Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Incivility is rudeness, disrespect, disregard for others or their opinions, and a barrier to social interaction that could be associated with stress. The lack of regard for others creates a disrespectful, conflicting, and stressful environment, which could be perceived as an attack on the individual‟s dignity, or sense of self-worth. According to reports, such behaviour could be increasing and affecting the welfare of educators, students, and the overall educational process. Nursing education has not been exempted from this behaviour. Therefore, incivility is a nursing problem, which affects all those involved, from the academics, students, clinicians, patients and families.

Det här kandidatarbetet handlar om hur åskådares identifiering med karaktärer i tv-serier kan vara en bidragande faktor till tv-serieberoende. Det finns ingen tidigare forskning kring denna typ av beroende, men paralleller går att dra till datorspels-beroende. Alltfler studier tyder dock på att beroendet av tv-serier ökar, och faktorerna till det är många. Identifiering med karaktärer är en av dem, då det finns flera identifieringstyper och band att skapa till en karaktär.För att se om det fanns ett samband mellan identifiering och tv-serieberoende, gjordes ett fokusgruppsamtal med fyra medietekniska kvinnor. Deltagarna bekräftade det som forskare hade hävdat, och medgav att identifiering med karaktärer var en av orsakerna till varför de kunde känna sig beroende. Min gestaltning, en skapad musikvideo av Aviccis låt Addicted to you, bygger därför på tidigare forskning, men blir bekräftad av fokusgruppens åsikter. Det finns ett beroende - inte bara mellan karaktärer och karaktärer, utan också mellan åskådare, karaktärer och tv-serier. / This bachelor thesis is about the viewers’ identity of TV series characters, if it can be a contributory key factor to TV series addiction. There is no previous research about this, however, some similarities can be drawn to video game addiction.By holding a focus group regarding the subject I was able to confirm what previous researchers had found out. The participants confessed that due to the bond they felt between themselves and the characters, they would feel as if they were addicted to the TV series they were watching.My final result is presented with my own edited music video with the track Addicted to you by Avicii, where I use previous research, my own research and my results to account during my edit. There is an addiction - not only between characters and characters, but also between the viewer, characters and TV series.

First of all, we want to inform the readers that this thesis is written in Swedish before addressing the abstract.The possibility to buy groceries online has been a possibility since 1996 in Sweden, but the growth of the service did actually begin a few years ago. The two latest years of shopping food online – e-grocery has become one of the most fast growing markets online, and it is still growing. More and more customers have been drawn to this type of alternative to shop food. It is a quite relatively new market in progress, both for consumers and companies and the online market has still a few obstacles to overcome, for instance the delivery time and the online payment. The consumer today is in a changing phase and starts to see the advantages of buying groceries online. In this research the barriers and advantage factors have been identified towards the online grocery shopping, in ability to examine the situation today.In order to find these barriers and the advantages of e-grocery, a case study with ICA City in Borås was an optimal approach. With the help of ICA City's digital customers, a qualitative study with focus groups was performed and a quantitative data collection with questionnaires was made. The purpose of the qualitative research was to identify barriers and the advantage factors, and the quantitative study was to measure their importance of these. These barriers and advantages have been placed against the purchase decision process to identify when and how the consumers are affected.The conclusion of this study resulted in both old and new barriers against e-Grocery. E-Grocery needs to be better developed; especially when it comes to the interface, it needs to be user friendlier, as well as inspirational. The groceries online, is today inadequate, which affects many consumers' and the shopping experience. The trading strategy must be adapted to the digital customer, which leads to the conclusion of a need for a better and stronger website to attract more and loyal customers. The biggest advantages for e-Grocery in this research were the conveniences and the time the consumers save, on not having to go to a physical store and shop for food. Many of the participants who participated saw the benefit of the e-Groceries availability, when they could buy food whenever and wherever. / Att handla mat på nätet är något som har funnits möjlighet