The concept of home care nursing workload has not been widely studied and no evidence was found that an analysis of the concept had been undertaken. Consequently, there was a knowledge gap regarding the definition and attributes for the concept of home care nursing workload as it is currently experienced. To address that gap, a descriptive, three-phase, mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) study was conducted. In Phase One, Rodgers’ (2000) evolutionary method was used to analyze the concept of home care nursing workload based on the empirical literature. Phase Two was situated within the naturalistic inquiry paradigm and involved observation of ten home care registered nurses during their visits to 61 patients. In Phase three a questionnaire was administered to validate the draft definition and attributes for the concept of home care nursing workload. It was completed by 88 home care nursing experts from clinical practice, education, management and research. Qualitative findings were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS. Data triangulation was used extensively within and between the study phases. Of 14 attributes in the phase three draft concept definition, respondents assigned the highest level of relevance to the attribute of cognitive effort and the lowest to physical effort. The final definition contained 20 attributes and includes the following excerpt: “Home care nursing workload is the totality of the cognitive, emotional and physical effort home care nurses expend to meet the expectations of all stakeholders in providing holistic, outcome directed and patient/family focused care within the context of a short or long-term therapeutic relationship.” Respondents reported high levels of agreement with the accuracy and completeness of the definition and the majority indicated the definition would be useful or very useful in their day-to-day work. The comprehensive concept exemplar that emerged from the study includes each of the identified attributes. The study findings provided evidence of the complexity and challenge inherent in quantitatively measuring home care nursing workload. Accordingly, implications of the findings are shared for the management and monitoring of workload and associated outcomes, as well as for nursing practice, education and research.

The concept of home care nursing workload has not been widely studied and no evidence was found that an analysis of the concept had been undertaken. Consequently, there was a knowledge gap regarding the definition and attributes for the concept of home care nursing workload as it is currently experienced. To address that gap, a descriptive, three-phase, mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) study was conducted. In Phase One, Rodgers’ (2000) evolutionary method was used to analyze the concept of home care nursing workload based on the empirical literature. Phase Two was situated within the naturalistic inquiry paradigm and involved observation of ten home care registered nurses during their visits to 61 patients. In Phase three a questionnaire was administered to validate the draft definition and attributes for the concept of home care nursing workload. It was completed by 88 home care nursing experts from clinical practice, education, management and research. Qualitative findings were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS. Data triangulation was used extensively within and between the study phases. Of 14 attributes in the phase three draft concept definition, respondents assigned the highest level of relevance to the attribute of cognitive effort and the lowest to physical effort. The final definition contained 20 attributes and includes the following excerpt: “Home care nursing workload is the totality of the cognitive, emotional and physical effort home care nurses expend to meet the expectations of all stakeholders in providing holistic, outcome directed and patient/family focused care within the context of a short or long-term therapeutic relationship.” Respondents reported high levels of agreement with the accuracy and completeness of the definition and the majority indicated the definition would be useful or very useful in their day-to-day work. The comprehensive concept exemplar that emerged from the study includes each of the identified attributes. The study findings provided evidence of the complexity and challenge inherent in quantitatively measuring home care nursing workload. Accordingly, implications of the findings are shared for the management and monitoring of workload and associated outcomes, as well as for nursing practice, education and research.

Formal concept analysis (FCA) is a mathematical formalism based on order and lattice theory for data analysis. It has found applications in a broad range of neighboring fields including Semantic Web, data mining, knowledge representation, data visualization and software engineering. ICFCA is a series of annual international conferences that started in 2003 in Darmstadt and has been held in several continents: Europe, Australia, America and Africa. ICFCA has evolved to be the main forum for researchers working on theoretical or applied aspects of formal concept analysis worldwide. In 2013 the conference returned to Dresden where it was previously held in 2006. This year the selection of contributions was especially competitive. This volume is one of two volumes containing the papers presented at ICFCA 2013. The other volume is published by Springer Verlag as LNAI 7880 in its LNCS series. In addition to the regular contributions, we have included an extended abstract: Jean-Paul Doignon reviews recent results connecting formal concept analysis and knowledge space theory in his contribution “Identifiability in Knowledge Space Theory: a Survey of Recent Results”. The high-quality of the program of the conference was ensured by the much-appreciated work of the authors, the Program Committee members, and the Editorial Board members. Finally, we wish to thank the local organization team. They provided support to make ICFCA 2013 proceed smoothly in a pleasant atmosphere.

