Nesta dissertação apresentamos os conceitos e ferramentas necessárias para análise do comportamento da função resposta dielétrica de meios dielétricos, levando em conta efeitos da temperatura. Nos primeiros capítulos apresentamos uma breve revisão da literatura especializada, expondo alguns modelos que foram propostos para a descrição da função resposta dielétrica. A seguir apresentamos alguns modelos teóricos encontrados na literatura que incorporam efeitos da temperatura à resposta dielétrica. Considerando o modelo proposto por Dissado-Hill, mostramos que os efeitos da temperatura podem ser incorporados aos parâmetros (m) e (n) que caracterizam o modelo. / In this work we present the concepts and tools required to analyze the behavior of the dielectric response function of dielectric media, taking into account the effects of temperature. In the early chapters, we present a brief review of the literature, exposing some models that have been proposed to describe the dielectric response function, then we include the presentation of some models found in the literature that incorporate the effects of temperature to dielectric response for some materials. In order to include the effects of temperature in the dielectric response of interest materials for electronic (such as ceramics), we assuming the Dissado-Hill model, and show that the effects of temperature may be included in the parameters (m) and (n) that characterizing the model.

Nesta dissertação apresentamos os conceitos e ferramentas necessárias para análise do comportamento da função resposta dielétrica de meios dielétricos, levando em conta efeitos da temperatura. Nos primeiros capítulos apresentamos uma breve revisão da literatura especializada, expondo alguns modelos que foram propostos para a descrição da função resposta dielétrica. A seguir apresentamos alguns modelos teóricos encontrados na literatura que incorporam efeitos da temperatura à resposta dielétrica. Considerando o modelo proposto por Dissado-Hill, mostramos que os efeitos da temperatura podem ser incorporados aos parâmetros (m) e (n) que caracterizam o modelo. / In this work we present the concepts and tools required to analyze the behavior of the dielectric response function of dielectric media, taking into account the effects of temperature. In the early chapters, we present a brief review of the literature, exposing some models that have been proposed to describe the dielectric response function, then we include the presentation of some models found in the literature that incorporate the effects of temperature to dielectric response for some materials. In order to include the effects of temperature in the dielectric response of interest materials for electronic (such as ceramics), we assuming the Dissado-Hill model, and show that the effects of temperature may be included in the parameters (m) and (n) that characterizing the model.

L'objectif de ce travail était l'étude systématique de composés de type BaSn1-xMxO3-d (M= Y, Gd, Sc, In, …) pour lesquels des propriétés de conduction protonique étaient attendues. Nous avons tout d'abord développé une méthode de synthèse originale par polymérisation d'acide acrylique qui nous a permis d'obtenir des poudres nanométriques pures, puis des céramiques denses après frittage. Nous avons ensuite étudié l'influence de la nature et de la teneur en dopant sur les propriétés structurales et électriques. Cette étude expérimentale a été couplée à la modélisation semi-empirique qui nous a permis de prédire les défauts les plus probables au sein de la phase. Les résultats montrent que le modèle de substitution est étroitement lié à la taille des cations substituant. Pour les petits cations, une substitution totale sur le site B est calculée et observée alors que, pour les plus grosses terres rares (La, Nd et Sm), la modélisation anticipe une substitution partielle possible sur le site A confirmée par une anomalie dans l'évolution des paramètres de maille. Concernant les propriétés électriques, nous n'avons pas observé de tendances claires de l'évolution des propriétés électriques en fonction de la nature du cation. Il semble malgré tout que les dopants les meilleurs correspondent à ceux pour lesquels l'énergie d'association lacune-dopant est la plus faible. Dans le cas de l'yttrium, la conduction augmente avec le taux de substitution ce qui peut être relié à la fois à l'augmentation associée du nombre de porteurs et à l'évolution microstructurale. Nous montrons également que le taux de dopant a une forte influence sur la stabilité des matériaux produits. Ainsi, les composés fortement dopés sont instables sous atmosphère humide, alors que les composés faiblement dopés semblent stables sous atmosphère humide, riches en H2 ou CO2. Finalement, nous avons montré que l'emploi de ZnO comme additif permettait d'abaisser fortement la température de frittage sans pour autant affecter les propriétés de transport. Cette étude a donc démontré que les composés de type BaSn1-xMxO3-d (M= Y, Gd, Sc, In, …) peuvent trouver des applications comme conducteurs protoniques pour peu que le taux de substituant soit limité pour des raisons de stabilité, que la taille de grains soit importante pour améliorer la conduction et le procédé de fabrication optimisé pour obtenir une forte densité. / The main objective of the present work was the systematic study of BaSn1-xMxO3-d (M = Y, Gd, Sc, In, …) as proton conductors. We first developed a synthesis route based on the acrylic acid polymerization. This allowed us obtaining pure nanopowders and dense ceramics after a classical sintering process. We then studied the influence of dopant nature and content on the structural and electrical properties. This study was coupled to theoretical calculations which helped us predicting the most probable defects within the structure. Results indicate that the substitution model is closely linked with dopant size. For small cations, the substitution on B-site occurs as foreseen by the original compound formula. For big cations (La, Nd and Sm), the modeling anticipates a possible partial substitution on A-site, confirmed by an anomaly observed on the evolution of cell parameters. Concerning electrical properties, we did not observe any significant trend as a function of dopant size. It seems nevertheless that best dopants in terms of anion or proton conduction are those presenting the smaller dopant-defect interaction energy as revealed by semi-empirical calculations. In the case of yttrium, the evolution of conduction with Y3+ content is linked both to the increase of charge carriers due to doping and to the increase of grain size with increasing dopant content. We also showed that the stability is strongly linked with the doping level. While highly doped compounds are unstable in humid atmosphere, slightly doped compounds present good stability in humid, hydrogen and CO2 containing atmosphere. Finally, we showed that ZnO as an additive could be used to lower the sintering temperature without changing the conduction properties. This study thus showed that BaSn1-xMxO3-d(M = Y, Gd, Sc, In, …) may find applications as proton conductors if dopant level is limited for stability reasons, grain size important for better conduction properties and the elaboration process optimised to ensure high density.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:32:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Estudos recentes demonstram que o sistema cerâmico zircônia-escândia-céria (ScCeSZ) apresenta-se promissor para aplicações como eletrólito sólido em células a combustível de óxido sólido de temperaturas intermediárias de operação (600 a 800 °C). Neste trabalho, foi realizada a sinterização convencional, de duas etapas e assistida por campo elétrico do ZrO2 contendo 10% em mol de Sc2O3 e 1% em mol de CeO2 comercializado pela Fuel Cell Materials visando melhorar a densificação com reduzido tamanho médio de grãos. A condutividade elétrica de amostras densas de ScCeSZ sinterizadas pelos diferentes métodos foi investigada por espectroscopia de impedância. Diferentes condições de sinterização foram analisadas. A taxa de retração dos compactos é máxima a 1180 °C, determinada pela análise de dilatometria. Foi confirmado por difração de raios X que a adição de céria à zircônia-escândia promove a estabilização da fase cúbica à temperatura ambiente. No entanto, dependendo das condições de sinterização pode haver a formação de fases secundárias, as quais foram detectadas por difração de raios X e espectroscopia Raman. A sinterização assistida por campo elétrico promoveu a formação das fases cúbica e tetragonal. Considerando os métodos convencional e de duas etapas, para a obtenção do material cúbico monofásico é necessária uma seleção cuidadosa das condições de sinterização. Os valores de condutividade elétrica estão de acordo com as condutividades do ScCeSZ reportadas na literatura. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Doctor of Philosophy / Curriculum and Instruction Programs / Frederick Burrack / One of the most important roles of a conductor is to prepare an ensemble to perform, not only accurately but expressively, utilizing physical gestures and facial expressions. For many music students, the development of physical gestures that elicit expressive performance are typically introduced in a beginning undergraduate conducting course. This is important in establishing a framework for understanding the technical aspects of conducting, considering that many beginning student conductors lack a basic comprehension of conducting fundamentals. However, the interpretative and expressive principles of conducting are equally important as basic technique and are often more difficult to teach to undergraduate students. There is an overwhelming amount of gestural skill that should be experienced and explored by a beginning undergraduate conductor. Despite a students’ best efforts in the classroom and in the practice room, expressive conducting skills that represent internal musical intentions remain a primary challenge with novice conducting students. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of a beginning undergraduate conductor as they learned to conduct and develop their considerations and skills of conducting to elicit expression. Through case study, exploring the experiences of an undergraduate music student enrolled in a beginning conducting course from a Midwestern university exposed valuable information that could become helpful when designing instruction. The findings addressed the research questions of the study and revealed additional aspects of the learning experience from the perspective of the participant. Through reflection, navigation of self, guided video elicitation, discussion of expressive conducting, and acknowledgement of prior musical expectations and intent, the participant discovered the differences between their perceived expressive gestures and the realization of an audible response from an ensemble.

