Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T17:57:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fuad Zarzar_dissert.pdf: 2776007 bytes, checksum: aabaf5bf493a96131a98e3b91918ee12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-16 / This Work, based on parts of the ISO 15686, presents and discuss about a deterministic method, Factor Method (FM), that permits to predict material service life and their components and planning their maintenance and replacement necessary periodicity. The precision of the estimates of this method was analyzed in this Work, and an alternative equation to evaluate service life was developed, using multiple linear regression (MLR), derived from FM pertaining to ISO 15686-1 and especially the Factor Method. The MLR is broadly used to evaluate products that interact with independents variables. Finally, this alternative equation was used to compare its estimate random results with the FM random ones. After evaluating the examples on chapter 4, the Author noticed that the Factor Method is very important to estimate service life of materials and components and the alternative equation too. Two case studies were done in this Work, in the first case the total service life of three collapsed structures were estimated. First a concrete structure similar to a building that was located in the Metropolitan Area of Recife (Brazil) and then the total service life of an balcony from a building located at the city of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) using both the Factor Method and the alternative equation, and finally the total service life of the basement and superstructure of specific buildings called box from the Metropolitan Region of Recife using the Delphi Method together with the Factor Method was realized too. In the second case, the service life estimation of a softwood window was done using the FM and the alternative equation, other estimations of service life were done the same way by using the alternative equation and the FM. Despite the equations presented in this Work have been developed specifically to estimate service life of materials and components, the estimates showed that the precision of the total service life of the first case approximated to the real case studies, proving the potentiality of the methods / Este Trabalho, baseado nas determinações da norma ISO 15686, apresenta e discute um método determinístico, o Método dos Fatores (MF), que permite estimar a vida útil de materiais e componentes e planejar a periodicidade necessária de manutenção e substituição dos referidos materiais e componentes. A precisão das estimativas desse método foi analisada, neste Trabalho. Uma Equação Alternativa para estimar a vida útil, também, foi desenvolvida, usando regressão linear múltipla (RLM), derivada do MF pertencente a ISO 15686-1. A RLM é, largamente, usada para avaliar ou estimar produtos que interajam com variáveis independentes. Finalmente, a supra mencionada Equação Alternativa foi utilizada para comparar os resultados aleatórios de suas estimativas com os resultados aleatórios das estimativas do MF. Analisando os exemplos do Capítulo 4, constatou-se que o Método dos Fatores é muito importante para estimar a vida útil de materiais e componentes, e a Equação Alternativa, também. Foram efetuados dois estudos de casos diferentes. No primeiro caso as vidas úteis totais de três estruturas de concreto que colapsaram foram estimadas. Primeiro a vida útil total de um edifício similar ao que colapsou na Região Metropolitana do Recife (PE), depois a vida útil total da varanda de um prédio, construído na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro (RJ) usando o MF e a Equação Alternativa. Finalmente, foi feita, também a estimativa da vida útil total do embasamento e superestrutura de prédios do tipo caixão (exemplo nº4), que colapsaram na Região Metropolitana do Recife, usando o Método Delphi em conjunto com o Método dos Fatores. No segundo caso, foram feitas as estimativas das vidas úteis de uma janela de madeira mole, usando ambos o MF e a Equação Alternativa. As demais estimativas de vida útil das outras estruturas de concreto foram conseguidas da mesma forma. As estimativas de vida útil total do primeiro caso se aproximaram dos casos reais estudados, apesar de as equações apresentadas neste Trabalho terem sido desenvolvidas, exclusivamente, para estimar a vida útil de materiais e componentes, provando, assim, a potencialidade das estimativas.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T17:57:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pre-textual.pdf: 28868 bytes, checksum: 1349eefd05bbc7c21b1dd3b9e4b92ecb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-20 / This work aims to evaluate the pathology of residential buildings structures located at the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Brazil using the quantification of damages to measure the degree of early deterioration of reinforced concrete. Three residential buildings (RB) with similar construction standards were studied. All buildings have approximate age and are inserted into environmental aggressiveness distinct. A visual inspection took place as well as a laboratorial sample analysis of their pillars, beams and underground water reservatories. It was verified that the RB1 case, located at a high environmental aggressiveness class (III), and the RB2 case, located significatively far from the sea and classified with a moderate environmental aggressiveness class (II), both presented a medium degree of deterioration (GDE). For both buildings it is suggested a periodic inspection recommendation and a medium term intervention (GD 1 = 36,98 ; GD 2 = 31,23). The third case (RB3), located at a high environmental aggressiveness class (III) and seafront with protection barriers, presented a high degree of deterioration (GD 3=103,94). It is suggested for RB3 an immediate intervention with collapse risks / Procurando conhecer o grau de deterioração precoce das estruturas de concreto armado dos edifícios residenciais da Região Metropolitana da Cidade do Recife, Estado de Pernambuco, este trabalho visa, utilizando um método de quantificação dos danos e o uso de ensaios, avaliar as patologias das estruturas estudadas. Estudou-se três edifícios residenciais (ER), com semelhante padrão de construção, idades construtivas aproximadas e inseridos em diferentes classes de agressividade ambiental. Foi realizada inspeção visual e ensaios em amostras dos pilares, vigas, lajes e reservatório inferior do subsolo dos três edifícios. Após análise dos três edifícios, verificou-se que o caso ER 1, localizado em classe ambiental de agressividade forte (III), a mais agredida pelo meio ambiente, e o estudo de caso ER 2, localizado a uma distância significativa da orla marinha em Classe de Agressividade Ambiental II, apresentaram grau de deterioração media (GD) de 36,98 e 31,23 respectivamente, com recomendação para inspeção periódica e intervenção a médio prazo. Já o estudo de caso ER 3, que está localizado dentro da uma classe de agressividade forte (III), em orla marinha, porém com barreiras de proteção que evitam a incidência direta da névoa salina, encontra-se com alto grau de deterioração (GD = 103,94), sugerindo uma intervenção imediata com riscos de colapso

