "software object" shows how it become, in the first place, differentiated from the hardware and, then, secondly, closed as an end- product by the rising software companies. In this context, the Free Software Movement presents itself as a reaction to blackboxing phenomena, as well as a continuation of the computater engineering tradition of sharing knowledge freely. Therefore, FS Movement has become structured through diverse blends of Hacker Ethic and its own political agnosticism, in order to build a concrete technological alternative. This leads to the argument that sociopolitical characteristics of Free Software communities should be found in the very act of programming, and in its pragmatics as an art or a regulation. Finally, specific cases of several communities (gNewSense, Samba, BSD) are examined in an attempt to systematize their sociopolitical and technological positions of the contemporary technological movement. / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciência Política

The Spider Project is an object-oriented distributed system which provides a testbed for researchers in the Department of Computer Science, CSUSB, to conduct research on distributed systems.

Spider II system is the second version implementation of the Spider project. This system is the first distributed computation research project in the Department of Computer Science at CSUSB. Spider II is a distributed virtual machine on top of the UNIX or LINUX operating system. Spider II features multi-tasking, load balancing and fault tolerance, which optimize the performance and stability of the system.

Subjects were 32 computer programmers employed in a large computerized tax-processing company in the Southwest. Ratings of each programmer's job performance by his/her immediate supervisor and scores on the Aptitude Test for Programmer Personnel (ATPP) were obtained. Relationships between test scores and criteria were examined to identify significant (p < .05) correlations. Statistical treatment of data included zero-order Pearson product-moment correlation, multiple linear regression, and first-order semi-partial correlation analyses. Results indicated that the ATPP did not successfully predict (2 >.05) the rated performance of the programmers.

Subjects were 34 computer programmers employed in a major computerized tax processing company. Scores in the Computer Programmer Aptitude Battery (CPAB) and ratings of each programmer's job performance by his immediate supervisor were obtained. The purpose of the study was to validate a selection test. The relationship between the aptitude battery and performance evaluations was examined to evaluate the test's ability in predicting programming performance. Statistical treatment of data included Pearson product-moment correlations and a multiple linear regression analysis. The total test scores and several of the subtests were found to be significantly correlated with performance.

Thesis: M.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1980 / Bibliography: leaf 85. / by Hong Kien Ong. / M.S. / M.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management

Syftet med studien är att beskriva och exemplifiera uppfattningar och tankar om datorkunskap och programmering inom grundskolan och Makerspace-rörelsen. Lärare, verksamhetsutvecklare och avdelningschef inom samma skolverksamhet samt, i jämförande syfte, en anställd på ett Makerspace intervjuades om deras uppfattning om datorkunskap och programmering. Resultatet av studien visar att inom skolverksamheten används i stor utsträckning färdiga lektionsupplägg för programmeringsundervisningen, framtagna av organisationen Naturkunskap och teknik för alla (NTA). NTA har en central roll i skolverksamheten och erbjuder fortbildning och lektionsmaterial för de naturorienterande ämnena, matematik och teknik. På Makerspace sker utbildning i programmering främst med programmeringsplattformen Roblox som erbjuder en virtuell programmerbar värld.   Alla i studien uttryckte att det behövs medvetenhet och kunskap hos lärare såväl som hos elever om hur och när digitala verktyg ska användas. Framtidens samhälle ställer även krav på individen att ha en grundläggande förståelse för programmering och datalogiskt tänkande. För att möta kraven på arbetsmarknaden samt för att förstå och hantera teknologiska förändringar, inklusive användningen av AI. En erfarenhet från skolverksamheten som både lärare och avdelningschef hade var att programmering tilltalade elever som kan befinna sig i riskzon för att bli hemmasittare. Det skulle vara av värde både för individ och samhälle att utforska vad det är i programmeringsämnet som tilltalar dessa individer. / The purpose of this study is to describe and exemplify perceptions and thoughts about computer science and programming in primary school and the Makerspace movement. Teachers, an educational developer, and a head of a department within the same school organisation and, for comparative purposes, an employee at a Makerspace, were interviewed about their views on computer science and programming. The study’s results showed that within the school organisation ready-made lesson plans for programming education developed by the organisation “Naturkunskap och teknik för alla” (NTA) were widely used. NTA plays a vital role in the school organisation and offers teacher education and lesson materials for the subjects of mathematics, science and technology. In Makerspace, education in programming primarily takes place using the programming platform Roblox, which offers a virtual programmable world. Everyone in the study expressed that there is a need for awareness and knowledge among both teachers and students regarding how and when digital tools should be used. The society of the future also demands that individuals have a basic understanding of programming and computational thinking, to meet the demands of the job market and to understand and manage technological advances, including the use of AI. An experience from the school organisation, that both teachers and the department head had, was that programming appealed to students who may be at risk of becoming non-attenders. It would be of value for both the individual and society to explore what it is about the subject of programming that appeals to these individuals.

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