Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Heidelberg.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Greifswald.

Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-26T20:59:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_José Cicero da Mota.pdf: 1335216 bytes, checksum: 2cd353014c59579f44e44b184f49a768 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-09-27T14:21:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_José Cicero da Mota.pdf: 1335216 bytes, checksum: 2cd353014c59579f44e44b184f49a768 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-27T14:21:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_José Cicero da Mota.pdf: 1335216 bytes, checksum: 2cd353014c59579f44e44b184f49a768 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-22 / Essa dissertação faz um estudo sobre a história do contrabando e do descaminho nas fronteiras de Mato Grosso com a Bolívia e o Paraguai no período compreendido entre os anos de 1952 e 1979, buscando apreender algumas dimensões históricas das formas de representação da prática ilícita presentes nos discursos produzidos pela imprensa - artigos, propagandas, notícias. Embora a analise sobre o contrabando e descaminho seja o tema dominante, a pesquisa também busca compreender a formação da própria fronteira objeto do estudo, para isso, apesar do recorte cronológico ser entre os anos de 1952 a 1979, foi preciso recuar até ao período anterior a descoberta e ocupação de Mato Grosso para poder entender como se deu a formação fronteiriça entre os três países, bem como, a dinâmica da pratica de contrabando. O contrabando e o descaminho parece ter se constituído durante muito tempo a base das relações econômicas que se desenvolveram nessa região fronteiriça, no entanto, essa prática transcende o âmbito puramente economicista, configurando uma parte importante do conjunto de relações sociais que ocorreram ao longo da história entre as populações fronteiriças. / This dissertation is a study of the history of contraband and embezzlement of Mato Grosso border with Bolivia and Paraguay in the period between the years 1952 and 1979, and attempting some historical dimensions of the forms of representation of the unlawful practice produced discourses present in the press - articles, advertisements, news. Although the analysis on contraband and embezzlement is the dominant theme, the research seeks to understand the formation of the border itself the object of study for this, despite the chronological cut to be between the years 1952-1979, it was necessary to go back to the previous period the discovery and occupation of Mato Grosso in order to understand how was the training border between the three countries, as well as the dynamics of the practice of smuggling. The smuggling and contraband seems to have been established for a long time the basis of economic relations that have developed in this border region, however, this practice transcends the purely economic level, setting up a major part of all the social relations that have occurred throughout history between border populations.

A política de Portugal acerca de seu Império no Atlântico Sul é bastante consistente ao longo de toda a segunda metade do século XVII. Em face das dificuldades em torno de sua Restauração em 1640, a Monarquia Portuguesa desenvolverá um plano coerente de integração entre diversos pontos estratégicos espalhados pelo Oceano Atlântico. Serão eles o Brasil e sua produção de açúcar, a África e seu tráfico de escravos, e o Rio da Prata e seu contrabando de metal. Ao aspirar, para seu proveito econômico, o controle das rotas marítimas que integravam estes espaços entre si e com a Europa, disputando-as com outras potências, a Coroa de Portugal responderá aos desafios que a Restauração lhe impunha por meio de objetivos permanentes que, não obstante alterações conjunturais, serão desenvolvidos e perseguidos durante as décadas seguintes, até culminarem na fundação da Nova Colônia do Sacramento em 1680. / Portugal´s policy about its Empire in the South Atlantic is quite consistent during all the second half of the 17th century. Because of the difficulties around its Restoration in 1640, the Portuguese Monarchy would develop a coherent plan of integration between several strategic points spread in the Atlantic Ocean. They would be Brazil and its production of sugar, Africa and its slave trade, and the Rio de la Plata and its contraband of metals. By aspiring, for its own economic sake, the control of the maritime routes which integrated those places between themselves and with Europe, disputing them against other powers, the Crown of Portugal would answer the challenges imposed by the Restoration with permanent objectives which, despite changes in conjuncture, would be developed and pursued during the following decades, until its culmination in the foundation of Nova Colônia do Sacramento in 1680.

Offenders accepting contraband cell phones in secured facilities violate state corrections law, and the possession of these cell phones is a form of risk taking behavior. When offenders continue this risky behavior, it affects their decision making in other domains where they are challenging authorities; and may impact the length of their incarceration. This qualitative phenomenological study examined the lived experience of ex-offenders who had contraband cell phones in secured correctional facilities in order to better understand their reasons for taking risks with contraband cell phones. The theoretical foundation for this study was Trimpop's risk-homeostasis and risk-motivation theories that suggest an individual's behaviors adapt to negotiate between perceived risk and desired risk in order to achieve satisfaction. The research question explored beliefs and perceptions of ex-offenders who chose to accept the risk of using contraband cell phones during their time in secured facilities. Data were collected anonymously through recorded telephone interviews with 8 male adult ex-offenders and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Findings indicated participants felt empowered by possession of cell phones in prison, and it was an acceptable risk to stay connected to family out of concern for loved ones. The study contributes to social change by providing those justice system administrators, and prison managers responsible for prison cell phone policies with more detailed information about the motivations and perspectives of offenders in respect to using contraband cell phones while imprisoned in secured facilities.

