La France est constellée de plus de 2 000 festivals de musiques qui représentent des enjeux socio-économiques importants en péril du fait de la combinaison d'une réduction des financements et d'une hausse des charges. Bien loin d'être anecdotique, ce constat trouve un écho particulier au regard du chercheur en Sciences de Gestion qui voit dans ces festivals des cas extrêmes d'organisations aujourd'hui omniprésentes : les Organisations Temporaires (OT). La recherche s'oriente alors sur la compréhension de l'articulation entre continuité organisationnelle et management logistique dans les OT, dans l'optique d'identifier l'impact de cette relation sur la pérennité d'OT récurrentes, à l'image des festivals de musiques, mais aussi des interventions humanitaires ou militaires. La question de recherche suivante est alors posée : "Comment la continuité organisationnelle et le management logistique peuvent-ils contribuer conjointement à la pérennité d'une organisation temporaire ?". La thèse s'appuie sur une méthodologie qualitative d'étude de cas de festivals de musiques actuelles et se scinde en deux temps : un premier, focalisé sur la continuité organisationnelle, conduit à la mise en évidence d'un phénomène pulsatoire d'évolution de la structure et des modes de coordination, puis un second, orienté sur le management logistique, note la place centrale des compétences logistiques dans la pérennité des OT. Il ressort de la thèse que l'un des enjeux pour les gestionnaires de festivals de musiques actuelles réside dans le développement, la conservation, et la mobilisation de compétences logistiques, principalement durant des phases transitoires en amont et en aval des événements. / Today, France is dotted with more than 2 000 music festivals, which represent important social and economic issues, threatened by the combination of a funding decreasing and charges increasing. Far from trivial, this finding has a special resonance for the management researcher who saw these music festivals as an extreme case of pervasive organizational form: the Temporary Organizations (TO). In this context, the thesis work on understanding the articulation between organizational continuity and logistics management in the TO to try to identify the impact of this relation on continuation of TO with repetitive projects like music festivals but also like humanitarians or military interventions. A research question can then be asked: " How organizational continuity and logistics management can they jointly contribute to the continuation of a temporary organization ?". The thesis is supported by a qualitative methodology based on four case studies of French actual music festivals and is split in two parts: the first one focused on the organizational continuity and highlight a pulsatory phenomena which lead to evolutions of the structures and the ways of coordination in the organization, the second part is focused on the logistics management and show the strategic place of the logistics competencies on the continuation of TO. At the end, the thesis show that one of the most important challenge for music festival managers resides in the development, the conservation, and the mobilisation of specifics logistics competencies, especially in transitional phases in upstream and downstream of the events.

abstract: The holomorphic embedding method (HEM) applied to the power-flow problem (HEPF) has been used in the past to obtain the voltages and flows for power systems. The incentives for using this method over the traditional Newton-Raphson based nu-merical methods lie in the claim that the method is theoretically guaranteed to converge to the operable solution, if one exists. In this report, HEPF will be used for two power system analysis purposes: a. Estimating the saddle-node bifurcation point (SNBP) of a system b. Developing reduced-order network equivalents for distribution systems. Typically, the continuation power flow (CPF) is used to estimate the SNBP of a system, which involves solving multiple power-flow problems. One of the advantages of HEPF is that the solution is obtained as an analytical expression of the embedding parameter, and using this property, three of the proposed HEPF-based methods can es-timate the SNBP of a given power system without solving multiple power-flow prob-lems (if generator VAr limits are ignored). If VAr limits are considered, the mathemat-ical representation of the power-flow problem changes and thus an iterative process would have to be performed in order to estimate the SNBP of the system. This would typically still require fewer power-flow problems to be solved than CPF in order to estimate the SNBP. Another proposed application is to develop reduced order network equivalents for radial distribution networks that retain the nonlinearities of the eliminated portion of the network and hence remain more accurate than traditional Ward-type reductions (which linearize about the given operating point) when the operating condition changes. Different ways of accelerating the convergence of the power series obtained as a part of HEPF, are explored and it is shown that the eta method is the most efficient of all methods tested. The local-measurement-based methods of estimating the SNBP are studied. Non-linear Thévenin-like networks as well as multi-bus networks are built using model data to estimate the SNBP and it is shown that the structure of these networks can be made arbitrary by appropriately modifying the nonlinear current injections, which can sim-plify the process of building such networks from measurements. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2017