att göra sedan 1996, men det var först för några år sedan som det började växa kraftigt. De två senaste åren har försäljningen av mat online ökat kraftigt, och fler kunder lockas till detta alternativa sätt att handla mat. Det är en relativt ny marknad för både konsumenter och företag. Det finns många faktorer som hindrat kunder, men dessa barriärer är nu i en förändringsfas och konsumenterna börjar se de främjande faktorer som den digitala mathandeln tillför framför barriärerna. I denna forskning har barriärer och främjanden faktorer mot digital mathandel mäts för att se hur de ser ut idag.För att kunna ta reda på dessa barriärer och de främjande faktorerna blev ansatsen och tillvägagångssättet en fallstudie på ICA City i Borås. Med hjälp av ICA Citys digitala kunder utfördes en kvalitativ studie med fokusgrupper och utifrån den en kvantitativ insamling med ett frågeformulär. Syftet med den kvalitativa undersökningen var att identifierade barriärer och främjande faktorer, och med hjälp av den kvantitativa studien i mäta deras betydelse. Dessa barriärer och främjanden faktorerna har sedan placerats ut efter den köpbeslutsprocess för att identifiera när och hur konsumenten blir påverkad.Slutsatsen av studien resulterade i att de barriärer som funnits förr börjar försvinna och i samband med detta uppkommer nya. E-livsmedel är något som behöver utvecklas, speciellt när det kommer till användarvänlighet och inspiration. Sortimentet online är bristfälligt vilket påverkar många konsumenters upplevelse. Handelstrategin måste anpassas till den digitala kunden vilket leder till slutsatsen om ett behov av en bättre och starkare hemsida för att locka fler och trogna kunder. De främsta främjande faktorer för respondenterna i forskningen var bekvämligheten med e-livsmedel samt tiden som de sparar med att inte behöva åka till en fysisk butik och handla. Många deltagare såg även fördelen med butikens tillgänglig, närsomhelst och var som helst.

Submitted by Mariana Dias Chaves null (mariana.unesp@hotmail.com) on 2018-02-16T19:43:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Batistao, MDC-TeseDr.pdf: 6348711 bytes, checksum: 0f1b9c7f3392530f6d2f279ee0b58768 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Claudia Adriana Spindola null (claudia@fct.unesp.br) on 2018-02-19T11:31:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 batistao_mdc_dr_prud.pdf: 6348711 bytes, checksum: 0f1b9c7f3392530f6d2f279ee0b58768 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-19T11:31:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 batistao_mdc_dr_prud.pdf: 6348711 bytes, checksum: 0f1b9c7f3392530f6d2f279ee0b58768 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Essa pesquisa apresenta um estudo acerca dos fatores contribuintes de acidentes rodoviários com o objetivo de fornecer evidências para analisar o comportamento dos fatores contribuintes envolvidos nesses acidentes, mais especificamente nos trechos críticos. Desejase identificar a relação dos fatores com o grau de severidade de um acidente (danos materiais, sem vítimas fatais e com vítimas fatais) e o impacto de cada classe de fator na ocorrência de um acidente. A intensão é embasar uma análise geoespacial levando em consideração técnicas estatísticas e cartográficas e contribuir para melhorar a qualidade das informações sobre segurança viária no país e seu atual cenário crítico. A estrutura metodológica da pesquisa consiste em três etapas principais: (I) Identificação e determinação de segmentos de trechos críticos, (II) Mapeamento dos fatores contribuintes “via” para o acidente e (III) Investigação e estudo dos fatores contribuintes. Quatro trechos de rodovias do oeste do estado de São Paulo foram escolhidos como área de estudo. Na etapa I propôs-se um método de interpolação espacial de escolha de segmentos de trechos críticos levando a premissa existência da dependência geográfica dos acidentes em consideração. No total, foram identificados oito segmentos de trechos críticos na área de estudo. A etapa II concentrou-se no mapeamento dos fatores contribuintes desses segmentos de trechos críticos. Essa etapa trouxe o caráter tecnológico à pesquisa por fazer uso da integração de geotecnologias e a contribuição das Ciências Cartográficas para os estudos de segurança viária, por gerar informação a partir do mapeamento da localização dos fatores contribuintes. Das quatro classes de fatores (humano, ambiente, veículo e via) as características da via foram escolhidas para serem mapeadas, tendo-se deparado com a ausência de qualquer dado dessa classe de fatores tanto no banco de dados dos acidentes como no boletim de ocorrências. A relação com as outras três classes de fatores foi tratada na etapa III da pesquisa, cujos resultados proporcionaram montar o ranking dos seis fatores contribuintes da via mais frequentes nos segmentos de trechos críticos. Adicionalmente, foram construídos três modelos de regressão logística ordinal para investigar o impacto de cada uma das quatro classes de