The theory of constitutional pluralism suggests that interacting legal orders that are (or claim to be) constitutional in nature need not—and should not—necessarily be regarded as being hierarchically arranged, with one ‘on top of’ the others. Rather, the relationships between the orders can be conceived of heterarchically. However, there is an assumption in much of the literature that the ‘interface norms’ that regulate the relationships within such a heterarchy are universal by nature, capable of undifferentiated application across differing constitutional orders. This thesis examines whether interface norms are in fact universal by nature, or whether they are relationship- and context-dependent, taking as its field of study three interacting legal orders—those of Ireland, the European Union, and the European Convention on Human Rights. It uses an established model of constitutional pluralism based on ‘coordinate constitutionalism’ to test the assumption of universality across three constitutional frames: the ‘vertical’ relationship between Ireland and the European orders, the ‘horizontal’ relationship between the European orders, and the ‘triangular’ panoply of state, Union and Convention. Having analysed the interface norms at work in these relationships, both in isolation and in the round, the thesis concludes that these norms are not in fact universal, and that different conceptions of constitutional pluralism need to pay much greater attention to the specific nature of any given constitutional order and its relationship with other orders in the constitutional heterarchy.

The aim of the thesis is to address the jurisprudence of constitutional conflict between the Court of Justice and national courts with constitutional jurisdiction. It seeks to determine how the principle of primacy of EU law works in reality and whether the jurisprudence of the courts under analysis supports this concept. In so doing, the goal is to determine if the theory of constitutional pluralism can explain and guide the application of the principle of primacy of EU law in the jurisprudence of constitutional conflict. The analysis has been carried out on two levels. First, by exploring sovereignty claims by the courts under analysis, as well as reconciliatory vocabulary they employ to manage and contain constitutional conflict. Second, by further studying the three areas of constitutional conflict - ultra vires review, identity review, and fundamental rights review - to provide more nuance in the analysis of the way the Court of Justice has expanded the self-referential system of the Treaties; the different limits that constitutional adjudicators have placed on the principle of primacy as a result; and what possible solutions they envisage in the event of a constitutional conflict. All the courts under analysis have employed the vocabulary of mutual respect and self-restraint as principles guiding the resolution of constitutional conflict. Constitutional conflict is managed through incremental and permanent contestation and accommodation of their opposing claims to sovereignty (the auto-correct function of constitutional pluralism) that results in the uniform interpretation and application of Union law, but keeping in line with conferral as its defining principle. The analysis demonstrated the existence of a heterarchical constellation - the potential of all the courts involved for being ranked in a number of different ways at different times - grounded in mutual respect and self-restraint.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2018-01-03T20:34:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rayanne_Alves_Monteiro.pdf: 1103266 bytes, checksum: 9bbefaa17133a45d00976eac88d8eb9f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-03T20:34:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rayanne_Alves_Monteiro.pdf: 1103266 bytes, checksum: 9bbefaa17133a45d00976eac88d8eb9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-02 / The movement of personalization of Lawand the conception that every legal norm of the Brazilian legal system must inexorably follow the precepts relating to fundamental rights, embodied in the Federal Constitution of 1988, initiates the conception of Civil-constitutional Law and, consequently, changes the paradigm of family relationshipsand the scope of the guardianship by the State. The affectivity becomes the foundation of the family law. The new constitutional order establishes to the category of fundamental right,the special protection of the family by the State, accepting the porosity of an open and plural system in the constitution of the family entities.Given this new scenario,it is also understood that the theory of the efficiency of the fundamental rights is applied in the relations between private individuals. In face of these constitutional transformations, it is now understood that the relations marked by ostensibility, affectivity, stability and subjective good faith are considered