Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs and M.A. in International Security and Civil Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. / Thesis advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Thomas Bruneau. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-97). Also available online.

SUMMARY The comprehensive school of Lithuania is oriented towards humanistic relations. The background of this education is humanistic psychology that is poited to the natural powres and abilities of a child. Social skills are being developed through the creation of safe surroundings. In order to create such surroundings it is necessary to deal with interpersonal conflicts of schoolchildren. The talking point in our schools today is the soliution of conflicts. If we want to cope with this problem, we have to find more alternative ways of soliution and prepare the community of a school for them. New interpersonal relations – learning trought cooperation – have to be presented in our schools. More efficient and radical reforms in the schools of Lithuania are allowed by the intensifying laws of education. Lots of various and distinctive programmes of preventionare being produced and preventive projects are being done as well. The number of people, who work according to these programmes, is inreasing because it is becoming a popular advantage, wich supplements individual capacity. It is intended to explicate pedagogical and psychological backing for families, to creat a secure setting in primary forms that would be comfortable and fitted for both learning and teaching. Such things as a great regard of scool members for each other or for collective objectives of a school depend on this setting. We should also consider such important factors like friendly and relations of... [to full text]

Conflicts are the main category of manage. Every day we’re solving problems and sometimes just trying to avoid them. The main thing, that all of us perceive conflict like a negative phenomenon. There are some cases when conflict can get some good wind for the organization, like object’s and organization politic changing. To solve the conflict we use some of our known solution strategies. But sometimes they just can get the things worthier that they are. Teachers clash with conflict the same as members of other occupation. But they need to be respectable in school where they working. Everyday they contact with other teachers, pupils and children’s parents. In all that contacts they are expecting judges, jealousy, and competition. The purpose of our work was - to find the main reasons why the conflicts arise between colleagues, between teachers and principal and with pupils. Also analyze conflicts solution strategies and how pedagogue can aim their knowledge’s about problems solution of course if they had them. Did they take part in conflicts solution teaching programs and it was very important to us to know if that study was productive. The main hypothesis was formed on the background of performed research, that essential conflicts solution is limited by conflicts solution strategies ignoranc.

Konflikter kan påverka individen både positivt och negativt beroende på individens beredskap att hantera konflikten. Vårdpersonal har ett fysiskt påfrestande arbete. Detta är en kvalitativ studie som handlar om hur uppgiftsrelaterade konflikter påverkar individers motivation samt arbetsprestation inom äldreomsorgen. En intervjustudie genomfördes med deltagare som arbetar inom vård och omsorg, deltagarna var undersköterskor. Samtliga undersköterskor beskrev att det förekommer mycket konflikter inom deras arbetsbransch. Undersköterskor har beskrivit upplevelser som framkommit i samband med uppgiftsrelaterade konflikter emellan kollegor. Resultat som framkom var att motivation samt arbetsprestation påverkades då uppgiftsrelaterade konflikter uppstod. Motivationen kunde påverkas eftersom att undersköterskorna kunde känna negativ stämning efter konflikter. Detta fick undersköterskorna att känna nedstämdhet. Det framkom även att ledningen har en inverkan på undersköterskornas motivation. Upplevelserna från undersköterskorna har varierat beroende på konflikt och individ.

