The aim of this work is design and assessment of the box-girder road bridge on by-road of Bludov. Bridge is designed as composite steel concrete bridge with 5 spans with distances between supports of 31,25 m; 40,0 m; 60,0 m; 60,0 m and 40,35 m. Main bearing structure is designed as open steel box-girder with reinforced concrete deck. Box girder is braced with longitudinal and transversal bracings. Main structure is separated for each traffic direction. The bridge crosses river Morava and railway in 2nd and 3rd span, respectively. The category of road I/44 is S 21,5/100. The height of steel box girder is designed as 2,5 m. Bridge will be built by incremental launching method, with in-situ casted concrete deck afterwards. The bridge is designed according to current standards. Supporting elements are designed from steel of class S 355 and concrete of class C35/45.

The final thesis is focused on design of valley bridging on I/38 road at the Havlickuv Brod bypass. The thesis contains study of the bridging area. For detailed assessment was chosen, from three variants, a two-beam cross-section girder of 4 spans. Load-bearing structure is designed as cast-in-place, post-tensioned, concreted at fixed falsework without phased construction. The serviceability limit state and the ultimate limit state were assessed. The thesis contains, apart from structural design, drawings and visualizations of the bridge.

The subject of the thesis is to design and consider steel superstructure of a composite steel-concrete road bridge. It is a continuous beam with seven spans of 36,0 + 57,0 + 75,0 + 90,0 + 75,0 + 57,0 + 36,0 = 426 meters. The superstructure consists of welded I-beams, which pass into closed box girder. The calculations take into account the construction phase.

The diploma thesis deals with design and assessment of steel arched bridge with the semi through bridge deck placed on the third-class road. This steel structure is drawn up to bridge water barrier – the river Olše in Návsí. The distance between axes lay on abutments is 48,5 meters. The bridge´s supporting structure consists of two steel arches angled towards each other and fastened to the foundation blocks. The supporting beam of the bridge deck is tied to the arch by tie-rods. The tie-rods are designed to the V-shaped system.

The task of the thesis is to design composite steel-concrete bridge consisting of four spans. Student will design two versions – continuous beam and four simple supported beams.