Orientador: Dílson Amâncio Alves / Banca: Carlos Roberto Minussi / Banca: Francisco Villarreal Alvarado / Banca: Vivaldo Fernando da Costa / Banca: Walmir de Freitas Filho / Resumo: O fluxo de carga convencional é considerado inadequado para a obtenção do ponto de máximo carregamento devido a singularidade da matriz Jacobiana. Os métodos da continuação são ferramentas eficientes para a solução deste tipo de problema, e diferentes parametrizações são utilizadas para evitar a singularidade da matriz. Neste trabalho apresentase uma técnica de parametrização geométrica que possibilita o traçado completo das curvas PV sem os problemas de mal condicionamento. A técnica proposta associa a robustez com a simplicidade e a facilidade de compreensão. A singularidade da matriz Jacobiana é eliminada pela adição da equação de uma reta que passa por um ponto no plano formado pelas variáveis perdas de potência ativa totais e o fator de carregamento, dois parâmetros físicos de fácil compreensão. A técnica, aplicada aos sistemas do IEEE (14, 30, 57, 118 e 300 barras) e ao sistema brasileiro sul-sudeste (638 e 787 barras), mostra que as características do fluxo de carga não só são preservadas, mas também melhoradas. Diversos testes são realizados para proporcionar a comparação do desempenho do esquema de parametrização proposto para o método do fluxo de carga continuado. / Abstract: The conventional Newton's method has been considered inadequate to obtain the maximum loading point of power systems due to the Jacobian matrix singularity. Continuation methods are efficient tools for solving this kind of problem, and different parameterizations are used to avoid the matrix singularity. This paper presents a new geometric parameterization scheme that allows the complete tracing of the PV curves without ill-conditioning problems. The proposed technique associates the robustness to the simplicity and easy understanding. The Jacobian matrix singularity is overcome by the addition of a line equation, which passes through a point in the plane, determined by the real power losses and loading factor variables, two parameters with clear physical meaning. The application of this new technique to the IEEE systems (14, 30, 57, 118 and 300 buses) and to the Brazilian systems south-southeast (638 and 787 buses) shows that the characteristics of the conventional Newton's method are not only preserved but also improved. Several tests are carried out to compare the performance of the proposed parameterization scheme for the continuation power flow method. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 magalhaes_em_me_ilha.pdf: 455261 bytes, checksum: c5f0181b55df616b30443981a524ebbc (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho apresenta o método de Newton desacoplado para o fluxo de carga continuado. O método foi melhorado por uma técnica de parametrização geométrica possibilitando assim o traçado completo das curvas P-V, e o cálculo do ponto de máximo carregamento de sistemas elétricos de potência, sem os problemas de mau condicionamento. O objetivo é o de apresentar de forma didática os passos envolvidos no processo de melhoria do método de Newton Desacoplado a partir da observação das trajetórias de solução do fluxo de carga. A técnica de parametrização geométrica que consiste na adição de uma equação de reta que passa por um ponto no plano formado pelas variáveis: tensão nodal de uma barra k qualquer e o fator de carregamento eliminam os problemas de singularidades das matrizes envolvidas no processo e ampliam o grupo das variáveis de tensão que podem ser usadas como parâmetro da continuação. Os resultados obtidos com a nova metodologia para o sistema teste do IEEE (14, 30, 57, 118 e 300 barras) e também para os sistemas reais de grande porte, o 638 barras do sistema Sul-Sudeste brasileiro e do sistema de 904 barras do sudoeste Americano, mostram que as características do método convencional são melhoradas na região do ponto de máximo carregamento e que a região de convergência ao redor da singularidade é sensivelmente aumentada. São apresentados vários testes com a finalidade de prover um completo entendimento do funcionamento do método proposto e também avaliar seu desempenho / This work presents the decoupled Newton method for continuation power flow. The method was improved by using a geometric parameterization technique that allows the complete tracing of P-V curves, and the computation of maximum loading point of a power system, without ill-conditioning problems. The goal is to present in a clear and didactic way the steps involved in the development of the improved decoupled Newton method obtained from the observation of the geometrical behavior of power flow solutions. The geometric parameterization technique that consists of the addition of a line equation, which passes through a point in the plane determined by the bus voltage magnitude and loading factor variables, can eliminate the ill-conditioning problems of matrices used by the method and can enlarge the set of voltage variables that can be used as continuation parameter to P-V curve tracing. The method is applied to the IEEE systems (14, 30, 57, 118 and 300 buses) and two large real systems: the south-southeast Brazilian system (638 buses) and the 904-bus southwestern American system. The results show that the best characteristics of the conventional decoupled Newton’s method are improved in the vicinity of the maximum loading point and therefore the region of convergence around it is enlarged. Several tests are presented with the purpose of providing a complete understanding of the behavior of the proposed method and also to evaluate its performance