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs and M.A. in International Security and Civil Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. / Thesis advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Thomas Bruneau. "AD-A405 970." Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-97). Also available online.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-05-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:27:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_lf_me_prud.pdf: 1325307 bytes, checksum: 10065c1dc341ed74619711d6503c1bc2 (MD5) / A Amazônia, durante toda a sua história, teve como principal via de transporte a rede fluvial. A construção da rodovia BR-364 representou um marco para a região, visto que propiciou, a partir de então, o acesso às demais regiões brasileiras via terrestre. Propiciou a vinda de muitos migrantes de diversas partes do Brasil em direção à Amazônia. A Ponta do Abunã é uma das áreas que tem sua construção desde os períodos áureos da borracha amazônica, ainda no século XIX, mas que tem a chegada de um fluxo maior de migrantes principalmente a partir no final da década de 1970, acompanhando a construção da BR-364. A área até então é tida como pertencente ao Estado do Acre, pelo menos por parte deste Estado e da população que passa a residir naquela localidade. A indefinição quanto a que unidade federativa pertencia e tinha que se submeter, criou alguns problemas de ordem prática, como a questão de horários, já que o Estado acreano encontra-se uma hora a menos de diferença com o Estado de Rondônia. Na década de 1980 começam as discussões sobre a possessão da área, de um lado o Acre, do outro Rondônia. Passados cerca de dez anos, após algumas averiguações, foi decidido judicialmente que aquele território sempre pertenceu a Rondônia e que o Acre deveria retirar todos os órgãos instalados na localidade. Mesmo com a decisão, a relação com o Acre continuou, principalmente devido à maior proximidade geográfica, já que a Ponta do Abunã encontra-se mais distante da cidade de Porto Velho, além da existência de uma barreira geográfica - o Rio Madeira. Daí, analisar o território e as identidades que se produzem e se forjam nele são importantes para compreendermos como na Ponta do Abunã, ao longo de sua história, têm sido produzidas identidades territoriais. / The Amazon, throughout its history, has had the fluvial system as the main means of transportation. The opening of BR-364 Road represented a mark to the region as it provided access to the rest of Brazilian areas and it also made migration possible to several places towards the Amazon region. Ponta do Abunã village is one of the areas that has been developed since the rubber aural times, in the XIX century, and the settlement of a high flux of migrants from different areas around Brazil, mainly by the end of 1970, following the construction of BR-364 Road. The area, since then, has been considered as belonging to the State of Acre, by villagers and dwellers live there. Uncertainty regarding what State, Acre or Rondônia, that region would belong to has raised some geographical matters related to the time zone, as the State of Acre is one hour behind the State of Rondônia. In the 1980s, a discussion about the possession of the area between Acre and Rondônia came out and ten years later, it was legally decided that the State of Acre should all the public services installed in Ponta do Abunã Village. Despite that decision, commercial trades continued mainly because Ponta do Village is farther from the capital city, Porto Velho, than from Rio Branco, the capital city of Acre, and besides, because of the geographical barrier: the Madeira river. Indeed, analyzing the territory and its features that have been set is relevant to understand how, throughout its own history, that region has acquired territorial identities, as it was settled by migrants who initially founded an Acreanian territory, and later lived in a Rondonian territory - Ponta do Abunã Village. In doing so, it is noticeable the great role that the National State and the boundaries play on the construction of the territory.

None / Clinicians in general value the use of the best evidence in decision-making and consider that can improve patient care. However, a successful evidence based practice is hard to achieve in real life. In recent years, with the consolidation of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, the development of improved standards to judge the trustworthiness of guideline recommendations and the adoption of more strict policies to limit the influence of conflict of interests, trustworthy guidelines have become an attractive alternative for an evidence-based clinical practice. In this thesis we offer an explicit and easy-to-use guidance to clinicians regarding how to use guideline recommendations in the context of a real life practice. We also provide an in-depth explanation of the judgments involved in determining the direction and strength of recommendations. Finally, we expand the knowledge about how to manage conflict of interests in guideline developers. Through two studies evaluating the conflict of interest policy implemented at the American College of Chest Physicians 9th edition of the Antithrombotic Guidelines, we show what aspects of the policy were successful and what aspects need to be reformulated. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / None

Introduction – Supply chains increase in size and complexity, more actors are becoming involved and an increased collaboration among actors are a necessity. Still, undesired conflicts occurs and are unavoidable in a collaboration. There are ways to reduce the negative effects and improve management of conflicts provided by previous researchers focus on conflicts and conflict management in general. However, this thesis emphazises on investigating what conflicts that occur within different collaboration setups that can be attributed to the type of logistics company involved. Therefore, the following purpose is stated: Investigate what types of conflicts occurring during collaboration that can be attributed to the different roles of 3PL and 4PL companies. Methodology – To answer the purpose a single case study was conducted which involved a focal firm and its collaboration with two different logistics companies (a 3PL and a 4PL) within the same economical climate. Due to the uniqeness of the case, a multiple methods qualitative study was performed and to strengthen the validity of the data collected both documantary analysis as well as semi-structured interviews were conducted. Respondents were handpicked based on knowledge of both collaboration setups, to ensure quality of the data collected. Gathered data were sumarized and categorized using Mamad and Chahdi (2013) conflict factors, and later analyzed to accurately detect key points to generate a result and answer the research questions. Result – To summarize the result, findings of what we discovered through our data analysis generated similarites and differences in conflicts occurred within both collaboration setups. These conflicts are linked to Mamad and Chahdi (2013) conflicts factors regarding collaboration among actors, in order to clarify why and which conflict area these conflicts occurred in. Analysis – From the conflicts identified in the result, further analysis were conducted. Where, previous literature regarding logistics companies (3pl and 4PL) were applied in order to enable attribution of conflicts to company types. Conclusion – Through the analysis, many conflicts that occured are based on factors such as operational structure, problem solving and company policies which are not affected by the company type. However, three conflicts and problem areas can be connected to be generally more common either with 3PL companies or 4PL companies. The first lies within the commitment area where 3PL companies can generally be seen as less committed. The second area is communication were important information were more often late due to passing through more actors, causing more conflicts when collaborating with a 4PL. The last problem area were within formalization where findings suggests that there are conflicts caused by 4PLs using several carriers which causes problems such as varying regulations and truck dimensions from carriers.

