Surface water and groundwater systems consist of interconnected reservoirs, rivers, and confined and unconfined aquifers. The integrated management of such resources faces several challenges: High dimensionality refers to the requirement of the large number of variables that need to be considered in the description of surface water and groundwater systems. As the number of these variables increases, the computational requirements quickly saturate the capabilities of the existing management methods. Uncertainty relates to the imprecise nature of many system inputs and parameters, including reservoir and tributary inflows, precipitation, evaporation, aquifer parameters (e.g., hydraulic conductivity and storage coefficient), and various boundary and initial conditions. Uncertainty complicates very significantly the development and application of efficient management models. Nonlinearity is intrinsic to some physical processes and also enters through various facility and operational constraints on reservoir storages, releases, and aquifer drawdown and pumping. Nonlinearities compound the previous difficulties. Multiple objectives pertain to the process of optimizing the use of the integrated surface and groundwater resources to meet various water demands, generate sufficient energy, maintain adequate instream flows, and protect the environment and the ecosystems. Multi-objective decision models and processes continue to challenge professional practice. This research draws on several disciplines including groundwater flow modeling, hydrology and water resources systems, uncertainty analysis, estimation theory, stochastic optimization of dynamical systems, and policy assessment. A summary of the research contributions made in this work follows: 1.High dimensionality issues related to groundwater aquifers system have been mitigated by the use of transfer functions and their representation by state space approximations. 2.Aquifer response under uncertainty of inputs and aquifer parameters is addressed by a new statistical procedure that is applicable to regions of relatively few measurements and incorporates management reliability considerations. 3.The conjunctive management problem is formulated in a generally applicable way, taking into consideration all relevant uncertainties and system objectives. This problem is solved via an efficient stochastic optimization method that overcomes dimensionality limitations. 4.The methods developed in this Thesis are applied to the Jordanian water resources system, demonstrating their value for operational planning and management.

Considerando-se a concepção de conjunção adotada por Halliday e Hasan (1977), esta Tese de Doutorado trata, especificamente, das relações coesivas conjuntivas causais em textos do tipo argumentativo. Fundamentado principalmente no Funcionalismo Lingüístico, especialmente no modelo sistêmico-funcional de Halliday (2002), e na noção de seqüência textual desenvolvida na análise pragmático-textual de Jean-Michel Adam (1992), este trabalho identifica as relações coesivas conjuntivas causais e explicita seu sentido com base na interpretação dessas relações como externas ou internas, considerando-se os sentidos que os segmentos textuais por elas conectados expressam: sentido chamado externo (interpretado no âmbito da função ideacional da linguagem) ou interno (interpretado no âmbito da função interpessoal da linguagem). Para tanto, são analisadas ocorrências dessas estruturas em seqüências argumentativas, todas elas componentes estruturais de textos do tipo argumentativo. Confirma-se a hipótese de, nesse tipo de texto, as relações conjuntivas causais configurarem-se majoritariamente como relações internas, demonstrando uma preocupação maior do enunciador com as relações inerentes à organização do discurso, ao processo comunicativo em si nas formas de interação escritor-leitor, do que com as formas inerentes aos fenômenos, aos eventos que são relatados pela língua. Busca-se, em última análise, contribuir para uma melhor compreensão das relações entre gramática e discurso em língua portuguesa, desenvolvendo uma descrição que leva em conta a funcionalidade das estruturas léxico-gramaticais na constituição dos textos. / Taking into account the conjunction conception adopted by Halliday and Hasan (1977), the present work deals, especifically, with the causal conjunctive cohesive relations in argumentative texts. Mainly based on Linguistic Functionalism, especially on the functional systemic model of Halliday (2002) and on the notion of textual pragmatic analysis of Jean-Michel Adam (1992), this work explains its meaning based on the