Submitted by Carolinne Stefane Souza (ssouza.carolinne@gmail.com) on 2018-02-23T20:46:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Repositorio.pdf: 1968665 bytes, checksum: 81a4dfcb3e59ddb820eadef680510a59 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-02-26T17:20:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_cs_me_sjrp.pdf: 1968665 bytes, checksum: 81a4dfcb3e59ddb820eadef680510a59 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-26T17:20:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_cs_me_sjrp.pdf: 1968665 bytes, checksum: 81a4dfcb3e59ddb820eadef680510a59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal investigar condições que garantam a existência de soluções periódicas para certos tipos de equações diferenciais funcionais com retardamento e condições que garantam a permanência das soluções dessas equações. A teoria do grau coincidente será a principal ferramenta utilizada para obter os resultados referentes à existência de solução periódica. Por essa razão, uma atenção especial a essa teoria será dada nos primeiros capítulos. Resultados inéditos sobre permanência de soluções serão exibidos no último capítulo e ilustrados com exemplos numéricos. / The main objective of this work is to investigate conditions that guarantee the existence of periodic solutions to certain types of functional differential equations with delay and conditions that guarantee the permanence of the solutions of those equations.The coincidence degree theory will be the main tool used to obtain the results concerning the existence of periodic solution. For that reason, a special attention to that theory will be given in the first chapters. New results on the permanence of solutions will be shown in the last chapter and illustrated with numerical examples.

Orientador: Carlos Alberto de Castro Junior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T10:34:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BedrinanaArones_ManfredFritz_D.pdf: 1647623 bytes, checksum: f89c901f587a4c3d6782711069ca801c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa é desenvolver uma metodologia robusta e eficiente para o fluxo de carga da continuação ótimo multiobjetivo. O fluxo de carga da continuação se presta à obtenção de um contínuo de pontos de operação da rede para carga e geração variáveis e a determinação do máximo carregamento do sistema. A associação do fluxo de carga da continuação com procedimentos de otimização leva em conta que, para cada ponto de operação da rede, as variáveis de controle disponíveis podem ser ajustadas em valores tais que otimizem algum critério. Na realidade, pode haver o interesse em otimizar mais de um critério, e o procedimento de otimização passa a ser multiobjetivo. No desenvolvimento do trabalho foi abordada a análise de estabilidade de tensão, para isto foram propostas técnicas para o cálculo rápido do ponto de máximo carregamento incorporando técnicas de corte de carga e fluxo de carga da continuação usando técnicas híbridas. Um fluxo de carga ótimo foi proposto para a análise de sistemas malcomportados e singularidades usando métodos de pontos interiores e otimização de passo. O fluxo de carga da continuação ótimo proposto inclui um passo corretor que se mostra eficiente com a inclusão do fluxo de carga ótimo com otimização de passo, e permitiu o traçado correto da trajetória de soluções ótimas considerando os limites de factibilidade do sistema. Os métodos de otimização incorporando restrições de complementaridade foram introduzidos na análise para verificar o desempenho do método proposto. O fluxo de carga da continuação ótimo multiobjetivo proposto inclui as técnicas anteriores e métodos para a obtenção de soluções Pareto-ótimas uniformemente distribuídas. Esta ferramenta computacional permite uma análise detalhada do comportamento de uma rede elétrica de potência no que diz respeito a uma série de aspectos da sua operação, e particularmente ao despacho da geração e estabilidade de tensão. O monitoramento do perfil de tensão e da margem de segurança com relação à estabilidade de tensão é um aspecto crítico para a operação segura de sistemas de potência modernos, que operam estressados nos picos de carga ou em contingências / Abstract: The goal of this research work is to propose a robust and efficient methodology for the multiobjective optimal continuation power flow. The continuation power flow is based on obtaining a continuum of Power system operating points for variable load and generation, allowing the analysis of operation conditions for each point and the determination of the maximum loading possible for which the system is still stable. The merging of continuation power flow