A major goal in software engineering is to reduce the cost of maintaining software systems. Finding design methods which make software more easily maintainable has thus been one of the most prioritized challenges during the past decade. While mainstream software design has concentrated on maintainability, other software disciplines e.g. high-performance computing and high-availability systems, have developed other design methods which primarily support the quality attributes that are more important in their areas. More recently, demands have been made for high performance and high availability in typical mainstream software. At the same time, traditional high-performance and high-availability systems tend to incorporate more advanced business functionality, i.e. different software disciplines have started to converge. The situation is not unproblematic since the software design methods developed for achieving performance and availability may have been developed with a limited influence from maintainability, and vice versa. It is thus important to identify and analyze emerging design conflicts. In this thesis I have studied conflicts between maintainability design methods onthe one hand, and performance and availability methods and techniques on the other. I present the results of four case-studies involving four different applications. It is a characteristic of these applications that half of the system can be regarded as a telecommunications system and the other as a typical main-stream system, i.e. all systems make high demands on performance and availability but also very high demands on high maintainability. In studying these applications, I have identified two major conflicts: granularity in dynamic memory usage and source code size. My results show that these two conflicts can cause problems of such amplitude that some applications become unusable. I found that conflicts in certain situations are inherent; in other cases they can be avoided - or at least reduced - by adjusting the design methods used. I have also shown that conflicts may quite simply be a matter of misconceptions. Ten guidelines have been combined into a simple process with the aim of helping software designers to avoid and reduce conflicts. A method which automatically reduces the dynamic memory conflict in object-oriented applications written in C++ has been developed, implemented and evaluated. Finally, I have defined optimal recovery schemes for high availability clusters.

Offshore wind farms are widely considered to become a cornerstone of energy transition for securing energy supply and tackling climate change simultaneously. But recent developments have demonstrated that the siting of offshore wind farms is far from being conflict-free, evoking confrontations with a number of stakeholder interests. Such real-life evidence implies a reductio ad absurdum, as offshore wind farms are generally supposed to be less contested than the ones onshore and therefore more convenient for local communities. By drawing on two case studies in Scotland and Germany (Argyll Array / Baltic 1), this thesis examines various conflicts that emerge from the siting of offshore wind farms and compares their underlying causes as well as their implications and institutional consideration in the planning process. In order to understand the conflicts over offshore wind farms, the research employs the epistemological framework of ‘space-related conflicts’ which turns the attention to conflicting interests, values and practices of affected actors as well as to the significance of structural and spatial conditions. Throughout the thesis, it will be argued that it is not the wind farms per se that are contested, but that the conflicts rather revolve around the places and spaces which are meant to be changed by the siting of offshore wind farms. The findings show that both case studies reflect similar conflicts, where adverse impacts on coastal tourism and environmental impacts turned out to be the key issues for local opponents from the public. However, even though key controversies are comparable, major differences result from the rationales that opponents invoke to substantiate their concerns and more dominantly from the existing planning frameworks which pre-structure the power relations and dynamics of public engagement. The comparative study concludes by suggesting some policy recommendations for future practices of dealing with affected actors. Therefore, the research findings do not just provide a contribution to the theoretical debates about the formation of resistance to renewables, but they also present practical implications relevant to policy-makers.