interpretation of such relations as internal and external, considering the meanings that textual segments conected express: external meaning (interpreted in the area of the ideational function of language) or internal meaning (interpreted in the area of the interpersonal function of language). To accomplish this we analyse the occurences of such structures in argumentative sequences, all of them structural components of the argumentative texts. We confirm the hypothesis that, in this type of text, the causal conjunctive relations are most often characterized as internal relations, demonstrating a greater concern of the speaker as regards relations inherent to discourse organization, to the communicative process in itself in the writer-reader interaction rather than with the forms which are inherent to the phenomena, events that are reported by language.We also aim at contributing to a better comprehension of the relations between grammar and discourse in portuguese language, developing a description that takes into account the functionality of the lexical-grammatical structures in the constitution of texts.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-09-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:21:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carbone_mvs_dr_assis.pdf: 1183459 bytes, checksum: f4bf9b465c82e92b654f7eaaa196a307 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O desejo de estudar as correspondências dos usos da partícula que em espanhol e português foi o ponto de partida desta tese. Dado o fato de ser a referida partícula altamente empregada nas duas línguas, optamos pela pesquisa em um corpus de língua falada, por caracterizar-se esta modalidade como um reflexo mais autêntico do funcionamento da língua e, especificamente, dos usos do que. Dentro dessa modalidade de língua falada, trabalhamos com entrevistas pertencentes ao Projeto de Estudo da Norma Lingüística Culta das cidades de Bogotá (para o espanhol) e de São Paulo (para o português ). Delimitado o corpus de estudo (onze entrevistas completas do NURC colombiano), coletamos os enunciados em espanhol em que a partícula que está inserida, bem como alguns dos seus afins, preservando os contextos necessários para uma análise sintática adequada. Esses contextos sintáticos espanhóis nos quais aparece a partícula que é que nortearam a divisão dos capítulos deste trabalho. Nossa pesquisa consta de cinco capítulos. O primeiro, numa tentativa de retomar às origens para entender os auais empregos do que, trata diacronicamente do tema. O que pronome relativo, os outros pronomes relativos, os advérbios relativos, bem como os seus correspondentes portugueses e a freqüência de uso nas duas línguas é o assunto do segundo capítulo. Partindo do que interrogativo, o terceiro capítulo versa sobre os pronomes interrogativos em geral e suas correspondências em português. No quarto capítulo, abordamos o estudo do que conjuntivo, do porque e das locuções conjuntivas, bem como das equivalências portuguesas. O quinto e último capítulo trata de dois outros contextos sintáticos em que a partícula que aparece em nosso corpus de trabalho tanto em espanhol como em português: as perífrases verbais de obrigação e expletivos. / The starting point of this dissertation was our interest in studying the formal as well as the semantic correspondences between the usages of the particle QUE, both in Spanish and in Portuguese. Due to the high degree of occurrences of this particle in both languages, we chose to center our research in a corpus of spoken language. In fact the oral language reflects with more authenticity the way languages function and, in particular, the uses of THE. Therefore we analyzed samples of speech taken from interviews that were registered and transcribed by researchers belonging to the NURC (Project for the Study of the Cultivated Linguistic Norm) in Bogotá (Colombia), for Spanish language, and in São Paulo (Brazil), for the Portuguese. Once the corpus established, we gathered and classified the utterances of eleven interviews in Colombian Spanish, in which the particle QUE and other related forms appear. Necessary contextual elements were preserved to make possible an accurate syntactic analysis. The syntactic contexts of QUE detected in the Spanish corpus guided the division in five chapters of our work. The first one is a diachronic approach which constitutes an effort to reach the ancient and original usages of QUE in order to a better understanding of its present behavior. The relative pronoun QUE, other relative pronouns, relative adverbs, as well as their Portuguese counterparts and their frequency of use in both languages are the subject of our second chapter. Beginning with the interrogative QUE, the third chapter deals with the Spanish interrogative pronouns in general and their corresponding forms in Portuguese...