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T17:57:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pre-textual.pdf: 116369 bytes, checksum: 5b5524dbf0f0e113a677f87352842f60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-30 / In March of 2004 the new version of the Brazilian Code for design of concrete structures, the NBR 6118(2003), has replaced its predecessor the NBR 6118(1978). Amongst the new presented concepts, the greatest impact is related to the question of the durability of the concrete structures. The present work evaluates the influence of the new normative criteria, with emphasis to the analysis of costs, in the structural design of three buildings of reinforced concrete of varied heights. The influence in the costs of the structures is analyzed, when designed in the different exposure classes related environmental conditions II and III, of the value adopted for the compressive resistance fck, of the use of models I and II for the calculation of the reinforcement of shear of beams, of the influence of the design of them columns with the new criteria of the minimum moment of first local order and geometric imperfections. Finally, it has been compared the global costs of the structures of the three buildings when designed according to criteria of NBR-6118(1978) and NBR- 6118(2003). The results had mainly shown that, despite the increase in concrete volume in accordance with the NBR 6118 (2003), the amount of steel was reduced, in them columns, in relation the NBR 6118(1978). The difference in final costs of the structures was favorable to the NBR 6118(1978), but it can be considered relatively low, in comparison with the increasing quality and durability proportioned by the adoption the NBR 6118(2003) / Em Março de 2004 entrou em vigor a nova versão da norma brasileira para projeto de estruturas de concreto, a NBR 6118(2003), substituindo sua antecessora que estava em vigor desde 1978. Dentre os novos conceitos apresentados, os de maior impacto no meio técnico estão relacionados à questão da durabilidade das estruturas de concreto. Assim o presente trabalho pretende avaliar a magnitude destas alterações, com ênfase à análise de custos, que ocorrem devido à aplicação dos novos conceitos normativos no Projeto estrutural de três edifícios de concreto armado de alturas variadas. Desta forma, será avaliado o impacto econômico sobre o Projeto dos edifícios, para valores de cobrimentos de concreto relativos as classes de agressividade ambiental CAA=II e CAA=III, a influência nos custos das estruturas, do valor da resistência à compressão do concreto fck, as vantagens da utilização dos modelos I e II para o cálculo das armaduras de cisalhamento de vigas. Também serão abordados o Projeto dos pilares com os novos critérios do momento mínimo de 1ª ordem e imperfeições geométricas locais, a ordem de grandeza dos esforços devidos ao desaprumo frente aos esforços devidos ao vento, e finalmente o impacto no custo global das estruturas dos edifícios, quando dimensionados segundo os critérios presentes na NBR-6118(1978) e NBR-6118(2003). Os resultados mostraram que, apesar do maior volume de concreto nos projetos de acordo com a NBR 6118(2003), a quantidade de aço foi reduzida, principalmente nos pilares,em relação a NBR 6118(1978). A diferença entre os custos finais das estruturas foi a favor da NBR 6118(2003)

