Parents with children diagnosed with autism face a variety of stressors. The typical approach to dealing with these stressors is pathological which focuses on the problem by attempting to eliminate or alleviate the stressors through counseling, behavioral therapy, tutoring, and/or drugs. The purpose of the current study was to assess an alternative approach, a constructional one, which focuses on solutions by teaching 3 parents to analyze their life, formulate goals, and develop programs to reach their goals building off of their strengths and assets. The by-product is the reduction or elimination of the stressors. The results suggest that the use of a constructional program is very effective in helping parents develop a new repertoire that will ultimately improve their overall quality of life.

In a study involving two languages: French and Arabic, this thesis examines the patterns and meanings of Arabic religious expressions as a code alternation practice in Algerian television interviews. It is concerned with investigating what participants may accomplish by selecting Arabic over French in some points of interaction to deploy religious expressions in their utterances. It also aims at exploring what the function is that these expressions may achieve for the organization of talk-in-interaction. Based on their manifestation in the participants’ utterances, the current study identifies four categories of the use of religious expressions in Algerian media talk where they appear as: transition words to switch to Arabic to keep going on in interaction; in adjacency pairs as a result of a reciprocal invocation between participants; devices to hold the floor and continue turns in interaction; and finally, signals for closing turns and shifting topics where a speakership change or a move to a new topic is possible.

Argument marking prepositions in German are part of more complex structures referred to here as verb-preposition combinations (verb-PPs), e.g. warten auf ('to wait for') and pochen auf ('to insist on'). The preposition auf ('on') attaches to a wide range of verbs to form such combinations in which auf encodes different semantic relations that elude concrete description. Nevertheless, previous research in valency theory and related approaches could identify patterns in the distribution of verb-PP[subscript 'auf'] combinations (Eroms 1981, 1991, Lerot 1982, Bouillon 1984, Domínguez Vázquez 2005), based on perceived similarities in the meaning of the governing verbs. Cognitive linguistics provides insights into seemingly opaque senses of prepositions by analyzing them as motivated by metaphorical meaning extension (Brugman 1988, Lakoff 1987, Meex 2001, Liamkina 2007). Finally, generative approaches scrutinize the semantic relationships between verbs and their PP-arguments and systematize them under the concept of semantic roles (Fillmore 1968, Rauh 1993). However, none of these approaches can fully account for the distribution of verb-PPauf combinations in German. This dissertation proposes a novel approach towards identifying and analyzing the distributional patterns of verb-PP[subscript 'auf'] combinations by applying insights from Frame Semantics (Fillmore 1982, 1985) and Construction Grammar (Goldberg 1995, 2006). Goldberg's theory of argument structure constructions already served as a model for analyzing auf as a partially schematic argument structure construction encoding the meaning 'future orientation/future event' (Rostila 2007). Based on a large amount of corpus data, I show that such generalizing accounts are better arrived at by employing a usage-based bottom-up approach to verb-PP[subscript 'auf'] combinations. I argue that the detailed semantic and syntactic information provided by the lexical database FrameNet for each lexical unit can be used to identify distributional patterns and to describe them in detail. Furthermore, I argue that integrating the verb-PP[subscript 'auf'] combinations and the frames they evoke into a hierarchical lexical-constructional network allows us to discover substantiated generalizations about these combinations while at the same time preserving the description of their idiosyncratic features. / text

Os aços de construção mecânica, estão sujeitos a bandeamento microestrutural. Microestruturas bandeadas em aços ao carbono e aços de baixa liga são consequência da microssegregação de elementos de liga gue ocorreu durante a solidificação do lingote original. O tratamento mecânico a quente subsequente, alinha a dendrita primária e após resfriamento, os produtos de transformação, guardarão o mesmo alinhamento. Esta microestrutura é prejudicial quando presente em barras laminadas a quente. Para o aço estudado, SAE 8620 laminado, apresentando uma microestrutura bandeada, foi desenvolvido um ciclo de tratamento de homogeneização com a finalidade de remover esta estrutura e após, as amostras homogeneizadas foram normalizadas para eliminar o superaquecimento consequente. É possivel, eliminar o bandeamento em aços ao carbono e aços de baixa liga mediante ciclos usuais de tratamento térmico. / The mechanical construational steels, are subject microstuctural banding. Banding microstructure in wrought carbon and low alloy steels is consequence of the microsegregation of alloying elements which occurred during the solidification of the original lingot. Subsequent hot work process aligns the former dendrite and after cooling, the transformed products will keep the same tipical alignment. This microstructure is deletérias when present in the hot rolled bars. The steel tipe studied was, SAE 8620, hot rolled and showing a banded structure. A homogenization treatment cicie was developed, to remove this banding. Normalizing heat treatment carried ou t to eliminate the resultant overheating in the homogenized samples. It! s possible to eliminate the banding in low alloy steel and carbon steel finished by means of usually heat treatment.

Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-04-12T19:33:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) VERSÃO FINAL _Rossana Rocha.pdf: 1322384 bytes, checksum: 9eeb652158a79eca361ee4b3f69417e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-04-19T14:45:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) VERSÃO FINAL _Rossana Rocha.pdf: 1322384 bytes, checksum: 9eeb652158a79eca361ee4b3f69417e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-19T14:45:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) VERSÃO FINAL _Rossana Rocha.pdf: 1322384 bytes, checksum: 9eeb652158a79eca361ee4b3f69417e5 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta tese levanta, descreve e analisa o esquema LocVconect, representado pelas microconstruções aqui está, lá está, aí vem, lá vai, aí vem e aí está. Tais usos, formados pela ordenação locativo verbo, são levantados no banco de dados do site Corpus do Português. Embasados nos pressupostos teóricos de Bybee (2010), Traugott e Trousdale (2013), Diewald (2002), Croft (2001), entre outros, confirmamos que: (i) o esquema LocVconect se configura como construcionalização gramatical do português, atuando como elemento de conexão; (ii) os contextos específicos de ocorrência de Loc e de V motivam os distintos usos, que surgem de mudanças sucessivas em pequenos passos, rumo à configuração do esquema LocVconect; (iii) as combinações aqui está, lá está, aí vem, lá vai, aí vem e aí está se apresentam em uma trajetória de abstratização, desde o uso ainda referencial do locativo e do verbo até o uso como uma construção conectora; (iv) há níveis distintos de vínculo semântico-sintático dos subcomponentes das referidas combinações que ratificam a microconstrução aí está como membro exemplar da categoria. Esta tese visa a contribuir para o maior conhecimento dos aspectos funcionais envolvidos no uso das construções com locativos em língua portuguesa e, em âmbito maior, para a investigação dos mecanismos que motivam mudanças construcionais e construcionalização / This thesis raises, describes and analyzes the LocVconect schema, represented by microconstructions aqui está, lá está, aí vem, lá vai, aí vem and aí está. Such uses, formed by the locative verb ordering, were collected from the Corpus of Portuguese database. Based on the theoretical assumptions of Bybee (2010), Traugott and Trousdale (2013), Diewald (2002), Croft (2001), among others, we confirm that: (i) the LocVconect schema is configured as a grammatical constructionalization of Portuguese, functioning as a connection element; (ii) the specific contexts of occurrence of Loc and V motivate the different uses, which arise from successive changes in small steps towards the LocVconect schema; (iii) aqui está, lá está, aí vem, lá vai, aí vem and aí está combinations are on a trajectory of abstratization, from the still referential use of the locative and the verb to the connector construction use; (iv) there are different levels of semantic-syntactical relationship of the subcomponents of those combinations that confirm the aí está micro-construction as an exemplary member of the class. This thesis aims to contribute to the better understanding of the functional aspects involved in the use of constructions with locative in Portuguese, and more widely for the investigation of the mechanisms that motivate constructional changes and constructionalization

Diploma thesis deals with constructional design of an experimental fixed-bed reactor for biomass combustion research. This device is designed to facilitate good control of the combustion process and collection of quality data, particularly temperature, pressure, gas composition and mass loss. Obtained data is for creating mathematical models of combustion of solid biomass in the fixed-bed.

The main target of this diploma thesis was to make suggestion orientation and movement product, this solution describe, make calculation and draw drawings documentation.