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Considerando-se a concepção de conjunção adotada por Halliday e Hasan (1977), esta Tese de Doutorado trata, especificamente, das relações coesivas conjuntivas causais em textos do tipo argumentativo. Fundamentado principalmente no Funcionalismo Lingüístico, especialmente no modelo sistêmico-funcional de Halliday (2002), e na noção de seqüência textual desenvolvida na análise pragmático-textual de Jean-Michel Adam (1992), este trabalho identifica as relações coesivas conjuntivas causais e explicita seu sentido com base na interpretação dessas relações como externas ou internas, considerando-se os sentidos que os segmentos textuais por elas conectados expressam: sentido chamado externo (interpretado no âmbito da função ideacional da linguagem) ou interno (interpretado no âmbito da função interpessoal da linguagem). Para tanto, são analisadas ocorrências dessas estruturas em seqüências argumentativas, todas elas componentes estruturais de textos do tipo argumentativo. Confirma-se a hipótese de, nesse tipo de texto, as relações conjuntivas causais configurarem-se majoritariamente como relações internas, demonstrando uma preocupação maior do enunciador com as relações inerentes à organização do discurso, ao processo comunicativo em si nas formas de interação escritor-leitor, do que com as formas inerentes aos fenômenos, aos eventos que são relatados pela língua. Busca-se, em última análise, contribuir para uma melhor compreensão das relações entre gramática e discurso em língua portuguesa, desenvolvendo uma descrição que leva em conta a funcionalidade das estruturas léxico-gramaticais na constituição dos textos. / Taking into account the conjunction conception adopted by Halliday and Hasan (1977), the present work deals, especifically, with the causal conjunctive cohesive relations in argumentative texts. Mainly based on Linguistic Functionalism, especially on the functional systemic model of Halliday (2002) and on the notion of textual pragmatic analysis of Jean-Michel Adam (1992), this work explains its meaning based on the interpretation of such relations as internal and external, considering the meanings that textual segments conected express: external meaning (interpreted in the area of the ideational function of language) or internal meaning (interpreted in the area of the interpersonal function of language). To accomplish this we analyse the occurences of such structures in argumentative sequences, all of them structural components of the argumentative texts. We confirm the hypothesis that, in this type of text, the causal conjunctive relations are most often characterized as internal relations, demonstrating a greater concern of the speaker as regards relations inherent to discourse organization, to the communicative process in itself in the writer-reader interaction rather than with the forms which are inherent to the phenomena, events that are reported by language.We also aim at contributing to a better comprehension of the relations between grammar and discourse in portuguese language, developing a description that takes into account the functionality of the lexical-grammatical structures in the constitution of texts.

Description Logic actions specify adaptations of description logic interpretations based on some preconditions defined using a description logic. We consider DL actions in which preconditions can be specified using DL axioms as well as using conjunctive queries, and combinatiosn thereof. We investigate complexity bounds for the executability and the projection problem for these actions, which respectively ask whether an action can be executed on models of an interpretation, and which entailments are satisfied after an action has been executed on this model. In addition, we consider a set of new reasoning tasks concerned with conflicts and interactions that may arise if two action are executed at the same time. Since these problems have not been investigated before for Description Logic actions, we investigate the complexity of these tasks both for actions with conjunctive queries and without those. Finally, we consider the verification problem for Golog programs formulated over our famility of actions. Our complexity analysis considers several expressive DLs, and we provide tight complexity bounds for those for which the exact complexity of conjunctive query entailment is known.