and optimization procedures takes into account that the available control variables can be adjusted for each operating point, so as to optimize the operating conditions according to some criterion. Actually, more than one criterion may be optimized, and the procedure becomes multiobjective, requiring multiobjective programming tools. This computational tool allows a detailed analysis of power systems' behavior regarding many operation aspects, including voltage stability. Tracking the voltage profile and the voltage stability security margins are critical aspects for the secure operation of modern power systems that are permanently stressed / Doutorado / Energia Eletrica / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-29T11:44:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagosenradossantos.pdf: 1984679 bytes, checksum: 2ff29c748a0b456a4fc8b5df3e4ed994 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-05T14:38:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagosenradossantos.pdf: 1984679 bytes, checksum: 2ff29c748a0b456a4fc8b5df3e4ed994 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T14:38:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagosenradossantos.pdf: 1984679 bytes, checksum: 2ff29c748a0b456a4fc8b5df3e4ed994 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-27 / Este trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de um fluxo de potência continuado para análise de sistemas desequilibrados, denominado Fluxo de Potência Continuado a Quatro Condutores (FPCQ). A ferramenta proposta possibilita a representação explícita de cabos neutros e aterramentos, a representação de desequilíbrios tanto em cargas como em outros componentes das redes, de tal forma que a operação desbalanceada pode ser simulada. A metodologia proposta é aplicada em sistemas elétricos de distribuição e análises são realizadas. A metodologia proposta utiliza como base a estrutura do Método de Injeção de Correntes a Quatro Condutores, aproveitando algumas de suas características. Para o processo de continuação foi definida e implementada uma única etapa de execução, utilizando-se equações adicionais para considerar o incremento do carregamento ou a tensão como parâmetros de continuação. As equações de alguns equipamentos foram redefinidas a fim de ser possível a consideração do incremento do carregamento do sistema como variável. A ferramenta desenvolvida permite analisar diversas configurações de sistemas, sejam equilibrados ou desequilibrados, representação de ramais monofásicos e/ou bifásicos e diversas combinações de cargas, bem como a consideração explícita de cabos neutros e aterramentos. O FPCQ permite verificar questões de estabilidade estática de tensão em sistemas trifásicos a partir dos resultados de curvas de perfil de tensão em função carregamento e da determinação do ponto de colapso ou da margem de carregamento do sistema. Permite verificar os efeitos dos desequilíbrios dos sistemas e os impactos de sua representação detalhada nos resultados do fluxo de potência continuado. Como exemplo, a influência do aumento de carga nas tensões de neutro pode ser analisada. Os resultados obtidos pela metodologia proposta com representação trifásica e com representação apenas de sequência positiva foram comparados, com o objetivo de mostrar a importância de representar os sistemas com modelos mais precisos. Espera-se que a ferramenta desenvolvida permita realizar análises mais completas, especialmente em sistemas de distribuição, aumentando a qualidade dos resultados. / This work proposes the development of a continuation power flow technique (FPCQ) for unbalanced distribution systems. The proposed tool allows the explicit representation of the neutral cables and grounding, the representation of imbalances for both the loads and the network components in such a way that unbalanced operation can be simulated. The application of the present methodology in electrical distribution systems is carried out and analyzed. The proposed methodology is based on the structure of the Four Conductors Current Injection Method, taking advantage of some of its features. For the continuation power flow process, a single stage off implementation was defined and implemented, using additional equations to consider either the load increase or the voltage as a continuation parameter. Some equipment models were redefined to consider the load increase as a state variable. The proposed tool is able to analyze systems having single-phase, double-phase or three-phase lines, to represent the existing connections of balanced or unbalanced loads as well as its neutral and ground connections. The FPCQ allows checking static voltage stability considering the three-phase models adopted from the curves of voltages as a function of the load. The impacts of the detailed representation in the continuation power flow technique can now be analyzed. As an example, the influence of the load increase on the neutral voltages was possible to be analyzed. The results using the proposed methodology were compared to the ones obtained using the positive sequence approach in order to show the importance of representing the power systems using more accurate models. It is expected that the proposed tool will be useful one to perform simulations in distribution systems improving the quality of the results.

