Ce travail développe une théorie contextuelle du statut moral des animaux qui concilie les exigences morales de l'impartialité et l'importance des relations de vulnérabilité et de partialité. A partir d'une analyse de la notion de statut moral comme ensemble d'obligations directement dues aux animaux, la théorie se décline en deux volets principaux: un modèle descriptif et un modèle normatif d'attribution du statut moral, tous deux . « duels» : le statut moral dépend de propriétés intrinsèques (typiquement des capacités) et de propriétés extrin-sèques (typiquement des relations et un contexte) des entités moralement considérables. Le modèle normatif s'organise autour de deux grands principes : un Principe de Protection des Vulnérables et un Principe de Partialité Raisonnable, tous deux justifiés impartialement, conciliant ainsi l'exigence relationnelle et particulariste des éthiques du care et l'exigence d'impartialité de la justice. Les relations spéciales rendent certains animaux familiers irremplaçables et dotés d'un statut moral spécial. Cependant, un grand nombre d'animaux conscients mais non nécessairement conscients d'eux-mêmes et qui en outre ne participent pas à de telles relations sont également irremplaçables dans la mesure où ils ont une vie propre à mener, dont les humains peuvent retracer la narrativité. / This work presents a contextual theory of the moral status of animals which combines the demands of impartiality and the significance of relationships of vulnerability and partiality. From an analysis of the notion of moral status as a set of obligations directly owed to animals, a two-fold theory is spelled out: a descriptive model and a normative model of moral status attribution, which are both "dual": moral status depends on both intrinsic and extrinsic properties of morally considerable entities (typically, capacities on the one hand, relationships and context on the other hand). The normative model is built around two core principles : a Principle of Protection of the Vulnerable and a Principle of Reasonable Partiality, which are both impartially justified. The theory thus combines the relational and particularistic demands of care ethics and the impartial demands of justice. Special relationships make some companion animals irreplaceable and endowed with a special status. However, a great deal of animals who are conscious but not self-conscious, and who do not take part in such relationships, are nevertheless irreplaceable insofar as they have a life of their own to live, whose narrativity can be outlined by humans.

Much of the research on childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has utilized demographic factors (e.g., the gender, age, and race/ethnicity of the child victim) and specific characteristics of the abusive experience (e.g., the severity of abuse, the relationship between the perpetrator and the child victim, the child's age at the onset of abuse, etc.) as predictors of children's adjustment. Unfortunately, the ability of such factors to predict children's adjustment consistently across studies has been limited. Alternatively, while it has been recognized that survivors of CSA often hail from dysfunctional family environments and that the disclosure of CSA frequently results in emotional distress for caregivers, less research has focused on how these factors may serve to influence sexually abused children's adjustment. This study included 163 sexually abused youth and their non-offending caregivers who completed measures of psychological adjustment and the family environment. Demographic information and abuse-related characteristics were also collected. Children's age, gender, and race/ethnicity were not significantly predictive of emotional adjustment. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the direct and indirect effects of total abuse severity, caregiver distress, and children's perceptions of their family environments as predictors of emotional adjustment. Results indicated that both children's perceptions of their family environments and total abuse severity were significantly predictive of children's emotional adjustment, whereas caregiver distress did not have significant direct or indirect effect on adjustment. Finally, the implications of these findings for future research and the development of effective interventions for sexually abused children and their families was discussed

No description available.

No description available.