A política de Portugal acerca de seu Império no Atlântico Sul é bastante consistente ao longo de toda a segunda metade do século XVII. Em face das dificuldades em torno de sua Restauração em 1640, a Monarquia Portuguesa desenvolverá um plano coerente de integração entre diversos pontos estratégicos espalhados pelo Oceano Atlântico. Serão eles o Brasil e sua produção de açúcar, a África e seu tráfico de escravos, e o Rio da Prata e seu contrabando de metal. Ao aspirar, para seu proveito econômico, o controle das rotas marítimas que integravam estes espaços entre si e com a Europa, disputando-as com outras potências, a Coroa de Portugal responderá aos desafios que a Restauração lhe impunha por meio de objetivos permanentes que, não obstante alterações conjunturais, serão desenvolvidos e perseguidos durante as décadas seguintes, até culminarem na fundação da Nova Colônia do Sacramento em 1680. / Portugal´s policy about its Empire in the South Atlantic is quite consistent during all the second half of the 17th century. Because of the difficulties around its Restoration in 1640, the Portuguese Monarchy would develop a coherent plan of integration between several strategic points spread in the Atlantic Ocean. They would be Brazil and its production of sugar, Africa and its slave trade, and the Rio de la Plata and its contraband of metals. By aspiring, for its own economic sake, the control of the maritime routes which integrated those places between themselves and with Europe, disputing them against other powers, the Crown of Portugal would answer the challenges imposed by the Restoration with permanent objectives which, despite changes in conjuncture, would be developed and pursued during the following decades, until its culmination in the foundation of Nova Colônia do Sacramento in 1680.

No description available.