Very few behavior-change programs with canines produce effects that persist beyond the training condition. The present study is an experimental demonstration of a constructional program that established calm patterns of behavior as alternatives to hyperactive ones. Three dogs that exhibited hyperactive patterns were chosen as subjects. Seven conditions common to canine-caretaker relationships were used to determine which factors resulted in the hyperactive patterns. Then, sitting and lying down were taught as beginning points using touch as a reinforcer. The final behavior, maintained by naturally occurring reinforcers, was established errorlessly. The study used a control-analysis strategy of behavior change with a changing-criterion design. The intervention resulted in an immediate reduction in hyperactivity and an increase in sitting and lying down for all dogs.

Feral and fearful cats and kittens in animal shelters are not likely to be adopted as companion animals because they emit fearful or aggressive behaviors in the presence of humans. The purpose of the fearful to friendly (F2F) research was to investigate a shaping procedure to increase friendly behaviors of feral and fearful domestic cats and kittens with the goal of achieving animal shelters’ adoptability criteria. The results showed the F2F procedure was a safe and very effective procedure to quickly tame feral kittens deemed unadoptable. The day after implementing F2F, three out of four kittens approached me and accepted petting and holding without any additional training.

Under the competitive situation of globalization, the competition and challenges that the enterprises are confronting now are more rigorous than in the past. The PCB industries in Taiwan had ever ranked the third biggest in the world. However, on account of the shifting of the manufacturing bases in the worldwide, in 2002 the PCB output value in China had taken the place of Taiwan and become the third biggest in the world. And in the course of PCB industry development in China, the PCB enterprises from Taiwan had also participated in it early or late. The main inducing reasons were because of the undeveloped markets, low labor and land cost. When the arising of new and developing markets has made the scale of the enterprises expand from the arrangement of single area (Taiwan) into regional areas (Asia), the management range of the enterprise has also expanded at the same time and the management and cost problems it derived and the related problems caused by the management risks due to obscure information will be coming up. Therefore, how to connect the nerve center of the enterprise with each subsidiary, logistic warehouses, customers and suppliers of the group and integrate and set up the information network of upper and lower reaching customers and manufacturers and subsidiary and establish a set of mode suitable for the implement of information plans of the group and for the organization management so as to achieve the goals of fast information obtaining, policy making and real-time reaction and enable the overall arrangement of globalization to elaborate multiple effects, which is the purpose of the study. The study has analyzed the management of supply chain, the global planning and management mode and the application and development of information technology and also proceeded extensive analysis and research from the industrial structure, characteristics of PCB and its future competition superiority. Under the information goal of enhancing enterprise¡¦s competition superiority, the study has proposed related suggestions from the organization and management dimensions and information technology and application support dimension. 1. On the organization dimension and the plan of organization functions, achieve centralized planning so as to conform to the company¡¦s overall biggest profits; to maintain and implement of the subsidiary in each area to conform to the effects of localization and discrepancy; to avoid excessive centralized management which will cause the ineffectiveness of operation in each subsidiary or the excessive independence of the area which will cause the difficulties of the overall information establishment standardization and integration. Therefore, in addition to the original vertical framework, it has increased the planning of investigation organization functions (horizontal organization) so as to assist to help with the management and operation among between multi-site companies. 2. On the management dimension, it has developed modes from information system according to five stages of work: (1) the system planning stage (2) the system analysis stage (3) the system development stage (4) the conduction stage of system duplication and (5) system maintenance stage to scheme discussion topics like multi-area resources integration, multi-area coordinated collaboration system and multi-area rights and duties of labor division to be developed into an information construction management mode. 3. On the dimension of information technology and application support, according to the trade object and trade conduct of the enterprise, it has advanced the framework o f enterprise¡¦s information operation strategy and logistics management. Besides, it has conferred the framework of the information integration according to the aspect of resources sharing among the group¡¦s subsidiary so as to achieve the goals of supporting enterprise¡¦s strategy development and management optimization. Eventually it has proposed the blueprint of PCB industry system construction, the steps of system construction, and the constructional labor division mode of information among regional subsidiary of the group to be offered for the trade to refer to this framework under such global operation strategy and logistics management to develop the information system of supporting the enterprise¡¦s core competition superiority.