Cette thèse traite de l’établissement d’une plateforme logicielle nommée DaWeS permettant le déploiement et la gestion en ligne d’entrepôts de données alimentés par des données provenant de services web et personnalisés à destination des petites et moyennes entreprises. Ce travail s’articule autour du développement et de l’expérimentation de DaWeS. L’idée principale implémentée dans DaWeS est l’utilisation d’une approche virtuelle d’intégration de données (la médiation) en tant queprocessus ETL (extraction, transformation et chargement des données) pour les entrepôts de données gérés par DaWeS. A cette fin, un algorithme classique de réécriture de requêtes (l’algorithme inverse-rules) a été adapté et testé. Une étude théorique sur la sémantique des requêtes conjonctives et datalog exprimées avec des relations munies de limitations d’accès (correspondant aux services web) a été menée. Cette dernière permet l’obtention de bornes supérieures sur les nombres d’appels aux services web requis dans l’évaluation de telles requêtes. Des expérimentations ont été menées sur des services web réels dans trois domaines : le marketing en ligne, la gestion de projets et les services d’aide aux utilisateurs. Une première série de tests aléatoires a été effectuée pour tester le passage à l’échelle. / The role of data warehouse for business analytics cannot be undermined for any enterprise, irrespective of its size. But the growing dependence on web services has resulted in a situation where the enterprise data is managed by multiple autonomous and heterogeneous service providers. We present our approach and its associated prototype DaWeS [Samuel, 2014; Samuel and Rey, 2014; Samuel et al., 2014], a DAta warehouse fed with data coming from WEb Services to extract, transform and store enterprise data from web services and to build performance indicators from them (stored enterprise data) hiding from the end users the heterogeneity of the numerous underlying web services. Its ETL process is grounded on a mediation approach usually used in data integration. This enables DaWeS (i) to be fully configurable in a declarative manner only (XML, XSLT, SQL, datalog) and (ii) to make part of the warehouse schema dynamic so it can be easily updated. (i) and (ii) allow DaWeS managers to shift from development to administration when they want to connect to new web services or to update the APIs (Application programming interfaces) of already connected ones. The aim is to make DaWeS scalable and adaptable to smoothly face the ever-changing and growing web services offer. We point out the fact that this also enables DaWeS to be used with the vast majority of actual web service interfaces defined with basic technologies only (HTTP, REST, XML and JSON) and not with more advanced standards (WSDL, WADL, hRESTS or SAWSDL) since these more advanced standards are not widely used yet to describe real web services. In terms of applications, the aim is to allow a DaWeS administrator to provide to small and medium companies a service to store and query their business data coming from their usage of third-party services, without having to manage their own warehouse. In particular, DaWeS enables the easy design (as SQL Queries) of personalized performance indicators. We present in detail this mediation approach for ETL and the architecture of DaWeS. Besides its industrial purpose, working on building DaWeS brought forth further scientific challenges like the need for optimizing the number of web service API operation calls or handling incomplete information. We propose a bound on the number of calls to web services. This bound is a tool to compare future optimization techniques. We also present a heuristics to handle incomplete information.

Orientador: Rafael Eugenio Hoyos-Andrade / Banca: Maria de Lourdes Otero Brabo Cruz / Banca: Eliane Roncolatto / Banca: Isabel Gretel Maria Eres Fernández / Banca: John Robert Schmitz / Resumo: O desejo de estudar as correspondências dos usos da partícula que em espanhol e português foi o ponto de partida desta tese. Dado o fato de ser a referida partícula altamente empregada nas duas línguas, optamos pela pesquisa em um corpus de língua falada, por caracterizar-se esta modalidade como um reflexo mais autêntico do funcionamento da língua e, especificamente, dos usos do que. Dentro dessa modalidade de língua falada, trabalhamos com entrevistas pertencentes ao Projeto de Estudo da Norma Lingüística Culta das cidades de Bogotá (para o espanhol) e de São Paulo (para o português ). Delimitado o corpus de estudo (onze entrevistas completas do NURC colombiano), coletamos os enunciados em espanhol em que a partícula que está inserida, bem como alguns dos seus afins, preservando os contextos necessários para uma análise sintática adequada. Esses contextos sintáticos espanhóis nos quais aparece a partícula que é que nortearam a divisão dos capítulos deste trabalho. Nossa pesquisa consta de cinco capítulos. O primeiro, numa tentativa de retomar às origens para entender os auais empregos do que, trata diacronicamente do tema. O que pronome relativo, os outros pronomes relativos, os advérbios relativos, bem como os seus correspondentes