Syftet med studien var att få ökad förståelse och kunskap om smugglingsbrottsligheten i Sverige. Vi studerade likheter och skillnader gällande nivå och utveckling av anmälda smugglingsbrott samt varor som smugglades i Stockholms kommun, Göteborgs kommun och Malmö kommun mellan år 2016-2023. Vi studerade även myndighetsdokument för att förstå vilka faktorer som enligt dem inverkade på smugglingsbrottsligheten i Sverige. Studien kombinerade beskrivande statistik över anmälda brott med en tematisk innehållsanalys av myndighetsdokument. Att dra tydliga slutsatser angående anmälda smugglingsbrott var komplext då smuggling är ett brott där anmälningar påverkades av myndigheternas satsningar. Trots detta fann vi likheter och skillnader mellan kommunerna där narkotika och en hög nivå av anmälda brott i Malmö var de mest dominerande dragen. Vår tolkning av de svenska myndigheternas dokument var att de ansåg att kontroller och geografisk plats hade en central betydelse för smugglingsbrottsligheten. / The purpose of the study was to gain increased understanding and knowledge of smuggling crimes in Sweden. We examined the similarities and differences in the level and development of reported smuggling crimes, as well as the types of goods smuggled, in the municipalities of Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö between 2016 and 2023. We also analyzed government documents to understand which factors, according to them, influenced smuggling crime in Sweden. The study combined descriptive statistics on reported crimes with a thematic content analysis of government documents. Drawing clear conclusions regarding reported smuggling crimes was complex, as smuggling is a crime where reports are influenced by government efforts. Despite this, we found similarities and differences between the municipalities, with drugs and a high level of reported crimes in Malmö being the most dominant features. Our interpretation of the Swedish government documents was that they considered controls and geographical location to be of central importance for smuggling crime.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:37:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 THIAGO ALMEIDA.pdf: 1951296 bytes, checksum: bf380a7566d6ea6fb4b624ce27d6ffc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present work aimed to study the composting of the tobacco of the cigarettes smuggled mixed with industrial sewage sludge into five piles. In three piles were used wood shavings as bulking agents and other two piles, gardening pruning. During the process, were performed physical and chemical analysis (temperature, humidity, pH, C/N ratio, ash content), biological (seed germination index) and spectroscopic (Ultraviolet-Visible and Infrared). Furthermore, they were verified the granulometry of the waste (tobacco, gardening pruning and wood shavings) to see if the particle sizes thereof were within the recommended range for composting processes. It was observed that the granulometry of the residues were adequate for achieving composting. All piles had temperatures in the thermophilic stage considered ideal for the elimination of pathogens. Phytotoxicity tests and analyzes of the C/N ratio showed that the compounds were matured at 180 days of the process. The increase in the ash content of the compounds over the course of the composting time indicated the mineralization of organic matter. The results of the spectroscopic analysis indicated that the composting process has occurred properly for all piles, because showed the degradation of the simple structures and the formation of complex groups (humic substances). The ratios E2/E4 suggested that initially occurred lignin degradation in the piles studied and that, especially in the curing phase, occurred the formation of non-condensed aromatic structures linked to oxygen function. The results of the ratios E4/E6 indicated that the piles had final values of these ratios similar to those observed for humic acids of the soil. The infrared results showed absorptions in the region 1647-1652 cm-1, this being a characteristic of humic compost. The set of results indicates that the composting using the tobacco of the contraband cigarettes and industrial sewage sludge, in the conditions developed in this work, is an environmentally suitable alternative for the treatment/reuse as much tobacco as sewage sludge. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a compostagem de tabaco de cigarros contrabandeados misturado a lodo de estação de tratamento de esgoto industrial em cinco leiras revolvidas. Em três leiras utilizaram-se cepilhos de madeira como agentes de volume e em outras duas, poda de jardinagem. Durante o processo, foram realizadas análises de físico-químicas (temperatura, umidade, pH, razão C/N, teor de cinzas), biológicas (índice de germinação de sementes) e espectroscópicas (Ultravioleta-Visível e Infravermelho). Além disso, verificaram-se as granulometrias dos resíduos (tabaco, poda de jardinagem e cepilhos de madeira) para saber se os tamanhos das partículas dos mesmos estavam dentro da faixa recomendada para processos de compostagem. Observou-se que as granulometrias dos resíduos estavam adequadas para a realização da compostagem. Todas as leiras apresentaram temperaturas na fase termofílica consideradas ideais para a eliminação de patógenos. Os testes de fitotoxicidade e as análises da razão C/N mostraram que os compostos estavam maturados nos 180 dias do processo. Ocorreram aumentos nos teores de cinzas dos compostos com o decorrer do tempo de compostagem, o que indicou a mineralização da matéria orgânica. Os resultados das análises espectroscópicas indicaram que o processo de compostagem estava ocorrendo de forma adequada para todas as leiras, pois demonstram a degradação de estruturas simples e a formação de grupos complexos (substâncias húmicas). As razões E2/E4 sugeriram que inicialmente ocorreu a degradação de lignina nas leiras estudadas e que, principalmente na fase de cura, ocorreu a formação de estruturas aromáticas não condensadas ligadas a funções oxigenadas. Os resultados referentes às razões E4/E6 indicaram que as leiras apresentaram valores finais destas razões semelhantes aos valores observados para os ácidos húmicos do solo. Os resultados de infravermelho demonstraram absorções na região de 1647 a 1652 cm-1, sendo isto uma característica de compostos humificados. O conjunto de resultados obtidos indica que a compostagem utilizando tabaco de cigarros contrabandeados e lodo de estação de tratamento de esgoto industrial, nas condições desenvolvidas neste trabalho, constitui-se como uma alternativa ambientalmente adequada para o tratamento/reaproveitamento tanto do tabaco quanto do lodo.

<div> <p>New information and communication technologies (ICTs), such as cell phones, email, and social media, have been transforming how social movements recruit, organize, participate in collective action, and experience repression. Yet, limited scholarship has addressed the uses of these technologies by social movements organizing within American prisons. Using a dialectical interpretive approach, I examine how a coalition of prisoners’ rights organizations uses ICTs to plan and participate in collective resistance across prison walls. The coalition, referred to here as the New Prisoners’ Rights Coalition (NPRC), organizes against low and no-wage prison labor, unhealthy and unsafe prison conditions, and inhumane prisoner treatment. The NPRC has a multi-platform public digital presence and mobilizes prisoner activists and free activists. Through narrative description, I summarize the ways NPRC activists use ICTs from December 2013 through September 2016, noting changes in ICT use over time and in response to movement repression. I find that new ICTs offer innovative ways for NPRC activists to record and document their environments, communicate privately, and communicate publicly. ICTs, however, do not remove all barriers to activism or ensure that activists’ concerns are resolved or even taken seriously. NPRC activists struggle to overcome stigma and mischaracterization online. They face physical repression, interpersonal hostilities, institutional sanctions, economic repression, legal sanctions, interpretive repression, surveillance, and monitoring. In different circumstances, the NPRC responds to repression by increasing ICT use, decreasing ICT use, going dark, migrating from one online platform to another, and shifting digital responsibilities from prisoner activists to free activists. I explain how, most of the time, the digital unreachability of the prison environment makes it difficult for NPRC activists to substantiate their claims of mistreatment, abuse, and injustice. Moreover, I consider how current prison technology policies may be inadvertently pushing NPRC activists into difficult-to-monitor online spaces and exacerbating safety concerns of corrections workers.</p></div>