families, therefore must be protected by the juridical order, irrespective of the form it takes. The open concept of family results in new pretensions, in which people are seeking the recognition of the simultaneous families. The discussion regarding the possibility of their recognition revolves around the multiplicity of the affective-sexual relationships. The initial step concerning the mentioned recognition is the affirmation that monogamy is a principle that has been slackened with the plural conception of the contemporary family.The Family, as a place of promotion of individuals, cannot suffer great restrictions by the State, which may only intervene to guarantee the dignity of its members, according to the principle of minimum intervention of the state. In face of legislative omission by the State, in recognizing the existence of the simultaneous family as a family arrangement compatible with the constitutional protection, it is up to the Legal State , by means of the application of the theory of efficiency of the fundamental rights in the private relationships, to compensate for the legislative omission, guaranteeing the recognition of the effects of personal and patrimonial nature of the simultaneous families as a way of reaching the purpose of conception of the eudemonist constitutional family, which is the quest for happiness and guarantee of dignity of the individuals who compose it . / O movimento de repersonalização do Direito e a concepção de que toda norma jurídica do ordenamento brasileiro deve inexoravelmente seguir os preceitos dos direitos fundamentais, inseridos na Constituição Federal de 1988, dá início à concepção do Direito Civilconstitucional e, consequentemente, muda o paradigma das relações familiares e da abrangência da tutela por parte do Estado. A afetividade passa a ser fundamento do direito de família. A nova ordem constitucional erige à categoria de direito fundamental a especial proteção da família pelo Estado, acolhendo a porosidade de um sistema aberto e plural na constituição das entidades familiares. Diante desse novo cenário, passa-se também a entender que a teoria da eficácia dos direitos fundamentais aplica-se nas relações entre os particulares. À frente dessas transformações constitucionais, passa-se a entender que as relações marcadas pela ostensibilidade, afetividade, estabilidade e boa-fé subjetivasão consideradas famílias, logo devem ser protegidas pelo ordenamento jurídico, independente da forma com a qual se revestem. O conceito aberto de família faz com que surjam novas pretensões, em que pessoas vêm buscando o reconhecimento das famílias simultâneas. A discussão quanto à possibilidade de seu reconhecimento gira em torno da multiplicidade das relações afetivo-sexuais. O passo inicial para o referido reconhecimento é a afirmação de quea monogamia é um princípio que vem sendo abrandado com a concepção plural da família contemporânea. A família, como lugar de promoção dos indivíduos, não pode sofrer grandes restrições por parte do Estado, que somente poderá intervir para garantir a dignidade dos seus membros, segundo o princípio da intervenção mínima do Estado. Na omissão do Estado-legislador, em reconhecer a existência da família simultânea como um arranjo familiar compatível com a proteção constitucional, cabe ao Estado-juiz,por meio da aplicação da teoria da eficácia dos direitos fundamentais nas relações privadas, suprir a omissão legislativa, garantindo o reconhecimentodos efeitos de cunho pessoal e patrimonial das famílias simultâneas como forma de alcançar-se a finalidade da concepção da família constitucional eudemonista, que é a busca da felicidade e garantia da dignidade dos indivíduos que a compõem.

JUDGE-MADE LAW COMPARISON BETWEEN THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Keywords: judge-made law; the European Union; the Court of Justice of the European Union; the Supreme Court of the United States; judicialization of governance; Kelsenian court; European constitutional space; European constitution; normativity; constitutional pluralism; sovereignty; federalism; post-communist states; new Member States of the European Union. Standard page (that is 1800 characters per page) and word count (including footnotes; without the contents, bibliography and annexes): 327 standard pages; 82 795 words. The Ph.D. thesis offers a complex reconceptualization of the constitutional system in the European Union. The constitutional systems of the Member States have been substantially transformed during the 20th century. Meanwhile a new constitutional system functioning in the Member States alongside their own systems has emerged - the constitutional system of the European Union. These two fundamental changes are difficult to grasp through an existing theoretical framework. That is because the framework is based on a set of outdated concepts: (i) Rousseau's concept of volonté générale that forms the basis of the parliamentary supremacy in a constitutional system; (ii)...

