Memoria para optar al grado de Licenciado en Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales / El objetivo central de esta tesis es realizar un análisis descriptivo de las operaciones mercantiles a las cuales pueden acceder las pequeñas y medianas empresas, reflexionando sobre el hecho de que estas, en el proceso de toma de decisiones, optan en su mayoría por métodos tradicionales de financiamiento, a saber, préstamos de particulares o productos de la banca. De esta forma, el presente estudio pretende una reflexión teórica sobre otros mecanismos de financiamiento, resaltando sus ventajas, desventajas y riesgos asociados. Palabras clave: Financiamiento, pequeña empresa, medianaempresa, crédito de consumo, tarjeta de crédito, factoring, leasing, securitización, confirming, crowdfunding. / 31 julio de 2020

This student thesis seeks answers on history teachers´ view on the purpose of their subject, how their view on the purpose affects their teaching and how all of this affects the possibilities given to the students who study the past. The Swedish teaching plan and the curriculum of the subject history are loaded with tension. Based on this tension Swedish students attending secondary school are, on one hand supposed to affirm a certain way of understanding the past while on the other hand be educated in critical and independent thinking. In other words, the subject of history could either confirm a certain view of the past or critically view it. It is also worth pointing out that one does not cancel the other out. History teaching can contain both perspectives. While it would be interesting to apply our main questions on the whole course of the subject of history the main focus of this thesis lies within the theme of genocide. Based on interviews with Swedish history teachers this thesis explores what they see as the purpose of their subject and in particular the purpose in the theme of genocide teaching. What approach does teachers have in their teaching and how does this affect the possibilities given to the students? The result shows that history teachers´ main focus lies in more concrete knowledge, thereby excluding the previous statement about critical thinking. History teachers are also dissatisfied with the time given to the subject of history in upper secondary school. Although the teachers mainly focus on confirming certain views of the past there are teachers who, in some cases, lean towards a teaching method with critical thinking as the focal point. The respondents also vary in the way they give students possibilities to meet the past. These possibilities are often predetermined by the teachers and students’ possibilities to express critical thinking is therefore reduced and limited. While this student thesis is based around the theme of genocide teaching, the result does not necessarily suggest that the students never get the opportunity to express free critical thinking. Therefore, the result shows that the purpose of the subject of history, as presented by the interviewees, is multilayered and seldom based around only one given perspective.

In this study the purpose is to explore how female and male characters are depicted in two tv-shows named “Scenes from a marriage¨ with a qualitative content analysis as a method. These two tv-shows are made with a gap of 48 years, the first tv-show was made and televised 1973 by Ingmar Bergman and a remake of the tv-show was made and televised 2021. The three questions asked to the study was; “How are the female and male characters portrayed?”, “What are the differences or similarities between the versions in the portrayal of male and female characters?” and “What gender norms and gender roles are seen or absent in the tv series?”. The theories used in this research was gender system and gender contract from Yvonne Hirdman but also the male gaze from Laura Mulvey in order to analyze the chosen scenes. To help analyze the terms gender norms and gender roles have been used. The results shows that the portrayal of the female and male characters in the older version of  “Scenes from a marriage” from 1973 was more traditional in its depictions of gender and norm-conforming but with some social interactions that shows norm-breaking, while the portrayal of the female and male characters in the new version from 2021 was more norm-breaking when the gender roles was reversed and gender norms were not followed by the characters but with some social interactions that shows norm-conforming.