Syftet men denna studie är att förklara om tidskonsumtion som uttryck för Conspicuous Consumption kan påverkas av en människas personlighet utifrån The Big Five”. Studien baseras på en kvantitativ forskningsmetod samt en enkätundersökning genom ett bekvämlighetsurval som genererade 478 svar. Insamlade data analyserades i statistikprogrammet Jamovi. Resultatet visar att hypotes 1, 3 och 4 korroboreras medan 2 och 5 falsifieras. Utöver hypoteserna framkom det att neuroticism är positivt relaterat till tidskonsumtion samt att personer med höga poäng på openness inte lägger någon vikt vid en upptagen eller ledig livsstil eftersom båda anses generera status. Slutsatsen visar att trots att lyxkonsumtion och tidskonsumtion båda genererar status och är en del av Conspicuous Consumption styrs utövandet inte av samma personlighetsdrag. Studiens teoretiska bidrag syftar till att komplettera den begränsade forskningen angående Conspicuous Consumption och tidskonsumtion. Studiens praktiska bidrag har som syfte att öka personers medvetenhet kring hur de konsumerar sin tid samt vad de konsumerar sin tid på eftersom tidskonsumtion kan leda till negativa konsekvenser. Vidare forskning bör undersöka om samtliga personlighetsdrag är positivt relaterade till tidskonsumtion. Det vore även intressant att se om en mer detaljerad The Big Five-undersökning resulterar i starkare kopplingar till tidskonsumtion. / The purpose is to explain whether time consumption as an expression Conspicuous Consumption can be affected by a human ́s personality based on The Big Five. This study is based on a quantitative research method and a online survey based by a convenience samplet that generated 478 responses. Collected data were analyzed in the statistical program Jamovi. The results show that hypotheses 1, 3 and 4 are corroborated while 2 and 5 are falsified. In addition to the hypotheses, it was found that neuroticism is positively related to time consumption and that people with high scores on openness doesn ́t care if it ́s a busy or a free lifestyle because both are considered to generate status. Although luxury consumption and time consumption both generate status and are within Conspicuous Consumption, the use is not determined by the same personality traits. The theoretical contribution of the study aims to supplement the limited research on Conspicuous Consumption and time consumption. The purpose of the study's practical contribution is to increase people's awareness of how they consume their time and what they consume their time on as time consumption can lead to negative consequences. Further research should investigate whether all personality traits are positively related to time consumption. It would also be interesting to see if a more detailed The Big Five survey results in stronger links to time consumption.

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Materialism has an ugly face. The dominant view of materialism regards materialists as self-prioritizing individuals who oppose collective and prosocial goals in favor of a lifestyle led by money, possessions, and status. The present research argues that there is a side of materialism that is concerned with collective-oriented interests. We examine the nature and consequences of collective-oriented materialism - the belief system that ascribes importance to possessions for their symbolic and signaling capacities to construct desirable social attributes. Drawing from cultural and consumer theories, we find considerable support that materialists espouse a collective-oriented quality to an otherwise self-oriented interest towards possessions.

En av de mest efterfrågade lyxvarorna på dagens marknad är lyxväskor, allt fler väljer attkomplettera sin outfit med denna accessoar. Förr i tiden hade handväskan en merfunktionell roll då den enbart användes för att bära tillhörigheter i. Idag har handväskanen helt annan roll då den framförallt återspeglar en bild av den person som äger väskan.Konsumenter kan med hjälp av denna produkt utge sig för att ha bättre ekonomiskaförutsättningar än vad de i själva verket har.Prognoser visar att efterfrågan på lyxväskor ökar trots att vi befinner oss mitt i vad sombeskrivs som en av de största ekonomiska kriserna i världshistorian. Den svenskamarknaden för lyxväskor växer sig allt större och några bland de främsta varumärkenasom återfinns på marknaden är Gucci, Louis Vuitton, Mulberry, Hermes etc.Eftersom vårt syfte är att undersöka vad motivationen är hos konsumenter som väljer attköpa lyxväskor har vi valt att genomföra en kvalitativ studie på tio personer, varför vivalde att genomföra en studie av kvalitativ karaktär var med anledning av att vi hadebehov av mycket information som berörde respondenterna på ett personligt plan.Respondenterna som vi har valt att genomföra denna studie på är alla unga kvinnor ochmän, större delen av de jobbar inom handel samt restaurangbranschen.Vi har funnit att respondenterna i denna undersökning inför köpet av sin lyxväska befannsig i ett spänningstillstånd orsakat av en konflikt mellan deras lustfyllda begär ochansvarskänsla kring deras ekonomiska situation. Resultatet påvisar att främstaanledningen till varför respondenterna köper lyxväskor är för att bli bekräftade av sinsociala omgivning. Behovet av konformitet är överordnat andra behov som exempelvisfunktionalitet. Status anses vara ett utav de viktigaste värdena som respondenterna kanerhålla igenom köpet av en lyxväska, exempelvis använder vissa av respondenternalyxväskan som en symbol för att öka sin status vid anställningsintervjuer.Utifrån det empiriska utfallet kunde vi se ett mönster där majoriteten av respondenternasom köper lyxväskor prioriterar sitt självförverkligande framför kvaliteten på mergrundläggande behov som till exempel mat och boende. Detta gör att vi funderar på omMaslows behovshierarki är användbar i sin nuvarande form i ett land med västerländskkultur.Respondenternas strävan samt önskan efter att erhålla de värden som köpet av enlyxväska innebär gör att de inte tar hänsyn till hållbarhetstrenden. Bland annat ser vi atten stor del av respondenterna köper lyxväskor som överstiger deras ekonomiskaförutsättningar.

