Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar influências da NBR 15.575 sobre o processo de projeto de edificações residenciais e, visando ao melhor atendimento dos requisitos introduzidos pela Norma Brasileira de Desempenho, propor ações de melhoria em uma empresa incorporadora e construtora nas áreas e processos relacionados à aplicação dessa mesma Norma. Com esta finalidade foi utilizado primeiramente o método de Estudos de Caso com o objetivo de identificar como as exigências da Norma Brasileira de Desempenho têm encorajado alterações no processo de projeto de seis empresas incorporadoras e construtoras, tidas como contratantes, levantando boas práticas e possíveis dificuldades encontradas neste contexto. Procedeu-se a aplicação de questionários e a realização de entrevistas com representantes de escritórios de projeto, empresas fabricantes e um auditor/consultor de Gestão do Sistema de Qualidade, com o intuito de identificar o posicionamento destes outros intervenientes perante a nova realidade. A análise das informações obtidas nos estudos de caso forneceu bases para que, num segundo momento, pudesse ser aplicado o método Pesquisa-ação em uma sétima empresa incorporadora e construtora (R). Analisando os resultados obtidos, constatou-se que a maior parte das empresas entrevistadas na primeira etapa metodológica ainda não conhece o desempenho das edificações que até então projetou ou produziu. Visando atender às exigências apresentadas na NBR 15.575, algumas ações puderam ser identificadas, entretanto, muitas dificuldades vêm sendo encontradas. Por outro lado, na segunda etapa metodológica verificou-se que a aplicação da Pesquisa-ação na empresa R possibilitou aos seus colaboradores uma melhor compreensão do texto e das exigências da norma, favorecendo discussões e a geração de ideias, permitindo consequentemente o planejamento e a implementação de ações de melhoria para o processo de projeto. Concluiu-se que os impactos diretos e as principais influências da NBR 15.575 sobre o processo de projeto constituem-se: (1) na maior evidência que sua exigibilidade proporciona à necessidade de considerar as normas técnicas na elaboração de projetos, no desenvolvimento e na construção de edificações residenciais; (2) no incentivo ao acréscimo de qualidade nas edificações ao relevar as exigências de usuários; e (3) na criação de oportunidades para que ganhos corporativos significativos sejam atingidos, estimulando a comunicação, o trabalho colaborativo e a visão sistêmica dos envolvidos. / This study was carried out in order to identify possible influences of the standard NBR 15.575 on the design process of residential buildings and to propose improvements for processes and departments of a real estate developer and construction company aiming to better meet the requirements introduced by the \"Brazilian Standard for Performance\". First, case studies were conducted in order to identify how the requirements presented in the text of the standard have encouraged changes in the design process of six real estate and construction companies, taken as contractors of design projects. In this context, the best practices and possible obstacles met by these companies were identified. Questionnaires and interviews were also applied to three designers, two manufacturers and one auditor/consultant of Quality Management System to assess their positioning towards the new regulatory environment. The analysis of the information obtained from the case studies has given basis to the application of the method called Action research on a seventh real estate and construction company (R) in a second moment. After analyzing the results, it was found that most of the companies interviewed in the first methodological step do not know about the performance of the buildings that they previously constructed. To meet the demands presented in the text of NBR 15.575, some actions could be identified; however, many difficulties have been encountered. On the other hand, in the second methodological step it was found that the implementation of the Action research in R company has allowed its employees to better understand the text and the requirements presented by the NBR 15.575, promoting discussions and generating ideas. As a result, it has allowed planning and implementation of improvements on the design process. It was concluded that the direct impacts and the main influences of ISO 15.575 on the design process are: (1) the reinforcement to the need of considering technical standards on building design, on development and on construction of residential buildings; (2) the encouragement to increase quality in buildings once considering the users´ demands; and (3) the creation of opportunities to significant gains at the corporate level by stimulating communication, collaborative work and the systemic view to those involved.

The goal of this master’s thesis is a construction design of an electric kick bike with the motor builded in the axle of the rear wheel. The thesis consists of theoretical part, which is describing electric kick bikes used today and the possibility of motorization. The next part is a construction design with necessary calculations and formulas.