portugueses e a freqüência de uso nas duas línguas é o assunto do segundo capítulo. Partindo do que interrogativo, o terceiro capítulo versa sobre os pronomes interrogativos em geral e suas correspondências em português. No quarto capítulo, abordamos o estudo do que conjuntivo, do porque e das locuções conjuntivas, bem como das equivalências portuguesas. O quinto e último capítulo trata de dois outros contextos sintáticos em que a partícula que aparece em nosso corpus de trabalho tanto em espanhol como em português: as perífrases verbais de obrigação e expletivos. / Abstract: The starting point of this dissertation was our interest in studying the formal as well as the semantic correspondences between the usages of the particle QUE, both in Spanish and in Portuguese. Due to the high degree of occurrences of this particle in both languages, we chose to center our research in a corpus of spoken language. In fact the oral language reflects with more authenticity the way languages function and, in particular, the uses of THE. Therefore we analyzed samples of speech taken from interviews that were registered and transcribed by researchers belonging to the NURC (Project for the Study of the Cultivated Linguistic Norm) in Bogotá (Colombia), for Spanish language, and in São Paulo (Brazil), for the Portuguese. Once the corpus established, we gathered and classified the utterances of eleven interviews in Colombian Spanish, in which the particle QUE and other related forms appear. Necessary contextual elements were preserved to make possible an accurate syntactic analysis. The syntactic contexts of QUE detected in the Spanish corpus guided the division in five chapters of our work. The first one is a diachronic approach which constitutes an effort to reach the ancient and original usages of QUE in order to a better understanding of its present behavior. The relative pronoun QUE, other relative pronouns, relative adverbs, as well as their Portuguese counterparts and their frequency of use in both languages are the subject of our second chapter. Beginning with the interrogative QUE, the third chapter deals with the Spanish interrogative pronouns in general and their corresponding forms in Portuguese...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Doutor

A falta de gestão integrada das águas superficiais e subterrâneas, aliada ao seu uso intensivo, acarretou em efeitos indesejados como escassez hídrica e perdas econômicas. A partir do conhecimento sobre as disponibilidades e demandas hídricas é possível promover estratégias de alocação otimizada de água para redução da escassez e dos custos da escassez. O uso conjunto de água superficial e subterrânea consiste no desenvolvimento de estratégias de alocação que explorem as vantagens e particularidades de cada manancial, assim reduzindo o efeito das variabilidades e incertezas na disponibilidade de água. O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo de alocação otimizada utilizando água superficial e subterrânea visando à redução da escassez hídrica, a redução no custo da escassez e o aumento no atendimento das demandas agrícolas na Bacia do Rio Santa Maria, localizada no Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. O trabalho foi estruturado em três artigos científicos. O primeiro artigo apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o conceito, benefícios e desafios na implementação de estratégias de uso conjunto; a partir da análise das informações levantadas na revisão bibliográfica foi possível delinear estratégias que podem ser aplicadas no contexto brasileiro, embasadas nos instrumentos de gestão previstos na Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos. O segundo artigo apresenta a obtenção das funções de benefício marginal dos usuários de água para irrigação na área estudada; estas funções são conhecidas como "curvas de demanda" e avaliam a disponibilidade de um usuário a pagar pelo recurso, de maneira que, quanto mais escasso o recurso, maior será seu valor marginal; estas funções são necessárias para a aplicação do modelo hidroeconômico Neste artigo também foi realizado um estudo do caso dos eventos de estiagem de 2006 e 2011 na Bacia do Rio Santa Maria, sendo analisados os prejuízos econômicos advindos da escassez. O terceiro artigo apresenta a aplicação do modelo hidroeconômico de alocação da água no sistema da Bacia do Rio Santa Maria; a função objetivo do modelo é minimizar o custo da escassez. Os resultados apontaram a alocação de água otimizada economicamente e os benefícios advindos da utilização de água subterrânea no atendimento das demandas, evidenciando a importância da gestão eficiente da água para flexibilizar e tornar o sistema hídrico mais resiliente. / The lack of integrated management of surface and groundwater, coupled with its intensive use, has led to undesirable effects such as water shortages and economic losses. The knowledge about water availabilities and demands makes it possible to promote optimized water allocation strategies to reduce scarcity and scarcity costs. Conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater consists of the development of allocation strategies that explore the