Corrosion damage reduces the load-carrying capacity of bridges which poses a threat to passenger safety. The objective of this research was to reduce the resources involved in conventional bridge inspections which are an important tool in the condition assessment of bridges and to help in determining if live load testing is necessary. This research proposes a framework to link semi-automated damage detection on prestressed concrete bridge girders with the estimation of their residual flexural capacity. The framework was implemented on four full-scale corrosion damaged girders from decommissioned bridges in Virginia. 3D point clouds of the girders reconstructed from images using Structure from Motion (SfM) approach were textured with images containing cracks detected at pixel level using a U-Net (Fully Convolutional Network). Spalls were detected by identifying the locations where normals associated with the points in the 3D point cloud deviated from being perpendicular to the reference directions chosen, by an amount greater than a threshold angle. 3D textured mesh models, overlaid with the detected cracks and spalls were used as 3D damage maps to determine reduced cross-sectional areas of prestressing strands to account for the corrosion damage as per the recommendations of Naito, Jones, and Hodgson (2011). Scaling them to real-world dimensions enabled the measurement of any required dimension, eliminating the need for physical contact. The flexural capacities of a box beam and an I-beam estimated using strain compatibility analysis were validated with the actual capacities at failure sections determined from four destructive tests conducted by Al Rufaydah (2020). Along with the reduction in the cross-sectional areas of strands, limiting the ultimate strain that heavily corroded strands can develop was explored as a possible way to improve the results of the analysis. Strain compatibility analysis was used to estimate the ultimate rupture strain, in the heavily corroded bottommost layer prestressing strands exposed before the box beam was tested. More research is required to associate each level of strand corrosion with an average ultimate strain at which the corroded strands rupture. This framework was found to give satisfactory estimates of the residual strength. Reduction in resources involved in current visual inspection practices and eliminating the need for physical access, make this approach worthwhile to be explored further to improve the output of each step in the proposed framework. / Master of Science / Corrosion damage is a major concern for bridges as it reduces their load carrying capacity. Bridge failures in the past have been attributed to corrosion damage. The risk associated with corrosion damage caused failures increases as the infrastructure ages. Many bridges across the world built forty to fifty years ago are now in a deteriorated condition and need to be repaired and retrofitted. Visual inspections to identify damage or deterioration on a bridge are very important to assess the condition of the bridge and determine the need for repairing or for posting weight restrictions for the vehicles that use the bridge. These inspections require close physical access to the hard-to-reach areas of the bridge for physically measuring the damage which involves many resources in the form of experienced engineers, skilled labor, equipment, time, and money. The safety of the personnel involved in the inspections is also a major concern. Nowadays, a lot of research is being done in using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) like drones for bridge inspections and in using artificial intelligence for the detection of cracks on the images of concrete and steel members. Girders or beams in a bridge are the primary longitudinal load carrying members. Concrete inherently is weak in tension. To address this problem, High Strength steel reinforcement (called prestressing steel or prestressing strands) in prestressed concrete beams is pre-loaded with a tensile force before the application of any loads so that the regions which will experience tension under the service loads would be subjected to a pre-compression to improve the performance of the beam and delay cracking. Spalls are a type of corrosion damage on concrete members where portions of concrete fall off (section loss) due to corrosion in the steel reinforcement, exposing the reinforcement to the environment which leads to accelerated corrosion causing a loss of cross-sectional area and ultimately, a rupture in the steel. If the process of detecting the damage (cracks, spalls, exposed or severed reinforcement, etc.) is automated, the next logical step that would add great value would be, to quantify the effect of the damage detected on the load carrying capacity of the bridges. Using a quantified estimate of the remaining capacity of a bridge, determined after accounting for the corrosion damage, informed decisions can be made about the measures to be taken. This research proposes a stepwise framework to forge a link between a semi-automated visual inspection and residual capacity evaluation of actual prestressed concrete bridge girders obtained from two bridges that have been removed from service in Virginia due to extensive deterioration. 3D point clouds represent an object as a set of points on its surface in three dimensional space. These point clouds can be constructed either using laser scanning or using Photogrammetry from images of the girders captured with a digital camera. In this research, 3D point clouds are reconstructed from sequences of overlapping images of the girders using an approach called Structure from Motion (SfM) which locates matched pixels present between consecutive images in the 3D space. Crack-like features were automatically detected and highlighted on the images of the girders that were used to build the 3D point clouds using artificial intelligence (Neural Network). The images with cracks highlighted were applied as texture to the surface mesh on the point cloud to transfer the detail, color, and realism present in the images to the 3D model. Spalls were detected on 3D point clouds based on the orientation of the normals associated with the points with respect to the reference directions. Point clouds and textured meshes of the girders were scaled to real-world dimensions facilitating the measurement of any required dimension on the point clouds, eliminating the need for physical contact in condition assessment. Any cracks or spalls that went unidentified in the damage detection were visible on the textured meshes of the girders improving the performance of the approach. 3D textured mesh models of the girders overlaid with the detected cracks and spalls were used as 3D damage maps in residual strength estimation. Cross-sectional slices were extracted from the dense point clouds at various sections along the length of each girder. The slices were overlaid on the cross-section drawings of the girders, and the prestressing strands affected due to the corrosion damage were identified. They were reduced in cross-sectional area to account for the corrosion damage as per the recommendations of Naito, Jones, and Hodgson (2011) and were used in the calculation of the ultimate moment capacity of the girders using an approach called strain compatibility analysis. Estimated residual capacities were compared to the actual capacities of the girders found from destructive tests conducted by Al Rufaydah (2020). Comparisons are presented for the failure sections in these tests and the results were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of this framework. More research is to be done to determine the factors causing rupture in prestressing strands with different degrees of corrosion. This framework was found to give satisfactory estimates of the residual strength. Reduction in resources involved in current visual inspection practices and eliminating the need for physical access, make this approach worthwhile to be explored further to improve the output of each step in the proposed framework.

