This thesis examines the widespread moisture problems which emerged over the past twenty years in buildings throughout coastal British Columbia, commonly known as ‘leaky condos’. A literature review of building physics and a historical review of wood-frame construction in North America provide background for this review. The purpose of this work is to report and interpret the performance of rainscreen walls in the coastal climate of Vancouver BC, based on extensive field data from five local buildings constructed or rehabilitated with rainscreen wall assemblies. Hygrothermal data was collected within exterior walls, and corresponding environmental data was recorded for each building. Driving rain loads at the five buildings across the city are calculated and compared to Vancouver airport data. Site factors are shown to have a significant impact on driving rain load, wind speed and direction. The WUFI 4.1 hygrothermal model was compared with the field data collected and found to be accurate at predicting past performance. Applying this validated model to each wall assembly, further simulations were performed to determine the impact of boundary conditions and assembly details on wall performance. Field measurements and modeling show that ventilated and drained claddings (i.e. rainscreen) reduce the sensitivity of wood frame buildings to moisture damage. Ventilation of the cladding is shown to be particularly important and natural buoyancy forces (from temperature and humidity differences between cavity and exterior) are usually sufficient to provide good drying. Exterior insulation is shown to further improve rainscreen wall performance by increasing the drying potential of the sheathing to both the exterior and interior. Additional work performed included material testing of fiberglass-faced gypsum sheathing and air-leakage testing of individual suites in the monitored buildings. Elevated interior humidity, resulting from inadequate ventilation, is shown to be exacerbated by inter-zonal air-flow in multi-unit residential buildings.

This thesis examines the widespread moisture problems which emerged over the past twenty years in buildings throughout coastal British Columbia, commonly known as ‘leaky condos’. A literature review of building physics and a historical review of wood-frame construction in North America provide background for this review. The purpose of this work is to report and interpret the performance of rainscreen walls in the coastal climate of Vancouver BC, based on extensive field data from five local buildings constructed or rehabilitated with rainscreen wall assemblies. Hygrothermal data was collected within exterior walls, and corresponding environmental data was recorded for each building. Driving rain loads at the five buildings across the city are calculated and compared to Vancouver airport data. Site factors are shown to have a significant impact on driving rain load, wind speed and direction. The WUFI 4.1 hygrothermal model was compared with the field data collected and found to be accurate at predicting past performance. Applying this validated model to each wall assembly, further simulations were performed to determine the impact of boundary conditions and assembly details on wall performance. Field measurements and modeling show that ventilated and drained claddings (i.e. rainscreen) reduce the sensitivity of wood frame buildings to moisture damage. Ventilation of the cladding is shown to be particularly important and natural buoyancy forces (from temperature and humidity differences between cavity and exterior) are usually sufficient to provide good drying. Exterior insulation is shown to further improve rainscreen wall performance by increasing the drying potential of the sheathing to both the exterior and interior. Additional work performed included material testing of fiberglass-faced gypsum sheathing and air-leakage testing of individual suites in the monitored buildings. Elevated interior humidity, resulting from inadequate ventilation, is shown to be exacerbated by inter-zonal air-flow in multi-unit residential buildings.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5449.pdf: 2966567 bytes, checksum: 5e2488fa652252764e56e27e7ba6c278 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-16 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The meeting of man need s, in the urban environment, create different types of projects, which significantly change city s life. According to the number of dislocations generated, luxury condos are characterized as Trip Generation Polo. Thus, to approve and begin the construction, become necessary preliminary studies, based on the forecast trip production and attraction to determine and minimize their impact on the region where they are installed. There are few studies in Brazil, so, this research intends to build a model about luxury condos trip generation. The case of study was based on the reality of the city of Bauru, São Paulo. The proposed procedure was applied in seven condos with similar characteristics, in which the data were collected from 6:30am to 20pm. This research generated 14 satisfactory models, depending on how trips