Leichtbau beabsichtigt, die Funktion des Produkts bei gleichbleibendem Gewicht zu steigern (Wiedemann 2007). Leichtbaugerechtes Konstruieren verbessert die Funktionserfüllung bei konstantem Gewicht oder senkt das Gewicht bei gleicher Funktionserfüllung. Da auf Produkte neben der Erdbeschleunigung auch noch weitere Beschleunigungen und damit Kräfte wirken, ist nicht das Gewicht, sondern vielmehr die Masse neben der Funktion die entscheidende Eigenschaft, die im Leichtbau optimiert werden soll. Um folglich Produkte leichtbaugerecht zu konstruieren, müssen diese sowohl funktions- als auch massegerecht konstruiert werden. Die funktions- und massegerechte Konstruktion von Produkten kann den Energieverbrauch eines Produkts, wie z. B. den Kraftstoffverbrauch eines Fahrzeugs, reduzieren und damit dessen ökonomische und ökologische Eigenschaften verbessern (Ponn & Lindemann 2011). Zusätzlich zur Massenreduzierung kann eine verbesserte Massenverteilung die physische Belastung des Produktnutzers reduzieren, indem Kräfte und Momente, die durch die Masse auf den Nutzer ausgeübt werden, minimiert werden. Außerdem kann eine bessere Massenverteilung weitere dynamische Produkteigenschaften verbessern, z. B. höhere erreichbare Kurvengeschwindigkeiten eines Kraftfahrzeugs. Die Massen- und Trägheitsmomentreduzierung kann außerdem höhere Beschleunigungen ermöglichen (Ponn & Lindemann 2011). Zu einem ganzheitlichen leichtbau- und damit funktions- und massegerechten Konstruieren gehört folglich die Betrachtung der Masse, der Massenverteilung und des Trägheitsmoments.

Treffen unterschiedliche Welten und Meinungsbilder aufeinander, so sind Missverständnisse und Kommunikationsprobleme unvermeidbar. Während Erstere aus den unterschiedlichen Wissensständen und Randbedingungen resultieren, ergeben sich die Kommunikationsprobleme aus den differenzierten Definitionen und Einstellungen der jeweiligen Fronten. Dieser Umstand lässt sich durch einem Blick auf die Weltgeschichte an vielen, teilweise äußerst dramatischen und einflussreichen Ereignissen leicht belegen. In der Auswirkung deutlich kleiner, aber dennoch nicht unkomplizierter sind aus Missverständnissen und Kommunikationsproblemen resultierende Konflikte im beruflichen Umfeld (Badke-Schaub & Frankberger 2004). Beispiel hierfür ist die Zusammenarbeit von Konstruktion und Design, zweier verwandter aber dennoch verständnisverschiedener Fachdisziplinen, die in der Entwicklung technischer Produkte ihren Ursprung haben. [... aus dem Text]

The vibration control of composite beams and plates subjected to a travelling load is studied in this dissertation. By comparing the controlled as well as uncontrolled responses of classical and refined structural models, the influence of several important composite structure properties which are not included in the classical structural model is revealed. The modal control approach is employed to suppress the structural vibration. In modal control, the control is effected by controlling the modes of the system. The control law is obtained by using the optimal control theory. Comparison of two variants of the modal control approach, the coupled modal control (CMC) and independent modal-space control (IMSC), is made. The results are found to be in agreement with those obtained by previous investigators. The differences between the controlled responses as well as actuator outputs that are predicted by the classical and the refined structural models are outlined in this work. In conclusion, it is found that, when performing the structural analysis and control system design for a composite structure, the classical structural models (such as the Euler-Bernoulli beam and Kirchhoff plate) yield erroneous conclusions concerning the performance of the actual structural system. Furthermore, transverse shear deformation, anisotropy, damping, and the parameters associated with the travelling load are shown to have great influence on the controlled as well as uncontrolled responses of the composite structure. / Ph. D.