Plattrambron är Sveriges vanligaste typ av bro och utgör nästan hälften av Sveriges brobestånd. I den här studien har det utförts en jämförelse mellan två produktionssätt för plattrambroar utifrån ett livscykelperspektiv. Studien bygger på att jämföra olika produktionsmetoder utifrån kostnad- och miljösynpunkt där förslag till förbättringar redogörs för att förenkla valet av produktionsmetod. Fokus mot hållbar infrastruktur ökar och att ur ett livscykelperspektiv jämföra olika produktionssätt kan leda till minskad miljöpåverkan och vinster ur ett kostnadsperspektiv. Denna fallstudie visar att prefabricerat produktionssätt kan ge stora besparingar med hänsyn till klimat och ekonomi. Fallstudien omfattas av kvalitativa interjuver med aktörer i branschen och beräkningar har utförts enligt livscykelkostnad- och livscykelanalysers normer. Möjlighet till ytterligare materialbesparingar finns för båda produktionssätten om ändring av kraven för brobyggande sker, då krav på utformning hämmar möjligheten till nya och bättre lösningar. Studiens resultat visar att det genom rätt val av produktionsmetod är möjligt att sänka emission av koldioxid, minska energiåtgång och sänka kostnader för infrastrukturen. Ytterligare vinster kan erhållas om ändringar av kraven utförs. / Flat frame bridges are the most common type of bridge in Sweden and constitutes almost half of all bridges in Sweden. In this study, a comparison between two production methods of flat frame bridges from a lifecycle perspective has been conducted. The study is built on comparing production methods from cost and environmental viewpoints where suggestions for improvements are presented to facilitate the choice of production method. Focus on environmentally sustainable constructions is increasing and by comparing different production methods from a lifecycle perspective it is possible to decrease environmental impact and increase cost-efficiency. The results of this case-study show that prefabricated production method offers greater savings regarding environment as well as economy. The possibility of further material savings exists for both production methods, prefabricated and site-cast, if changes of the regulations regarding bridge construction are made, as current regulations on design inhibits possibilities of new and better solutions. The result of the study shows that by choosing the right production method it is possible to decrease emissions of carbon dioxide, reduce energy consumption and costs for the infrastructure. Further gains can be made if regulations are changed.

The subject of this thesis is the design and analysis of five-span bridge construction across the railway on the route Zábřeh - Šumperk and the Morava river. There will be made separated bridge for each direction, only right bridge is considered in the thesis. Object is located to 1st class road I/44 on the route between Mohelnice and Jeseník. Three variants were designed - two prestressed chamber girders, one prestressed chamber girder with prefabricated consoles and construction of concrete slab mixed with two steel girders. After these variants were weigh up and the first one, with the length of cantilevered construction 235,6 m and maximum lenght of span 60 m, was chosen for analysis. Calculation of load effects was made by software Scia Engineering 2013 and the analysis was made according to current standards by manual calculation depending on limit states and their influence on the design as well. Drawing documentation and visualization are also part of the thesis.

The subject of this master thesis is the design and analysis of bridge construction on the crossing of relocated road III/11812 over the future extension of the motorway D4. The geometrical road design of the sugested relocation is predetermined. 4 variant solutions are designed, one of which is selected for subsequent detailed solution. The selected variant is designed as a slab-girder continuous 3-span beam bridge with span lenghts 20.00, 34.50, 20.00m. The load-carrying structure is connected to pillars by notched joint and to abutment by pot bearing. Calculation of load effects was made with software Scia Engineer 18.0 and the analysis was done in cmpliance with current service and ultimate limit states standards.

The aim of the Diploma Thesis is elaboration of study of bridge crossing over the Svitava river and ČD railway track in Blansko. It concerns a five-pole steel beam road bridge with through-span which carries road of the third category. The static system of the construction is solved as solid-web beam of 1.3 meters height which is in three middle spans reinforced by truss construction with top chord and system of diagonals without verticals. The height of the main beam where reinforced by trusswork is 4.75 meters. The width of spans in the road axis is 18.5 + 30.525 + 44.4 + 30.525 + 18,5 metres. The bridge deck consists of steel cross beams bonded with reinforced concrete slab of 200 millimeters of thickness. The drive-through width of the roadway is 7.0 meters. The bridge is fitted with right-sided walkway placed on steel cantilevers. The walk-through width of the walkway is 3.0 meters. Material used is S355 Steel, C30/37 Concrete and S460 Steel which is used for marginal spans of the bridge. Load-bearing construction is assessed in compliance with current technical requirements laid down by European Directives, so called “Eurocodes”. The calculation of inner powers is performed using the Scia Engineer 2013.1 software.