The objective of the work is to evaluate the achieved level of development of consumer protection, in particular in the European and Czech context, as well as to analyse the current state of consumer protection in the Czech Republic, with a special emphasis on the analysis of the actual protection and enforcement of consumers' rights in the Czech Republic. The following three working hypotheses are set out in the work: Hypothesis No. 1: The pre-condition for enforcing consumer protection is improving on a world wide scale. Hypothesis No. 2: The consumer policies of the Czech Republic respect the European principles of consumer protection, and form the framework for the effective enforcement of consumers' rights. Hypothesis No. 3: The actual enforcement of consumers' rights depends not only on the working of the relevant state authorities, but also on the level of knowledge among the consumers, and their willingness and ability to enforce their rights. The work is divided into four basic parts. The first part is devoted to the theoretical solutions, and the economic context of consumer protection. It attempts to answer the question of whether consumer protection has some theoretical justification. The text shows that the substantiation of consumer protection consists, in particular, in the levelling of informational asymmetry, which is one of the most frequent causes of market failure. Therefore, it is consumer protection in the form of state intervention in the economy which reduces dis-equilibrium on the market. The second part analyses the development of consumer protection, and evaluates the state of consumer protection in the world and European context. The world context is understood in the global scale, and its analysis should confirm, or overturn, the first working hypothesis. Upon analysis of the relevant data it may be stated that the findings of this part of the work confirm the first hypothesis. Ever more countries belong to that group of countries which can provide their citizens with a high standard of consumer protection, such as that normally envisioned in U.N. policy. The European context is viewed through the prism of our membership in the EU, and its analysis is vital to understanding the state of consumer protection in the Czech Republic. The third part of the work is devoted to the analysis of the development and evaluation of consumer protection in the Czech Republic; together with the previous part, this part provides sufficient basis for the evaluation of the second hypothesis. It must be said that, with a few small exceptions, the legislative provisions for the protection of consumers in the Czech Republic are completely harmonised with consumer protection legislation in the whole EU, in other words, the European framework of consumer protection is completely respected. On the other hand, more detailed analyses of the development of consumer protection in the CR, and analysis of government consumer policy, has revealed certain reservations in this area. The second hypothesis, then, could be confirmed; nonetheless, in the creation of an effective framework for the enforcement of consumers' rights, there is still some room for improvement. The fourth part concentrates mainly on the evaluation of research among consumers, which should confirm, or overturn, the third hypothesis. The research was questionnaire based, and, subsequently, there were processed questionnaires from 313 respondents. The results were interpreted in connection with demographic factors, such as: age, education, sex and profession. Analysis of these results confirms the third hypothesis. That concerns, mainly, the willingness, knowledge and ability of the consumers, which have significant influence on the actual enforcement of their consumer rights. These attributes are individual qualities, which do not play any significant role in following demographic characteristics.

Les consommateurs disposent d’une rationalité limitée et sont sujets à divers biais cognitifs. La thèse étudie les conséquences des biais de rationalité sur le comportement des consommateurs ainsi que les implications sur la politique de consommation. Chacun des trois chapitres de la thèse est consacré à un biais particulier (surestimation de la qualité, erreurs d’anticipation de l’utilité, biais de projection) dans un contexte concurrentiel déterminé. Les deux premiers chapitres sont bâtis sur des modèles de duopole standards auxquels sont intégrés des biais de rationalité : le premier est un duopole avec différenciation horizontale inspiré de Dixit (1979), tandis que le second envisage un modèle de différenciation verticale adapté de Gabszewicz & Thisse (1979). Le troisième chapitre étend à trois périodes la modélisation du biais de projection proposée par Loewenstein et al. (2003). J’aboutis à la conclusions que, si les biais cognitifs conduisent dans certains cas à des choix sous-optimaux (chapitres 1 et 2), les consommateurs naïfs peuvent également être avantagés par rapport aux agents sophistiqués (chapitre 3). Ce constat plaide en faveur d’une intervention circonstanciée et mesurée sur le marché. Enfin, des recommandations de politiques économiques sont formulées: je prône une approche renouvelée du droit de la consommation, qui ne serait plus fondé principalement sur l’information du consommateur mais davantage sur des mesures de redressement cognitif. Des exemples de mesures concrètes sont discutés tout au long de la thèse. / Consumers have bounded rationality and exhibit cognitive biases. The thesis studies the consequences of such biases on consumer choice and implications on consumer policy. Each chapter of the thesis investigates one specific bias (quality bias, utility misperception and projection bias) in a given market structure. The first two chapters focus on stan- dard duopoly models, in whichcognitive biases are incorporated: I build a horizontally differentiated duopoly based on Dixit (1979)in chapter 1, and a vertically differentiated duopoly inspired by Gabszewicz & Thisse (1979) in chapter 2. As for the third chapter, it extends to three periods, in a monopolistic framework, the projection bias model proposed by Loewenstein et al. (2003). I come to the conclusion that, while cognitive biases sometimes lead to suboptimal consumption decisions (chapters 1 and 2), naive consumers can be better off than their sophisticated counterparts(chapter 3). This observation pleads in favor of a non-systematic and context dependant legal intervention to counter cognitive errors. I argue in favor of a new approach of consumer policy, that would focus less on information disclosures in favor of debiasing schemes. Examples of such debiasing policies are discussed throughout the thesis.

Goal of the dissertation work: to identify steps in the implementation proces of the Hazard Analysis Critical and Control Point by micro and small entrepreneurs in the Czech Republic in the bakery and pastryfields. This is based on scientific research results in order to create a suggestion for the introduction of the changes which follow the consumer policy in the European Union do they apply the production of the abovementioned entrepreneurs

This thesis explores how the topic of sustainable consumption has been discussed in Swedish policy-making between 1992–2022 by analysing policy documents including government official reports, government bills and government communications. The aim of the thesis is to understand how consumption has been discussed and problematised from a sustainability perspective in Sweden over time. The analysis is conducted through a qualitative policy analysis drawing from Carol Lee Bacchi’s approach ‘What’s the Problem Represented to be?’ to scrutinise how problems of consumption are represented in Swedish policy. The result shows that the sustainability aspect of consumption has moved from focusing exclusively on environmental issues in the 1990’s to include all three dimensions of sustainability (economic, environmental and social) in the 2010’s. There is no unanimous and clear definition of sustainable consumption in the documents. Rather, the definition of the term can best be interpreted through what areas and measures that are discussed, which vary over time. The proposed measures show a varying degree of state involvement in changing consumption patterns, however, there are no coercive measures which leaves it to the individual consumer to choose whether to consume sustainably or not. The main conclusion of this study is that Swedish sustainable consumption policy has been based on the assumption of growth as a prerequisite for welfare, and of consumption as a prerequisite for growth, which has resulted in a maintenance of the growth paradigm and an avoidance of questioning the scale of consumption and the consumer society itself.