Formal concept analysis (FCA) is a mathematical formalism based on order and lattice theory for data analysis. It has found applications in a broad range of neighboring fields including Semantic Web, data mining, knowledge representation, data visualization and software engineering. ICFCA is a series of annual international conferences that started in 2003 in Darmstadt and has been held in several continents: Europe, Australia, America and Africa. ICFCA has evolved to be the main forum for researchers working on theoretical or applied aspects of formal concept analysis worldwide. In 2013 the conference returned to Dresden where it was previously held in 2006. This year the selection of contributions was especially competitive. This volume is one of two volumes containing the papers presented at ICFCA 2013. The other volume is published by Springer Verlag as LNAI 7880 in its LNCS series. In addition to the regular contributions, we have included an extended abstract: Jean-Paul Doignon reviews recent results connecting formal concept analysis and knowledge space theory in his contribution “Identifiability in Knowledge Space Theory: a Survey of Recent Results”. The high-quality of the program of the conference was ensured by the much-appreciated work of the authors, the Program Committee members, and the Editorial Board members. Finally, we wish to thank the local organization team. They provided support to make ICFCA 2013 proceed smoothly in a pleasant atmosphere.:EXTENDED ABSTRACT Jean-Paul Doignon: Identifiability in Knowledge Space Theory: a survey of recent results S. 1 REGULAR CONTRIBUTIONS Ľubomír Antoni, Stanislav Krajči, Ondrej Krídlo and Lenka Pisková: Heterogeneous environment on examples S. 5 Robert Jäschke and Sebastian Rudolph: Attribute Exploration on the Web S. 19 Adam Krasuski and Piotr Wasilewski: The Detection of Outlying Fire Service’s Reports. The FCA Driven Analytics S. 35 Xenia Naidenova and Vladimir Parkhomenko: An Approach to Incremental Learning Based on Good Classification Tests S. 51 Alexey A. Neznanov, Dmitry A. Ilvovsky and Sergei O. Kuznetsov: FCART: A New FCA-based System for Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery S. 65