were made (Cars, on foot and all modes), on the collection period (7h to 9h, 16h to 18h and 6h30 to 20h) and the explanatory variable of the phenomenon (Occupied units and total area of the project). The occupied units were the explanatory variable with better representation of the phenomenon (resulted in lower standard deviations and highest coefficients of determination R²). These results could be basis for future of urban planners, especially in decision-making regarding the approval of new projects. The study is based on quantitative technical procedures of bibliographic research and data collection. / O atendimento das necessidades do homem, no ambiente urbano, faz nascerem tipos diferenciados de empreendimentos, os quais alteram significativamente a vida da cidade. Em função dos inúmeros deslocamentos gerados, os condomínios residenciais horizontais se caracterizam como Polo Gerador de Viagem PGV. Para sua aprovação e construção, tornam-se necessários estudos preliminares, os quais devem ter por base a previsão do número de viagens produzidas e atraídas por tais empreendimentos, para determinar e minimizar os impactos causados na região onde serão instalados. Esses são ainda pouco estudados no Brasil; em vista disso, esta pesquisa pretende construir modelos sobre sua geração de viagens. O estudo de caso foi realizado no município de Bauru, interior de São Paulo. O procedimento proposto foi aplicado em sete condomínios com características semelhantes, nos quais foram coletados os dados das viagens das 6h30 às 20h. Como resultado da pesquisa geraram-se 14 modelos satisfatórios, em função do modo pelo qual as viagens se realizaram (automóvel, a pé e todos os modos), do período de coleta (7h às 9h, 16h às 18h e 6h30 às 20h) e da variável explicativa do fenômeno (Unidades ocupadas e área total do empreendimento). As unidades ocupadas de cada empreendimento foram as variáveis explicativas com melhor representação do fenômeno (resultaram nos menores desvios padrão e nos maiores coeficientes de determinação R²). O trabalho resultante poderá servir de base, futuramente, para os planejadores urbanos, principalmente na tomada de decisão quanto à aprovação de novos empreendimentos. O estudo tem caráter quantitativo, com base em procedimentos técnicos de pesquisa bibliográfica e coleta de dados.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThyanaFGB_TESE.pdf: 3900803 bytes, checksum: ad536ccaa7f417bf348f03655020dc00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-20 / The intensification of the fear in the city and in the spaces controlled by this feeling has contributed to a growing socio-spatial inequality, and the rapid growth of market protection. The residential condos emerge as a possible solution to the problem. This is a housing typology expanding worldwide which is seen, especially by the urban middle class, as enablers of quality of life and safety. In Brazil, especially in large cities, the quest for quality of life is directly connected with the desire for security translated through space control (use of high walls, gates, entrance hall, security cameras) and people who use it. This thesis aims at investigating how the different categories of inhabitants of an area predominantly occupied by vertical residential condos realize the socio-spatial dimension and the socio-urban space determined by this type of development. It especially takes into consideration the issue of urban insecurity, based on the assumption that, although published and sold by marketing as safe places , synonym of welfare and supporters of community life , the living in these condos, may even inhibits, social relationships, contributing to socio-spatial isolation and consequent social weakness. This is a survey that seeks to meet the assumptions of Environmental Psychology towards the comprehension of person-environment studies, emphasizing the use of different methods (desk research, observations of and group interviews, focus group technique using photographic resources), as well as the focus on current problems of the urban scene and the knowledge gained in Social Psychology / A intensifica??o do medo da cidade e dos espa?os geridos a partir deste sentimento vem contribuindo para uma desigualdade socioespacial cada vez maior, al?m do r?pido crescimento do mercado de prote??o. Os condom?nios residenciais surgem como uma poss?vel solu??o ao problema. Trata-se de uma tipologia habitacional em expans?o em todo mundo e s?o vistos, especialmente pela classe m?dia urbana, como espa?os propiciadores de qualidade de vida e seguran?a. No Brasil, especialmente nas grandes cidades, a busca por qualidade de vida apresenta conex?o direta com o desejo por seguran?a traduzido atrav?s do controle do espa?o (uso de muros altos, port?es, portaria, c?meras de vigil?ncia) e das pessoas que o utilizam. Investigar como as diversas categorias de moradores de uma ?rea predominantemente ocupada por condom?nios residenciais verticais percebem a dimens?o socioespacial e o espa?o urbano determinados por esse tipo de empreendimento, principalmente no tocante a quest?o da (in)seguran?a urbana ? o objetivo dessa tese que fundamenta-se na hip?tese de que, embora divulgados e vendidos pelo marketing como lugares seguros , sin?nimos de bem-estar e incentivadores da vida em comunidade , a moradia nestes condom?nios n?o promove, e at? inibe, as rela??es sociais, contribuindo para o isolamento socioespacial e consequente enfraquecimento social. Trata-se de uma pesquisa que procura atender ?s premissas da psicologia ambiental voltada para a compreens?o dos estudos pessoa-ambiente, valorizando o uso de diferentes m?todos (pesquisa documental, observa??es e entrevistas em grupo - t?cnica de grupo focal com utiliza??o de recursos fotogr?ficos), o foco em problemas atuais da cena urbana e o conhecimento obtido em psicologia social