Orientadores: Maria Amélia Novais Schleicher, Joerg Dietrich Wilhelm Schleicher / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T12:48:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Coimbra_TiagoAntonioAlves_D.pdf: 11322080 bytes, checksum: 57d63d91892a162c542c0a1d25e3c08b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A operação para continuação de afastamento (Offset Continuation Operation - OCO) transforma um registro sísmico adquirido com um certo afastamento entre fonte e receptor, em um registro correspondente como se fosse adquirido com outro afastamento. O deslocamento de um evento sísmico sob esta operação pode ser descrito por uma equação diferencial parcial de segunda ordem. Baseado na aproximação WKBJ, deduzimos uma equação tipo iconal OCO que descreve os aspectos cinemáticos deste deslocamento em analogia a uma onda acústica, e uma equação de transporte que descreve a alteração das amplitudes. Baseado na teoria dos raios representamos uma forma de solução para a nova equação proposta. Notamos que operadores diferencias de transformação de configuração que corrigem o fator de espalhamento geométrico para qualquer afastamento, ao menos de modo assintótico, são novos na literatura. Baseados na cinemática da operação, propomos um operador de empilhamento multi-paramétrico no domínio não-migrado dos dados sísmicos. Esse empilhamento multi-paramétrico usa uma velocidade média, chamada de velocidade OCO, bem como outros parâmetros cinemáticos do campo de onda importantes. Por se basear na OCO, os tempos de trânsito usados neste empilhamento multi-paramétrico acompanham a trajetória OCO que aproxima à verdadeira trajetória do ponto de reflexão comum. Assim, os parâmetros extraídos servem para melhorar a correção do sobretempo convencional ou realizar correções correspondentes para afastamentos não nulos. Desta forma, é possível aumentar a qualidade das seções empilhadas convencionais de afastamento nulo ou até gerar seções empilhadas de outros afastamentos. Os parâmetros cinemáticos envolvidos ainda podem ser utilizado para construir um melhor modelo de velocidade. Exemplos numéricos mostram que o empilhamento usando trajetórias OCO aumenta, de forma significativa, a qualidade dos dados com uso de menos parâmetros que nos métodos clássicos / Abstract: The Offset Continuation Operation (OCO) transforms a seismic record with a certain offset between source and receiver in another record as if obtained with another offset. The displacement between a seismic event under this operation may be modeled by a second order partial differential equation. We base on the WKBJ approximation and deduce an OCO equation type-eikonal and a transport equation. The former decribes the kinematic features of this displacement, analogously to an acoustic wave, and the latter describes the change of the amplitudes. We present a solution for the proposed new equation, based on the ray theory. The differential configuration transformation operators that correct the geometric spreading for any common offset section (CO) in an asymptoptic way are a novelty in the literature. Based on the kinematics of the operation, we propose a multi-parametric stacking on the unmigrated data domain. This multi-parametric use stacking average velocity called OCO velocity and other kinematic parameters important field from waveform. Since it is based on OCO, travel times used in this multi-parametric stacking accompany OCO trajectory that approximates the true trajectory of the common reflection point (CRP). Thus, the extracted parameters are used to improve the precision of the moveout or to do corresponding corrections for nonzero offsets. Thus, it is possible to increase the quality of conventional sections stacked in zero offset or even generate stacked sections other common offsets. The kinematic parameters involved can also be used to build a velocity model better. Numerical examples show that the stacking using trajectories OCO increases, significantly, the quality of the data using fewer parameters than the classical methods / Doutorado / Matematica Aplicada / Doutor em Matemática Aplicada

Le premier objectif de cette thèse est de bien comprendre les propriétés de la dynamique du problème circulaire restreint des trois corps et de les utiliser pour calculer des missions pour satellites pourvus de moteurs à faible poussée. Une propriété fondamentale est l'existence de variétés invariantes associées à des orbites périodiques autour des points de \bsc{Lagrange}. En suivant l'idée de l'\emph{Interplanetary Transport Network}, la connaissance et le calcul des variétés invariantes, comme courants gravitationnels, sont cruciaux pour le \emph{design} de missions spatiales. Une grande partie de ce travail de thèse est consacrée au développement de méthodes numériques pour calculer le transfert entre variétés invariantes de façon optimale. Le coût que l'on cherche alors à minimiser est la norme $L^{1}$ du contrôle car elle est équivalente à minimiser la consommation des moteurs. On considère aussi la norme $L^{2}$ du contrôle car elle est, numériquement, plus facile à minimiser. Les méthodes numériques que nous utilisons sont des méthodes indirectes rendues plus robustes par des méthodes de continuation sur le coût, sur la poussée, et sur l'état final. La mise en œuvre de ces méthodes repose sur l'application