Recent years has seen a significant drive away from traditional procurement routes with contractors finding themselves with an increasing responsibility for control of design - a process they have had little experience in managing. They now have to adapt accordingly. The learning curve is steep, not least because many projects must now be delivered fast track while co-ordinating increasingly complex fabric and content of buildings without a platform of accepted good practice to manage the design process. This is a major factor preventing the UK construction industry from delivering projects on time, to budget and to the specified quality. There is a need to educate an increasing number of people in design management techniques to equip them to manage today's fast moving and demanding projects. However, many current design management tools are insufficiently developed for industry application. Therefore, to improve design management in the industry, current techniques must be modified to align them with the needs of the modern design manager. This research has developed and tested a training initiative aimed at improving design management practice within a major UK Design and Construct Contractor. It comprises a Design Management Handbook, Design Management Training, Team Support and Project Monitoring. The Design Management Handbook is the core of the training initiative. It addresses critical aspects of design management practice and provides design management tools. Training provides guidance to project teams on the tools and practices. In Team Support project teams are supported in the implementation of the new practices and tools to help embed new ways of working in company practice. Project Monitoring establishes the impact of the new practices on project performance to demonstrate that they are working and thus reinforce change. To establish the training initiative's effectiveness and key findings, the impact of the initiative on design management performance has been explored. The research has established which practices and tools were used, which were not, as well as an understanding the applicability and performance of each Handbook practice and tool. From this, barriers to implementing new design management tools in industry were identified and strategies developed in order to overcome such barriers.

Práce se zabývá změnou výrobního procesu výroby tlakového zásobnku system Common Rail. Předmětem práce je take návrh a úprava upínacího přípravku pro výrobu kovaných tlakových zásobníků pro obráběcí centra ELHA.