<p>Should economists depart from the neoclassical assumption of independent preferences and admit that people do not only care about absolute consumption, but also about relative consumption? Three different motives for relative preferences are explored, an instrumental perspective most often grounded in signalling incentives, a view where people care about identity and self-image and finally a theory based on the information content in consumption. The central concern is positional goods, typically seen as status-goods, of particular relevance in signalling contexts. The consumption patterns arrived at give rise to wasteful competitive consumption; the desire to advertise wealth produce a pareto-inferior outcome with an overconsumption of positional goods. In relation to this, we briefly discuss some policy implications as well as survey the available empirical evidence.</p>

Should economists depart from the neoclassical assumption of independent preferences and admit that people do not only care about absolute consumption, but also about relative consumption? Three different motives for relative preferences are explored, an instrumental perspective most often grounded in signalling incentives, a view where people care about identity and self-image and finally a theory based on the information content in consumption. The central concern is positional goods, typically seen as status-goods, of particular relevance in signalling contexts. The consumption patterns arrived at give rise to wasteful competitive consumption; the desire to advertise wealth produce a pareto-inferior outcome with an overconsumption of positional goods. In relation to this, we briefly discuss some policy implications as well as survey the available empirical evidence.

This research includes a cross-cultural study between Scandinavia and eastern Asia that are considered to be one individualist (Scandinavia) and one collectivist (east Asia) culture. The purpose is to study the effects of conspicuous consumption regarding counterfeits and luxury products amongst two different cultures. This has not been done in previous research; however, aspects such as conspicuous consumption regarding different cultures have been examined before. In those studies it became clear that there was a noticeable difference between the cultures regarding consumption. In this study, a survey has been carried out to collect data from the two cultures. This research questions previous theories and examines a new aspect of how conspicuous consumption behavior differs between cultures – the consumption of counterfeit and luxury goods.

This dissertation examines the relationship between women and economics in American Progressive Era through the discussion of selected works by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Kate Chopin, and Edith Wharton. The authors and texts included in the study together demonstrate how women responded to the economic development and the concept of the separate spheres at the-turn-into-the-twentieth-century America. Based on Thorstein Veblen¡¦s socio-psychological theory of the leisure class and the institutional economics and Gilman¡¦s analysis on the sexual-economic relationship in marriage, my discussion aims to investigate the interconnection between human relationships, women¡¦s economic values, and economic exchanges in business, focusing on the methods the three women writers employ to re/present how middle/upper-class women redefine womanhood and construct female subjectivity in an economic system that favors men. In my introductory chapter, I explain the historical background of the period, general concepts in Veblen¡¦s economic theory, and the motivation, methodology, and organization of the dissertation. Chapter Two, ¡§Veblenian Workmanship and Gilman¡¦s Woman-Made Land,¡¨ purports to cross-examine Gilman¡¦s Women and Economics and her utopian fiction Herland, aiming to show Gilman¡¦s optimistic view on women¡¦s emancipation from the private to the public. In Chapter Three, ¡§Barbarian Status of Women and Chopin¡¦s Feminism,¡¨ I discuss by Chopin¡¦s The Awakening the tension between women¡¦s growing sense of an autonomous self and men¡¦s adherence to the institutionalized habits of thought. My fourth chapter, ¡§Conspicuous Consumption and Society Women in Edith Wharton,¡¨ is a study on the relationship between the display culture in the consumer society and woman¡¦s role as the non-productive consumer in Edith Wharton¡¦s The House of Mirth and The Custom of the Country. The concluding chapter, along with general comparisons of the heroines, outlines major arguments in the whole thesis.

The literature on status, product symbolism, product involvement, and reference group influence is reviewed to conceptually define the Product Symbolic Status construct. The research consisted of two studies (N = 524) that examined 17 different product types to develop and validate the Product Symbolic Status (PSS) scale. The PSS scale is comprised of four facets: self-concept, impression management, lifestyle, and social visibility. The PSS scale consists of nine items which produced an average reliability of α = .90 and showed evidence of convergent and discriminant validity in MTMM analyses with the constructs of product value-expressiveness, product involvement, and product exclusivity/luxury. The PSS scale can also be used for brand symbolic status research. The marketing and advertising research implications are discussed.

With the continuous exploration of Chinese market’s potential, this promising and enormous market is becoming more and more crowded no matter in which industry. For example, in home furnishing industry, although the world leader - IKEA strived to implement its differentiation and cost leadership strategies that had brought tremendous success in the other markets worldwide, the company’s performance in this distinctive developing country had not progressed much, unlike other parts of the world. Thus, there must be some factors that foreign companies ignored, which led to this situation. That how Chinese think, what exactly trigger them to buy? There is little research on home furnishing industry regarding those questions inside Chinese market. In this article, through observation of the consumer behavior of Chinese people in the home furnishing industry, and focusing on the “mianzi” factor in Chinese consumer behavior, with a quantitative research method, to examine possible correlations with “mianzi” gaining. After a detailed linear regression through SPSS with data collected from 309 candidates both online and offline, the result shows that price and noticeability of home furnishing are key factors that let the Chinese consumer gain “mianzi”; further, lead to competitive consumption and conspicuous consumption, rather than the brand of the furniture.