Dielectric, d. c. conductivity and electrolysis measurements have been made principally on solid imidazole and urea. Electrode effects, especially the development of a suitable protode, and techniques for detecting mobile protons in solids were pursued. The dielectric data have been correlated with the d. c. results. A mechanism for extrinsic proton conduction in urea has been proposed.

For nearly a decade, quasi-one-dimensional conductors have been the subject of intensive study. Theoretically, much attention has been devoted to the development of one-dimensional Fermi gas models, some which may be solved exactly, and to the calculation of their response functions. After a review of this theory, a different approach is adopted in the investigation of two models. The dielectric response theory of the three-dimensional Coulomb gas has been applied to an anisotropic system in which the particles interact with an effective one-dimensional long-range potential. Within the framework of the approximation of Singwi, Tosi, Land, and Sjolander, the dielectric properties of the model are examined in order to determine the conditions under which it is unstable with respect to formation of a charge density wave state. It is found that the positive neutralizing background must be polarizable in order for such an instability to occur. The same approximation method, when applied to a one-dimensional fermion gas with a ʃ-function interaction may be compared with the exact solution of Yang. This solution, which exists in the form of coupled integral equations, has been calculated numerically, and, as predicted by the Lieb-Mattis theorem, the ground state is found to be non-magnetic. The approximation of Singwi et al. proves to give better correlation energies than other inexact methods, particularly at higher densities. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

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This thesis develops a method for obtaining the complex resonant frequency of a post dielectric resonator in the presence of a lossy conductor. A full field analysis is performed on an infinite dielectric rod from which the complex propagation constant and modal solutions are found. Using a single dominant mode (HEM_ll), the boundary conditions at the end of the resonator are enforced, to obtain a complex reflection coefficient. Using the propagation constant from the infinite dielectric rod and the reflection coefficient derived from considering the dielectric-air interface at the resonator ends, a two dimensional search is performed to find the complex frequency for which the gain/phase criterion of the resonator is satisfied. In the final step, boundary conditions are enforced for a lossy conductor at a distance Az from the dielectric which yields the objective -- the complex resonate frequency of a post dielectric in close proximity of a lossy conductor / Master of Science

This document explains the design of the microcontroller based Intelligent Communication Controller (ICC) for the Motorola VMEbus. The card transmits and receives serial data on T1 medium at a rate of 1.544 Mbits/sec. This ICC card is a part of the communication system used in a current differential protection scheme for power distribution systems. / Master of Science