I en projektering är det många aktörer som behöver samarbeta och tillsammans med att ta fram handlingar för att producera en byggnad. Det är en komplicerad process med många infallsvinklar och åsikter som behövs ta med i beaktning innan ett välfungerande resultat kan nås. Under de senaste åren har det uppmärksammats i tidigare studier hur kommunikationen under denna process inte alltid är så välfungerande som det hade önskats. I denna studie har en undersökning genomförts för att undersöka vid vilka tillfällen kommunikationen brister under projekteringen samt alternativa lösningar angående hur en förbättrad kommunikation kan ske mellan de berörda aktörerna. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur väl kommunikationen fungerar i dagsläget. Detta uppnås genom att studera under vilka tillfällen kommunikationen anses vara bättre i jämförelse när det anses finnas rum för förbättringar. Studiens mål var att lämna över ett antal förslag som en entreprenad ska kunna implementera i projekteringen för att få en mer sammanhållen projekteringsgrupp med färre missförstånd och irritationer.   Av kvalitativ karaktär har denna studie genomförts med en nulägesanalys, insamlad teori samt datainsamling i form av intervjuer. I nulägesanalysen studerades hur projekteringen fungerade i dagsläget och vad för kommunikationsverktyg som används för stunden. Den inkluderande teorin i denna studie har tagits med i avseende av att antingen bidra till datainsamlingen eller diskussionen i avlutningen för att stötta de förslag som rekommenderas i slutsatsen. Datainsamlingen har skett via genomförandet av intervjuer i samarbete med entreprenadföretaget In3prenör samt projektörer som har varit underentreprenörer till In3prenör i minst ett projekt. Personerna som deltog i intervjustudien har alla varit eller är aktiva inom projekteringen i någon roll. Resultaten delas upp i tre olika stycken dagens situation, kommunikation och förbättringsförslag. Dagens situation fokuserar på att hitta aktiviteter eller tillfällen då respondenterna anser att kommunikationen fungerar väl och när det finns förbättringsmöjligheter. Här var det tydligt att just kommunikationen inom projekteringsteamet samt med beställaren var en utmaning för många och där finns det behov för förbättring. Fortsättningsvis i avsnittet kommunikation jämförs de olika kommunikationsverktygen som används i dagsläget för att höra tankar och åsikter om deras olika för- och nackdelar. Fysiska möten ansågs då som det bästa alternativet medan mejl har en tendens att försvinna och telefonsamtal saknar spårbarhet. I förbättringsförslagen valdes fyra olika kommunikationsmetoder ut Big Room, I.C.E, Scrum och Kanban. Respondenterna föredrog Big Room och I.C.E över Scrum och Kanban med anledning att man utnyttjar alla inom projekteringsteamets kunskaper och skapar mer samarbete inom gruppen. Arbetet resulterade i 3 förslag en entreprenad möjligtvis skulle kunna implementera: Spelregler i ett tidigt stadie: Sätta sig ner med hela projekteringsteamet för att från ett tidigt skede sätta spelgregler angåend kommunikation och andra relevanta ärenden tillsammans. Projektstudio: Införskaffa en projektstudio för de större disciplinerna som exempelvis arkitekten och konstruktören. Skaffa en förståelse för den gemensamma portalen: Spendera en tid att skaffa förståelse och strukturera upp portalen för enklare kommunikation. / In a construction design process, many participators need to collaborate and together produce documents to construct a building. It is a complicated process with many angles and opinions that need to be considered before a well-functioning result can be reached. In recent years, attention has been drawn in previous studies to how communication during this process is not always as well-functioning as would have been desired. This study has been carried out to investigate at what times the communication is lacking during the design process as well as alternative solutions regarding how improved communication can take place between the actors involved. The purpose of this study was to investigate how well communication is dealt with in the present. This is achieved by studying the occasions when communication is considered to be better in comparison when there is room for improvement. The study aimed to submit several proposals that a contractor should be able to implement in the design to have a more cohesive design group with fewer misunderstandings and irritations. Of a qualitative nature, this study has been conducted with a current situation analysis, reveiwed theory and data collection in the form of interviews. The current situation analysis studied how the design process worked in the current situation and what communication tools that are currently used. The theory in this study has been included in terms of either contributing to the data collection or the discussion in the conclusion to support the recomenden proposals. The data collection has taken place through the conduct of interviews in collaboration with the construction company In3prenör and designers who have been subcontractors to In3prenör in at least one project. The people who participated in the interview study have all been or are active in the design process in some role. The results are divided into three different sections, the current situation, communication and improvement proposals. Today's situation focuses on finding activities when respondents believe that communication works well and when there are opportunities for improvement. Here it was clear that communication within the design team and with the client was a challenge for many and there is a need for improvement. The section on communication continues to compare the different communication tools that are currently used to hear thoughts and opinions about their various advantages and disadvantages. Physical meetings were then considered the best option, while emails tend to disappear and telephone calls lack traceability. In the improvement proposals, four different communication methods were presented Big Room, I.C.E, Scrum and Kanban. The respondents preferred Big Room and I.C.E over Scrum and Kanban since they utilize the knowledge from everyone within the design team and create more collaboration within the group.   The work resulted in 3 proposals a contractor could implement: Set rules within the design team at an early stage: In an early stage decide on communication rules and other relevant preferences for the design team.  Project studio: Acquire a project studio for the major disciplines sucha as the architect and the constructor.  Gain an understanding of the common portal: Spend time understanding and structuring the portal for easier communication.

Design of new evolution steel welded tubular frame specified for Formula Student series is the main goal of this thesis. In the first instance, type of frame designs is described. Next part of thesis is devote to rules, which must be respected in designing of new evolution of tubular frame. In main part, construction design and calculations of torsional stiffness using MKP analysis are mentioned. Interesting point of this work is located at penultimate part, which deals with preparation of tubular frame production. This is integral part of the construction process at all. Thesis ends with project summary.