Submitted by Ana Carla Almeida (ana.almeida@ucsal.br) on 2016-10-06T18:03:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOMarluzePereira.pdf: 2042501 bytes, checksum: 146161fc980bdc7867296d7aa900b6b3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Emília Carvalho Ribeiro (maria.ribeiro@ucsal.br) on 2016-11-25T21:47:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOMarluzePereira.pdf: 2042501 bytes, checksum: 146161fc980bdc7867296d7aa900b6b3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-25T21:47:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOMarluzePereira.pdf: 2042501 bytes, checksum: 146161fc980bdc7867296d7aa900b6b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 / A partir da novidade urbanística, em Salvador-BA, dos condomínios residenciais fechados de alto padrão - os quais trazem para dentro de seus muros serviços antes só disponíveis através de uma circulação na cidade -, este estudo investiga as narrativas de pais moradores nestes locais acerca do significado da cidade. O advento destes condomínios implica, ao mesmo tempo, em uma novidade no modo de vida das famílias. Ancorados em uma reflexão sobre os cuidados com seus filhos, a relação família e cidade surge nas narrativas dos pais revelando o impacto citadino e a importância da cidade para a vida das famílias. Conduzido a partir da fundamentação teórica da Psicologia Cultural, este estudo investigou os significados de cidade a partir das temporalidades trazida nas narrativas, analisando a dinâmica deste signo enquanto mediador e regulador semiótico. Buscando responder aos princípios da ciência idiográfica, foi realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos de cunho narrativo. Partindo da categoria ‘psicologia popular’ foi proposto o Modelo Dinâmico das Três Dimensões básicas do signo cidade - a dimensão territorial, a social e a política -, a fim de analisar e compreender o significado daquilo que narravam enquanto cidade, ao se referirem à experiência de cidade. Como resultado da aplicação do modelo às significações de cidades narradas, chegou-se à identificação de diferentes dinâmicas entre as dimensões territorial, social e política, a partir da temporalidade a que o signo era referido. Além das temporalidades de passado, presente e futuro foi também construída, nas narrativas, uma cidade atemporal, reveladora da força promotora do signo em estudo. A dinâmica do signo cidade revelou na temporalidade de futuro a predominância da dimensão política, da qual a significação de cidade se mostrou como um produto. Significadas em narrativas únicas, foi evidenciado um mecanismo de cristalização de significação através da retroalimentação semiótica entre a dimensão política e a dimensão social. Esta “armadilha semiótica” revelou contribuir para um cenário pessimista quanto ao futuro da cidade, consequência de um esvaziamento das alternativas de ação de cunho coletivo pelo indivíduo. Foram destacados, nas narrativas, os processos semióticos de canonicidade na cultura pessoal e sua relação com a cultura coletiva. Demonstrando a dinâmica do modelo da bilateralidade na transferência da cultura, a novidade semiótica foi trazida com exemplos que evidenciaram a construção de significados de cidade a partir do seu desenvolver no tempo da entrevista, com a entrada de novos elementos semióticos nas reflexões. Este resultado evidenciou a possibilidade da geração do novo e sua potencialidade em flexibilizar as narrativas únicas. / The residential gated upscale condos - which bring within its walls services previously available only through city circulation – represents, in Salvador Bahia, an urban novelty and, at the same time, a new families’ way of life. This study investigates narratives of parents, residents in these places, about the significance of the city. Anchored in a reflection on children caring, the relationship between family and city emerges in the parents´ narratives revealing the impact and importance of the city to families’ lives. This study investigated the meanings of city from temporalities brought in narratives, analyzing the dynamics of this sign as a mediator and semiotic regulator, according to the theoretical perspective of the Cultural Psychology. Seeking to meet the principles of idiographic science a multiple case study was performed, based on narrative interviews. From the category 'folk psychology' a Dynamic Model of Three Basic Dimensions of the sign city - the territorial dimension, the social and political - was proposed in order