du Principe du Maximum de Pontryagin. Les algorithmes développés dans ce travail permettent de calculer des missions réelles telles que des missions entre des voisinages des points de \bsc{Lagrange}. L'idée principale est d'initialiser un tir multiple avec une trajectoire admissible composée de parties contrôlées (des transferts locaux) et de parties non-contrôlées suivant la dynamique libre (les variétés invariantes). Les méthodes mises au point ici, sont efficaces et rapides puisqu'il suffit de quelques minutes pour obtenir la trajectoire optimale complète. Enfin, on développe une méthode hybride, avec à la fois des méthodes directes et indirectes, qui permettent d'ajuster la positions des points de raccord sur les variétés invariantes pour les missions à grandes variations d'énergie. Le gradient de la fonction valeur est donné par les valeurs des états adjoints aux points de raccord et donc ne nécessite pas de calculs supplémentaire. Ainsi, l'implémentation de algorithme du gradient est aisée. / The first objective of this work is to understand the dynamical properties of the circular restricted three body problem in order to use them to design low consumption missions for spacecrafts with a low thrust engine. A fundamental property is the existence of invariant manifolds associated with periodic orbits around Lagrange points. Following the Interplanetary Transport Network concept, invariant manifolds are very useful to design spacecraft missions because they are gravitational currents. A large part of this work is devoted to designing a numerical method that performs an optimal transfer between invariant manifolds. The cost we want to minimize is the $L^{1}$-norm of the control which is equivalent to minimizing the consumption of the engines. We also consider the $L^{2}$-norm of the control which is easier to minimize numerically. The numerical methods are indirect ones coupled with different continuations on the thrust, on the cost, and on the final state, to provide robustness. These methods are based on the application of the Pontryagin Maximum Principal. The algorithms developed in this work allow for the design of real life missions such as missions between the realms of libration points. The basic idea is to initialize a multiple shooting method with an admissible trajectory that contains controlled parts (local transfers) and uncontrolled parts following the natural dynamics (invariant manifolds). The methods developed here are efficient and fast (less than a few minutes to obtain the whole optimal trajectory). Finally, we develop a hybrid method, with both direct and indirect methods, to adjust the position of the matching points on the invariant manifolds for missions with large energy gaps. The gradient of the value function is given by the values of the costates at the matching points and does not require any additional computation. Hence, the implementation of the gradient descent is easy.

The Book of the Dead-Project Bonn started in the early 1990s. Prof Ursula Rößler-Köhler, who had previously laid the foundation for modern Book of the Dead studies by her work on BD chapter 17 applying the method of textual criticism, achieved a 10-year funding from the German Research Society (DFG). In 2004 the project was granted another 9-year funding by the Academy of Sciences and Arts of North Rhine-Westphalia. One aim of the project was to gather all available evidence of Book of the Dead manuscripts spread across collections around the world. Today, the archive comprises approximately 3000 records of BD sources. In 2012 the corresponding database, after undergoing a transfer from FileMaker to XML format in collaboration with the department of e-Humanities at the University of Cologne, was launched and made publicly available online. The data sets include various different kinds of information about the objects and the sets of BD spells and vignettes found on them. These are now easily accessible for statistic analyses such as evaluations of neighbouring spells and sequences or occurrences in specific locations or time periods. Furthermore, the database includes several metadata such as bibliographical information, translations of spells and a motif index. It is cross connected with other Egyptological databases such as Trismegistos and the Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae. After the project was completed at the end of 2012, the online database has been operating for a considerable amount of time with scholars using it and trying the several opportunities it provides. Now is the time for a first evaluation to actually see which functions of the database work well, which might have been ignored by users and what information the database could provide scholars with for their actual research. Naturally, there is a need for a continuous maintenance and update on new findings and the latest research. Furthermore it is important to understand which possibly missing functions or information the users wish to be included and if this is actually realisable. On the other hand, there might be opportunities for analyses that have not been fully understood and therefore have not been made use of. This presentation aims to address some of these issues concerning the BD online database and to gather ideas and possible collaborators for future BD project plans.