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T17:57:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ana_cecilia_ferreira_leite.pdf: 2039908 bytes, checksum: 6d86ed0d28b48ab3130af3cf03bae779 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The building industry has experienced in recent years a strong growth in demand in general and in the case of reinforced concrete buildings this increase has been more marked. This fact has also contributed to accelerate all stages of the production process of these constructions with more pronounced effects on the methodologies used in the constructive steps that influence directly the structural design of the building. Structures loaded at ever earlier ages, in which the strength and deformation properties of materials are not yet sufficiently mature, it is a variable that needs to be taken into account already in the design phase so that the concrete structure behaves within acceptable level of reliability taking into account design code recommendations for service life. To understand the importance of constructive effects and to assess its magnitude in the execution of reinforced concrete buildings, this paper present result from nonlinear analyses using Finite Element Method adopting an approach commonly referred as staged construction applied to a typical building found in the practice. The effects of creep and shrinkage were considered and the results obtained demonstrate that the strains due to constructive effects can, in certain cases, assume representative values which, if ignored, can lead to important pathologies in the building. / Nos últimos anos, a indústria da construção civil experimentou um forte crescimento na demanda por edifícios de múltiplos pavimentos de concreto armado. Este comportamento do mercado impulsionou construtores a acelerar todas as etapas do processo de construção, a fim de entregar a edificação em um tempo cada vez mais curto. Como decorrência deste fato, as estruturas são carregadas mais precocemente, ocasião em que as suas propriedades de resistência e deformação ainda não se encontram suficientemente maduras para suportar o carregamento construtivo que a solicita. Com a finalidade de compreender quais consequências são provocadas por esse carregamento prematuro da estrutura e analisar a importância dos efeitos construtivos no projeto de edificações de concreto armado, o trabalho traz o resultado de análises não-lineares realizadas com o Método dos Elementos Finitos adotando uma abordagem usualmente referida como staged construction construção em estágios aplicada a uma edificação real, situada na Cidade do Recife, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Nestas análises foram levados em consideração os efeitos da retração, fluência e envelhecimento do concreto. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que os deslocamentos verticais nos pilares, decorrentes dos efeitos construtivos, são fortemente alterados quando comparados com os deslocamentos verticais resultantes da análise sem a consideração dos estágios de construção. A não consideração desses efeitos construtivos podem, em alguns casos, conduzir a manifestações patológicas importantes na edificação.

My master's thesis aims to design a bridge construction spanning road III/443 over road I/44. Three versions were created one of which has been developed further. It is a three span bridge with a total spread of 77.5 meters. Proposal and evaluation of bridge construction is done unassisted. Static analysis is done using Scia Engineer program. Construcion evaluation is done by valid EU norms ČSN EN 1992-1-1. Mechanical drawing, building procedure and visualisation is also included.