Le MERCOSUR est la plus grande entité économique de l'Amérique latine. Ces dernières années, des nouveaux États ont intégré cette institution. Ces nouveaux membres amènent l'arrivée de nouvelles formes de constitutionnalisme, intitulées pluriel. Comment le MERCOSUR fera t-il face à ces nouveaux changements ? Comment fera t-il pour profiter de ce nouveau souffle et comment montrera t-il au monde les idées apportés par les changements ? Le MERCOSUR a été créé dans le contexte de la globalisation, avec l'objectif de renforcer économiquement les États de l'Amérique latine. Cette intégration régionale se montre hautement structurée avec un système juridique et institutionnelle propre, issue des traités et des protocoles qui définissent les modes de coopération entre les États parties. Il est important de signaler que la création de ce bloc s'est inspiré du modèle de l'Union Européenne. Les derniers changements survenu en Amérique latine, ont modifié les lignes directrices du MERCOSUR. Le constitutionnalisme pluriel, apportés par les nouveaux membres de l'intégration sud font renaître les idéologies des peuples autochtones. Le pluri-nationalisme latin, met en valeur le Pachamama et le Buen Vivir. Le MERCOSUR, principalement économique, est une structure découlant de l'eurocentrisme, instauré en Amérique du Sud, depuis les années 1500. Il est en cours de mutation car accompagne maintenant les changements constitutionnelle du continent, avec la renaissance des idéologies originaires et autochtones des États latino-américains. / MERCOSUR is the largest economic entity in Latin America. Last years, the new states have incorporated this institution. These new members bring the arrival of new forms of constitutionalism, entitled plural. How will he do MERCOSUR face these new changes? How will it be to enjoy this new life and how he will show the world the ideas brought by the changes? MERCOSUR was created in the context of globalization, with the aim to economically strengthen the Latin American States. This regional integration shows highly structured with a legal and institutional system, derived from treaties and protocols that define the forms of cooperation among States Parties. It's important to note that the model of the European Union inspired the creation of this block. Recent changes occurred in Latin America, have altered the MERCOSUR guidelines. The plural constitutionalism, brought by the new members of the South integration is re-born the ideologies of indigenous peoples. Latin plurial-nationalism, showcases the Pachamama and the Buen Vivir. MERCOSUR, mainly economic, is a structure resulting from Eurocentrism, introduced in South America since the 1500s. It's changing because the new form of constitutionalism revives the old ideologies of indigenous peoples, with the unique standards of Latin America. / O MERCOSUL é a principal integração econômica da América Latina. Nos últimos anos, novos Estados passaram a fazer parte desta instituição e trouxeram novas formas de constitucionalismo conhecido como plural ou multicultural. Diante dessa nova realidade, indaga-se : Como o MERCOSUL enfrentará estas novas mudanças? Como administrará essas inovações e como mostrará ao mundo as ideias inovadoras trazidas pelas alterações constitucionais? Na realidade, o MERCOSUL foi criado no contexto da globalização mundial, com o objetivo de fortalecer economicamente os Estados latino americanos. Esta integração regional mostra-se altamente estruturada, com um sistema legal e institucional, derivado de tratados e protocolos que definem as formas de cooperação entre os Estados membros. É importante notar que a criação deste bloco fora inspirado no modelo da União Europeia. As recentes mudanças na América Latina, em seu contexto geral, tem alterado as diretrizes do MERCOSUL. O constitucionalismo plural, trazido pelos novos membros da integração sul, é marcado pelas ideologias dos povos indígenas, que colocam em valor o plurinacionalismo, revivendo os valores ancestrais através da Pachamama e do Buen Vivir. O MERCOSUL é uma instituição principalmente econômica e sua estrutura é resultante de eurocentrismo introduzido na América do Sul desde os anos 1500. Os novos ideais latinos, vão de encontro a antiga estrutura, uma vez que visam o renascimento das ideologias dos povos nativos latino americanos.