Critical thinking ability is imperative for nurse practitioners in the multidimensional unfolding health care arena. Consensus as to what critical thinking entails has yet to be articulated. This non-empirical study thus set out to clarify the concept "critical thinking. Walker and Avant's (1995) proposal for conducting a concept analysis was used within the qualitative research paradigm. Literature selected from the fields of education, philosophy, nursing and psychology was consulted as the main source of data. Thematic and theoretical sampling of literature were also embarked upon during the later stage of the research to add density to emergent categories and themes. Categories were organised according to the Strauss and Corbin (1995) paradigmatic model; indicating the antecedents, disposition of the thinker, attributes and critical attributes, and outcomes of critical thinking. The findings indicate that critical thinking is a complex, multidimensional, dynamic, existential and context dependent mental operation. The essence of critical thinking is further illuminated by the construction of a model case and additional cases. The concept critical thinking is finally succinctly defined. The implications that critical thinking holds for nursing education and practice are spelled out. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskan har ansvar att tillämpa delaktighet i omvårdnad, både utifrån lagar men även utifrån ett etiskt perspektiv. Sjuksköterskans arbete på somatisk vårdavdelning påverkas av faktorer såsom hög arbetsbelastning och att bli avbruten. Detta påverkar sjuksköterskans tillämpning av delaktighet. Kunskap och förståelse om delaktighet kan underlätta främjandet av delaktighet i sjuksköterskans arbete. Orems omvårdnadsteori, som examensarbetet tagit förankring i, bygger på att sjuksköterskan ska stärka patientens förmåga till egenvård varvid delaktighet är en förutsättning. Syfte: Syftet är att belysa begreppet delaktighet för patienter på somatisk vårdavdelning i relation till sjuksköterskan. Metod: En begreppsanalytisk modell av Walker och Avant. Resultat: Delaktighet utgörs av orden del och akt och har ursprung i latinska pars. Delaktighet finns i olika former och är en aktiv handling där patientens inre resurser beaktas. Delning av information, en etablerad relation och tillit är viktigt vid ansvarsfördelning. Delaktighet som begrepp består av de sex attributen integration, informationsutbyte, partnerskap, interaktion, kapacitet och ansvar. Alla attributen är beroende av varandra för att fånga in begreppet, vilket demonstreras i olika fallbeskrivningar. Slutsats: De sex definierande attributen har tydliggjort hur delaktighet kan användas i praktiken. Med konkretisering av delaktighet finns ökad förståelse för hur sjuksköterskan kan främja patientens förmåga till egenvård. / Background: A nurse has a responsibility to apply participation in nursing, both from laws but also from an ethical point of view. A nurse’s work in a somatic ward is affected by factors as high workload and being interrupted, which affects participation. Knowledge and understanding about participation may facilitate participation in the nurse’s work. Orem’s theory of nursing, on which this bachelor thesis has taken abutment in, is based on that the nurse should consolidate the patient’s ability to self-care wherein participation is a condition. Aim: To highlight the concept of participation of patients in a somatic ward in relation to the nurse. Method: A concept analysis model by Walker and Avant. Results: Participation constitute from the words part and act and has its origin in Latin pars. Participation comes in different forms and is an active action where the patient’s inner resources are taken in regard. Sharing of information, an established relationship and trust is important for division of responsibility. Participation as a concept consists of the six attributes integration, information exchange, partnership, interaction, capacity and responsibility. All these attributes depend on each other to capture the concept, which has been demonstrated in different case studies. Conclusion: The six defining attributes have clarified how participation can be used in practice. With the concretization of participation there is greater understanding of how the nurse can promote the patient's ability to self-care.

Aim: The overall aim of the thesis was to explore and describe the concepts of guilt and shame and gain a greater understanding of the next-of-kin’s experiences of guilt and shame in end-of-life care. Methods: Study I was a qualitative secondary analysis of 47 interviews with next-of-kin searching for experiences of guilt and shame. In study II a semantic concept analysis of the two concepts guilt and shame was performed. In studies III and IV a hermeneutic approach inspired by Gadamer was used to analyze next-of-kin’s experiences of guilt (Study III), and shame (Study IV) in end-of-life care. Main findings: The concept of guilt focus on behaviour and the concept of shame on the influence on the self.  The situation of being next-of-kin in end-of-life care involves a commitment to make the remaining time for the loved one as good as possible. When, for some reason, the commitment cannot be accomplished there is a risk that the next-of-kin experience guilt such as not having done enough, not having been together during important events, not having talked enough to each other, or not having done the right things. Aspects such as not having fulfilled a commitment, omission, and being the cause of can be present in these experiences. The guilt experience has a focus on what the next-of-kin has, or has not done. The experiences of shame are also linked to a perception that the remaining time for the loved one should be as good as possible. Shame can occur when the next-of-kin is involved and actually causes harm to the loved one as well as in situations that are beyond their control. Shame that the next-of-kin experience can also emanate from being put in situations by other people. Feelings of inferiority and powerlessness, second order shame, and family conflicts that are brought into the open are experiences of shame found in the studies as well as ignominy, humiliation, and disgrace. The shame experience has a focus on the next-of-kin’s self. Conclusion: The situation of being next-of-kin in end-of-life care is complex and demanding, something that health professionals should be aware of. Acknowledgement of experiences of guilt and shame can help the next-of-kin in their adaptation to the end-of-life situation as a whole and maybe also give useful tools to support next-of-kin during bereavement.