The theme of the dissertation is structural survey of designed sewage clarification plant. The work deal about designed of reinforcement of the sewage clarification plant. The diameter of the reservoir is 17,8 m and the depth is 6,2 m.

The main idea in dealing with my thesis was to design a high quality public space where people will feel comfortable, safely and have a reason to come back. Furthermore, this is the place to be full of life and will serve the general public. The cultural center, that was designed, to become part of Královo Pole cultural campus, so-called K2-center, which will create a basis for free time activities, relaxation and education. A significant part of the proposed building is made up of multi-functional hall, library, restaurant, teen center and spaces for leisure time activities. On the ground floor will be located business parter and coffee bar. The aim of my project was to take into account what is most needed for inhabitants of Královo Pole for the purpose to meet the demands for quality leisure time for the widest spectrum of people. There is an effort to place the object itself as the most sensitive, given the current surrounding areas. The aim was not to design a huge object but especially a pleasant environment functioning as a center of leisure time activities.

The final thesis is focused on design a bridge construction. across the valley near Dobruška. The existing bridge is convenient and it will be replaced by a new bridge construction. The bridge is situated on motorway I/14 and it is used to transfer across the valley and Brtevsky brook.The bridge construction is designed in three alternatives. The chosen variant is a post-tensioned two-beam concrete construction with a lenght of 88,5 metres and a width of 14,0 metres. The calculation of load is solved in Scia Engineer 2014. The construction is designed in accordance with valid standards and it is made a drawing documentation.

Purpose of this master’s thesis is to compile structurally – technological aspects of the project of new housing building in Brno. Thesis concentrates on technological phase of upper rough construction, which involves prescriptions for masonry of walls and constructions from reinforced concrete. Thesis is also includes suggestions of constellation of machines, time plan, supplying of construction site, rules of workplace safety, quality requirements, solutions for organization of construction and maintenance of the building. Conclusion of this master’s thesis is comparison of different systematical variations of constructing peripheral wall based on many structurally – technological factors.

Vi har valt att undersöka vilka möjligheter och eventuella risker det finns att bygga högt i Stockholm. Undersökningen utgick på att jämföra olika byggtekniska lösningar för stomsystem. Hur tar stomsystemen hand om vertikala och horisontella laster? Vilket stomsystemen är lämpligast vid en viss höjd? Dessa är några av de frågor som besvaras i arbetet. De vertikala och horisontella lasterna är de faktorer som främst försvårar höghusbyggandet. Med en större belastning av laster ju högre det byggs måste stomsystemen dimensioneras med allt större noggrannhet för att lasterna ska nedföras till grundläggningen på ett säkert sätt. Stomsystemen måste även dimensioneras för de svajningar och stabilitetsproblem som uppstår av de transversella lasterna. Genom inläsning av litteratur och intervjuer angående ämnet så har vi kommit fram till att den största orsaken att det finns så få höghus i Sverige beror på den politiska inställningen i landet och efter Turning Torsos kostnad dubblerades så har många dragit sig undan höghusprojekt. Byggtekniskt har vi i Sverige erfarenheter att bygga upp till 100-150m. / We have in this thesis decided to examine the possibilities and the possible hazards of high-rise buildings in Stockholm. We compared the different structural systems to determine how the systems handle the vertical and transversal loads and which system is to recommend to a certain height. The vertical and transversal loads are the main factors that make high-rise buildings harder to dimension than normal buildings. The higher the building is the more vertical and transversal loads that needs to be accounted in the dimensioning of the structural systems. This needs to be done accurately to secure the safety of the building. The sway and stability problems that occurs from the transversal loads need to be taking into account when designing the structural system. By reading literature and conducting interviews about the subject we can come to the conclusion that the reason why Sweden is behind with recent high-rise development is because of political reasons rather than lack of knowledge. We in Sweden have the experience to successfully build high-rise buildings up to 100-150m.