fatores no grau de severidade do acidente (três graus de severidade). Para isso, o grau foi tratado como variável dependente dos modelos. Quatro variáveis independentes (fatores contribuintes) foram consideradas significativas e escolhidas para compor os modelos: consumo de drogas (da classe de fator contribuinte humano), estado dos pneus (da classe de fator veículo), vegetação (da classe de fator via) e sinalização (da classe de fator via). Por fim, os modelos puderam ser analisados a partir da razão de chances (odds ratio) para complementar as informações e sintetizar os resultados como contribuições da pesquisa. / This research presents a study about the contributing factors of road accidents in order to provide evidences to analyse the behaviour of contributing factors involved in these accidents more specifically in critical sections. The intention is to identify the relationship between those factors and the severity degree of an accident (material damage, no fatalities and fatalities) and the impact of each factor class on an accident occurrence. The aim is to base on geospatial analysis taking into account statistical and cartographic techniques and contribute to improve the quality of the road safety information in the country which has a current critical scene. The methodological structure of this thesis consists of following three main steps: (I) Identification and determination of critical sections segments, (II) mapping “road” contributing factors for each accident and (III) Investigation and study of the contributing factors. Four sections of highways in the west of São Paulo state were chosen as the study area. In Step I, proposed a spatial interpolation method to choose critical sections segments premising the existence of geographical dependence of the considered accidents. In entire, eight critical sections segments were identified in the study area. Step II focused on mapping the contributing factors of these segments. This step brought the technological character to this research by making use of geotechnologies integration and the contribution of Cartographic Sciences to road safety by generating information of the contributing factors location from mapping. Of the four factors classes (human, environment, vehicle and road), the road characteristics were chosen to be mapped, since no data from this factor class was found in both the accident database and the occurrence report. The relation with the other three factors classes was the subject of step III, which results provided a ranking of the six most frequent contributing factors in critical sections segments. In addition, three ordinal logistic regression models were constructed to investigate the impact of each of the four factors classes on the accident severity degree (three severity degrees). For this, the severity degree was considered as the models dependent variable. Four significant independent variables (contributing factors) were chosen to compose the following models: drug consumption (from the human contributing factor class), tire condition (vehicle factor class), vegetation (road factor class) and signaling (road factor class). Lastly, the models could be analysed by the odds ratio method to complement the information and synthesize the results as research contributions.

Introduction: Incident reporting systems have been implemented in health care for over a decade and contain reports of critical incidents (CI). These must be analyzed in order to suggest, implement and evaluate solutions for minimizing the risk of future CIs to occur, thereby increasing patient safety. Drug-related CIs (DRCI) are one type of CI which may represent up to 1/3rd of all CIs, therefore this CI-type is characterized in this study. Aim: To categorize and characterize DRCIs reported in the Critical Incident Reporting System North Rhine-Westphalia (CIRS-NRW). Materials & Methods: In this explorative, retrospective, descriptive study, 553 reports from the CIRS-NRW, reported between the 1st of January 2019 and the 15th of September 2021, were analyzed. These were categorized by setting, medication use process stage, ATC-code, patient age and look-alike, sound-alike (LASA), and then analyzed via descriptive statistics. Various subgroup analyses were also conducted. Results: DRCIs occurred mostly in the hospital (48,5%) and pharmacy (40,7%) settings, during the prescribing (33,8%) and administration (33,5%) of drugs and the ATC-codes N02 (9,4%), B01 (6,9%) and N05 (5,4%) were commonly involved. Patient age contained >50% missing data and LASA was involved in 16,5% of DRCIs. Subgroups were often small, likely resulting in low statistical power. Conclusion: By successfully characterizing the DRCIs, some potential areas of improvement for reducing future DRCIs were highlighted, however there are many more variables of relevance for patient safety than those analyzed in this study, underlining the need for further studies characterizing more DRCIs including additional variables.