Linguistic discourse refers to the meaning of larger text segments, and could be very useful for guiding attempts at text mining such as document selection or summarization. The aim of this project is to apply discourse information to Knowledge Discovery in Databases. As far as we know, this is the first attempt at combining these two very different fields, so the goal is to create a basis for this type of knowledge extraction. We approach the problem by extracting discourse relations using unsupervised methods, and then model the data using pattern structures in Formal Concept Analysis. Our method is applied to a corpus of medical articles compiled from PubMed. This medical data can be further enhanced with concepts from the UMLS MetaThesaurus, which are combined with the UMLS Semantic Network to apply as an ontology in the pattern structures. The results show that despite having a large amount of noise, the method is promising and could be applied to domains other than the medical domain. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Association rule mining (ARM) is the task of identifying meaningful implication rules exhibited in a data set. Most research has focused on extracting frequent item (FI) sets and thus fallen short of the overall ARM objective. The FI miners fail to identify the upper covers that are needed to generate a set of association rules whose size can be exploited by an end user. An alternative to FI mining can be found in formal concept analysis (FCA), a branch of applied mathematics. FCA derives a concept lattice whose concepts identify closed FI sets and connections identify the upper covers. However, most FCA algorithms construct a complete lattice and therefore include item sets that are not frequent. An iceberg lattice, on the other hand, is a concept lattice whose concepts contain only FI sets. Only three algorithms to construct an iceberg lattice were found in literature. Given that an iceberg concept lattice provides an analysis tool to succinctly identify association rules, this study investigated additional algorithms to construct an iceberg concept lattice. This report presents the development and analysis of the Quick Iceberg Concept Lattice (QuICL) algorithms. These algorithms provide incremental construction of an iceberg lattice. QuICL uses recursion instead of iteration to navigate the lattice and establish connections, thereby eliminating costly processing incurred by past algorithms. The QuICL algorithms were evaluated against leading FI miners and FCA construction algorithms using benchmarks cited in literature. Results demonstrate that QuICL provides performance on the order of FI miners yet additionally derive the upper covers. QuICL, when combined with known algorithms to extract a basis of association rules from a lattice, offer a "best known" ARM solution. Beyond this, the QuICL algorithms have proved to be very efficient, providing an order of magnitude gains over other incremental lattice construction algorithms. For example, on the Mushroom data set, QuICL completes in less than 3 seconds. Past algorithms exceed 200 seconds. On T10I4D100k, QuICL completes in less than 120 seconds. Past algorithms approach 10,000 seconds. QuICL is proved to be the "best known" all around incremental lattice construction algorithm. Runtime complexity is shown to be O(l d i) where l is the cardinality of the lattice, d is the average degree of the lattice, and i is a mean function on the frequent item extents.

Este estudo buscou desenvolver o conceito vulnerabilidade da família, utilizando a estratégia da Análise Qualitativa de Conceito que consta de duas etapas: na primeira, a fase teórica, os dados foram coletados baseados na literatura, com o objetivo de identificar os atributos teóricos do conceito; e, na segunda, a fase de campo, foram usadas a entrevista e a observação de 12 famílias vivenciando uma experiência de doença e hospitalização de um filho. O Interacionismo Simbólico foi o eixo teórico que orientou os processos de indagação, dando sustentação à Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, que foi utilizada para guiar a coleta e análise dos dados nesta etapa. Como resultado, construiu-se um modelo teórico cuja categoria central define a vulnerabilidade da família como SENTINDO-SE AMEAÇADA EM SUA AUTONOMIA, em razão das interações com a doença, família e equipe. A comparação das duas análises permitiu ampliar as propriedades do conceito, tornando possível elaborar uma proposição teórica de vulnerabilidade da família, e assim, avançar em termos de conhecimento teórico para a área de enfermagem da família. / The aim of this study was to develop the concept vulnerability of the family. The Qualitative Concept Analysis, which entails an assessment process using various techniques, was applied. Phase I: data were collected from literature for identification of the theoretical attributes of the concept. Phase II: data were collected from interviews and observation with twelve families living the experience of having a child hospitalized. The Symbolic Interactionism was the theoretical foundation that orientated the questioning process, and supported Grounded Theory, applied to guide data collection and analysis in this phase. A theoretical model was built as a result of phase II, whose central category defines vulnerability of the family as BEING THREATENED IN THEIR AUTONOMY, due to the interactions between family members, illness and health staff. The comparison of the two analyses gave raise to the properties of the concept, allowing its theoretical proposition to expand the theoretical knowledge in family nursing area.