to analyze and understand the meaning of what they narrated as a city, while referring to the experience of city. As a result of the model, applying to narratives about the meanings of cities, we found out the identification of different dynamics between the territorial, social and political dimensions, according to which temporality the sign was related to. Besides the past, present and future temporalities there was also constructed through narratives, a timeless city, revealing the strength of the sign under study as a promoter sign. In the future’s temporality the dynamic of the sign city revealed the political dimension dominance, leading to the significance of the city as a product of this dimension. There was an evidenced of a meaning crystallization mechanism through semiotic feedback between the political dimension and the social dimension. This “semiotic trap" seemed to contributed to a pessimistic view about city´s future, due to a fading of collective actions alternatives to individual. The narratives underscore the semiotic processes of canonicity in personal culture and its relationship with the collective culture. Demonstrating the dynamics of bilateralism transfer of culture model, the semiotics novelty was brought through narrative examples, demonstrating the meaning construction of the city sign while interview was taking place. The entry of new semiotic elements in the reflections, demonstrated the possibility of the new semiotic generation and its potential to ease the unique narratives.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-12T12:57:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeFA_DISSERT.pdf: 1252886 bytes, checksum: 3c42a0d76642fecb5febafb4aff5adce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This dissertation is about new real estate development in the southward expansion area in Natal, Brazil, by use of high-rise condos, so-called club-condominiums. The area includes part of the neighboring municipality, Parnamirim, and focuses on the role played by urban developers in the housing market. The main feature in these condos are common areas filled with leisure equipments, allegedly to grant quality of life, comfort and tranquility to residents. The rapid development of the area takes advantage of large plots of land available as well as of urban infrastructure. Overall preference of middle-class sectors for the South area of Natal (and adjoining part of Parnamirim) is also a factor worth of note. For this reason, this part of the city constitutes one of the preferred areas of urban developers. This dissertation includes a discussion of Henri Lefebvre s production of space, emphasizing its tridimensional features. It draws on David Harvey s works to deal with transformations of the built environment regarding the dynamics of real estate markets; in particular, it considers the idea of creative destruction. Finally, the dissertation discusses the concepts developed by Pedro Abramo regarding the forms of operation by urban entrepreneurs, in particular the concepts of urban convention and spatial innovation. For the empirical work, a number of interviews with key entrepreneurs and civil servants were undertaken. In more general terms, it is worth observing that there is a direct relationship between the location of such developments and the process of spatial fragmentation, seen both as a consequence and a strategy of the way urban developers operate / Este trabalho discute a chegada de empreendimentos verticais do tipo condom?nioclube, na ?rea de expans?o urbana da Zona Sul de Natal em dire??o ao munic?pio de Parnamirim, com base na l?gica de atua??o dos empres?rios urbanos no submercado residencial. A principal caracter?stica de tais empreendimentos ? a grande diversidade de itens de lazer existentes nas ?reas comuns, com o intuito de representar qualidade de vida, conforto e tranquilidade. Aproveitando-se de grandes glebas de terra, da infraestrutura urbana constru?da, assim como da prefer?ncia que a Zona Sul de Natal desperta no imagin?rio da classe m?dia, essa parte da cidade constitui-se atualmente em um dos alvos preferidos dos empres?rios urbanos. O referencial te?rico deste trabalho inicia-se na discuss?o de Henri Lefebvre sobre a produ??o do espa?o social, com ?nfase na tridimensionalidade do espa?o. Em seguida, utiliza-se de David Harvey para abordar as transforma??es do espa?o constru?do e a din?mica do mercado imobili?rio, por meio do conceito de destrui??o criativa; especificamente sobre o mercado residencial, apropria-se da an?lise de Pedro Abramo sobre as a??es dos empres?rios urbanos, com destaque para os conceitos de conven??o urbana e inova??o espacial. Os procedimentos metodol?gicos baseiam-se em entrevistas semi-estruturadas junto aos empres?rios urbanos para compreender sua l?gica de atua??o em torno dessa nova tend?ncia em Natal, implicando em transforma??es na sua din?mica espacial. De maneira geral, observa-se uma rela??o direta entre a localiza??o de tais empreendimentos e o processo de segmenta??o espacial, ao mesmo tempo visto como consequ?ncia e estrat?gia de a??o dos empres?rios urbanos

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