El sector de la industria de la construcción en el Perú, a diferencia de otras industrias se caracteriza por tener una alta variabilidad debido a la poca industrialización con la que cuenta, asimismo el crecimiento de este sector se asocia directamente al crecimiento económico del país, ya que es una fuente generadora de empleo. Uno de los aspectos favorables que tiene este sector se muestra cuando la inversión pública o privada se incrementa, pues reacciona casi de inmediato.  Sin embargo, el sector de la construcción siempre ha sido asociado a un mal desempeño. Debido a la baja productividad del trabajador de construcción civil, el sector construcción tiene baja productividad y calidad; actualmente esta perspectiva del trabajador de construcción está cambiando yaqué aquellos trabajadores que quieren formar parte del sector es necesario que estén en el RETCC (Registro De Trabajadores de Construcción Civil); con el cual se busca la formalización del trabajador, capacitación, especialización y ejercer cargos sindicales dentro del sector. Es sabido que la actividad de construcción es un trabajo de alto riesgo, el mismo que se ha visto incrementado por que en muchas obras se realizan trabajos en condiciones inseguras aumentando el numero de accidentes dentro de las obras, si bien esta situación ha ido cambiando poco a poco por la toma de conciencia del factor seguridad y la supervisión permanente del ministerio de trabajo lo cual es beneficioso, pero genera presión sobre los trabajadores y el personal calificado lo cual a veces provoca que no se den soluciones apropiadas para los problemas del día a día en obra. En adición a los problemas antes mencionados la mala o poca planificación de las obras generan la baja productividad de estas, así, por ejemplo, es muy común en las obras que los materiales o equipos necesarios para la ejecución de una actividad no lleguen en forma oportuna, situación completamente predecible si es que se tuviera una adecuada planificación. Gran parte de los problemas antes mencionados son debidos a la falta de una adecuada planificación de las obras El objeto de la presente investigación es demostrar que la planificación de obras mediante una herramienta como el Lean Construction (herramienta que proviene de la metodología Lean Production de la industria automotriz de la Toyota de los anos 50 , que ha sido adaptada a la industria de la construcción), puede ayudar a un aumento de la productividad y por tanto reducir plazos de ejecución de obra , costos de producción, así como mejorar la calidad y seguridad en el proceso de ejecución de las obras. Es pues el objetivo final de este trabajo demostrar como aplicando herramientas del “Lean Construction” como es el “Last Planner” a un proyecto determinado en este caso a la parte estructural del proyecto de construcción de la ampliación de la clínica medica Cayetano Heredia puede lograrse una mejor planificación de la obra que a su vez lograra cumplimiento o reducción del plazo de obra, así como mejora en los costos de producción ( ahorro en materiales al disminuir desperdicios, ahorro en mano de obra al tener previstas las necesidades logísticas y los procesos), estas últimas (resultados económicos) demostrados mediante la medición de la mejora de los indicadores financieros ( Van y Tir ) aplicados tanto a la programación tradicional como a la programación resultante de la utilización del “Last Planner”. / The construction industry sector in Peru, unlike other industries, is characterized by high variability due to the little industrialization it has, and the growth of this sector is directly associated with the economic growth of the country, since which is a source of employment generation. One of the favorable aspects of this sector is shown when public or private investment increases, as it reacts almost immediately. However, the construction sector has always been associated with poor performance. Construction has always been seen as a poorly productive and dubious quality sector given the low specialization of workers in the sector; Currently this perspective of the construction worker is changing because those workers who want to be part of the sector need to be in the RETCC (Civil Construction Workers Registry); which seeks the formalization of the worker, training, specialization and exercise union positions within the sector. In addition, the sector has been classified as a high-risk activity due to the numerous accidents that from time to time come to public light and are caused by the unsafe conditions in which the workers work, creating uncertainty about the working conditions in which workers perform. The principal characteristic of the sector is the pressure of work that all workers must endure, including the construction team, which means that appropriate solutions to the problems that arise on the ground are not always given, mainly because they live day to day. In addition to the aforementioned problems, poor or little planning of works generates low productivity, for example, it is very common in works that the materials or equipment necessary for the execution of an activity do not arrive in a timely manner. , a completely predictable situation if there is adequate planning. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate that construction planning using a tool such as Lean Construction (a tool that comes from the Lean Production methodology of the Toyota automotive industry of the 1950s, which has been adapted to the automotive industry). construction), can help increase productivity and therefore reduce work execution times, production costs, as well as improve quality and safety in the work execution process. It is therefore the final objective of this work to demonstrate how applying “Lean Construction” tools such as the “Last Planner” to a specific project in this case to the structural part of the construction project of the Cayetano Heredia medical clinic extension can be achieved better planning of the work that in turn will achieve compliance or reduction of the work deadline, as well as improvement in production costs (savings in materials by reducing waste, saving in labor by having planned logistics needs and processes) , the latter (economic results) demonstrated by measuring the improvement of the financial indicators (Van and Tir) applied both to the traditional programming and to the programming resulting from the use of the “Last Planner”. / Trabajo de investigación