advantages and peculiarities of each source, thus reducing the effect of variability and uncertainties on water availability. This work presents an optimized allocation study using surface and groundwater to reduce water scarcity, reduce scarcity cost, and increase agricultural demand attendance in the Santa Maria River Basin, located in Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil. This work was structured in three scientific articles. The first article presents a bibliographic review about the concept, benefits and challenges in the implementation of conjunctive use strategies; from the analysis of the information collected in the bibliographic review it was possible to outline strategies that can be applied in the Brazilian context, based on the management instruments provided in the National Water Resources Policy The second article presents the obtaining of the marginal benefit curves of water used in irrigation in the studied area; these functions are known as "demand curves" and evaluate the user’s willingness to pay for the resource, so that the scarcer the resource, greater is its marginal value; these functions are input data for the hydroeconomic model. In this paper it was also studied the droughts of 2006 and 2011 in the Santa Maria River Basin, analyzing the economic losses due to the scarcity. The third article presents the application of the hydroeconomic model to solve the problem of water allocation in the Santa Maria River basin system; the objective function of the model is to minimize scarcity cost. The results showed the economically optimized water allocation and the benefits derived from the use of groundwater in meeting the demands, showing the importance of efficient water management to make water systems more flexible and resilient.

Many American companies looking to increase sales and achieve growth targets consider expanding the reach of their product lines to other countries. However, expansion on a global scale often requires much trial and error as English-speaking companies try to market their goods to a foreign audience. In order to ease this process, localization experts are often hired to "localize" or change advertisements in order to make them more culturally relevant to consumers. Because the field of localization is relatively new, there is little research done on the degree and extent to which advertisements are localized. The purpose of this study is to explore the cultural differences in advertising between Russia and the United States of America. Two different samples of print magazine advertisements were taken from beauty magazines published in Russia and America to determine how much, if any, localization is occurring in Russian media. In order to compare the different advertising strategies of Russia and the United States, 235 non-localized Russian advertisements and 128 localized advertisements were coded for several different pragmatic features that Simpson (2001) included in his "reason" and "tickle" advertising framework. The results were then analyzed through content analysis and Chi-square statistics to find what pragmatic features are characteristic of localized and non-localized Russian ads. The study found that non-localized Russian advertising places more emphasis on reason-based persuasion strategies—most notably celebrity endorsement and extensive listing of reasons to buy a particular product. Localized Russian advertising, in contrast, uses more tickle-based persuasion tactics such as metaphor and implicature. 80% of localized Russian advertisements had little to no change in their advertising text from the English version of the advertisements, which means that the rate of localization in Russian advertising is currently low. Low rates of localization and differing persuasive techniques among the two samples signify the need for better cultural awareness in international marketing campaigns.

A novel mode of shallow aquifer management could increase the volumetric potential and distribution of underground, freshwater storage: Shallow aquifer storage and recovery (SASR). In this mode, water is efficiently stored in basin fill aquifers with strong hydraulic connection to surface water. Regional numerical modeling can provide a linkage between storage efficiency and local hydrogeologic parameters, which in turn may contribute to useful rules guiding how and where water can be stored. This study: (1) uses a calibrated model of the central Willamette Basin (CWB), Oregon to correlate SASR storage efficiency to basic hydrogeologic parameters using the stream depletion factor (SDF); (2) uses SDF to identify regions of high storage efficiency, and (3) estimates potential volumetric storage and injection rates for storage-efficient regions. Potential storage for the CWB is estimated to be 2.40 million m��. Given areal average hydrogeologic parameters, 8 wells--roughly 35 m deep and 0.3 m diameter--would be capable of managing this storage on an annual basis. Given otherwise similar conditions, greater depth to groundwater would yield greater volumetric potential, greater injection rates, and either unchanged or increased efficiency. / Graduation date: 2013