Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:01:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Karla Alcione da Silva.pdf: 1636555 bytes, checksum: d36dd50302f1e6a5b506033da1f1abb0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-31 / This research presents an evaluation of the eficiency of four flood control measures applied to an urban basin in the city of Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil. Goiânia shows frequent flooding problems. The following factors have been identified as causes of the floodings: (1) significant number of impervious areas (2) lack of green areas, (3) insuficient capacity of the pipe network to convey the produced water volume. Small detention basins, infiltration trenches and the increase of permeable areas (30-50%) within parcels have been evaluated as flood control measures as well as the use of the Lago do Bosque dos Buritis as a detention basin. For this purpose, the Stormwater Management Model SWMM has been applied for evaluating 11 hypothetic management measures in the water basin. The later control measures were evaluated individually as combined. In determining the impervious area index of the studied area, field visits have been carried out, which showed high imperviousness. (86.16%). A synthetic rainfall time series, derived from the equation proposed by Costa e Brito (1999) with recurrence of 2 years, has been used in the simulations. Horton`s equation was applied to represent infiltration with parameters presented in Moura (2005). The scenario which combines the use of infiltration trenches and the increase of pervious areas to 50% has shown to be the best solution in reducing peak flow with 43% eficiency. On the other hand, the scenario using detention basins presented the smallest efficiency (3%). / O presente trabalho apresenta a avaliação da eficiência de quatro métodos de controle de enchentes em uma bacia urbana localizada na cidade de Goiânia, que apresenta graves problemas de inundação. Estes alagamentos devem-se a alguns fatores que foram levantados, tais como: muitas áreas impermeabilizadas, poucas áreas verdes e rede com dimensões pequenas e insuficientes para o escoamento de todo o volume produzido. Foram analisadas a implantação de microservatórios de detenção, trincheira de infiltração, o aumento da área permeável no interior do lotes (de 30% e 50%) e o uso dos lagos do Bosque dos Buritis como dispositivo de controle. Para tanto, procederam-se simulações no modelo computacional SWMM Storm Water Management Model em que foram avaliados 11 cenários hipotéticos na bacia, que consistiram na aplicação dos dispositivos de forma individual e em conjunto. Para a determinação do índice de impermeabilização da área estudada foi necessário realizar um levantamento em uma área amostra, o qual demonstrou uma média de 86.16% de impermeabilização em cada lote. A precipitação utilizada foi uma série sintética, determinada por meio da equação de chuva desenvolvida por Costa e Brito (1999) com tempo de recorrência adotado de 2 anos. Para representar a infiltração, optou-se por trabalhar com a equação de infiltração de Horton, segundo os parâmetros de Moura (2005). O cenário simulado com a implantação de trincheira de infiltração e o aumento da área permeável em 50% apresentou aproximadamente 43% de eficiência na redução da vazão de pico, indicando que essa poderia ser a melhor solução para o problema analisado, enquanto que o cenário com microreservatórios apresentou a menor eficiência, aproximadamente 3%.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:37:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_fernando_sergio_castilhos_karam.pdf: 2695620 bytes, checksum: ae4bbf43eafe31a57337c5bfae7f4763 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-11 / The present study yielded a review article on the intoxication by Senecio spp. (seneciosis) and on the control measures for this important cause of death among cattle in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Given that no efficient treatment exists, measures that combine the biological control of the plant and the proper management of agricultural land can reduce economic losses. The study also included two experiments one on the influence of vegetation cover on the germination and emergence of Senecio spp. from seeds in the soil, using three management practices in naturally infested areas: 1) plowing with planting; 2) plowing without planting and 3) slashing and mulching; observed fortnightly for one year. Germination was higher (73.1%) where the land was exposed, without planting. In the three areas, June was the month in which emergence was higher (75.6%). The results reveal the importance of vegetation cover for germination and maintenance of the plant in the environment, in addition to the special care needed at this stage and in this region, when the analyzed species are potentially more toxic. This experiment was presented in a seminar (poster session) and will be replicated in other areas for analysis in different environments and regions. Given that sheep are more resistant to the toxic alkaloids released by Senecio spp. and are natural controls against this plant, the aim of the other experiment (second article) was to assess the efficiency of sheep grazing in different seasons of the year in order to determine the best time for interference in the phenology of this plant and infestation of the pastures. The experiment was carried out in four plots, two sheep by plot (50m X 100m), with different levels of infestation, on two farms in southern RS. The level of infestation, regardless of the species, was determined by the average number of plants in each plot and determined by quantity of plants in each one of twelve points (2m diameter each) phenological observation: presence of 1 to 3 plants indicated low infestation (LI) and 4 to 6 plants indicated average infestation (AI), both observed on farm A; whereas 7 to 9 plants meant high infestation (HI) and 10 plants or more were regarded as very high infestation (VHI), both on farm B. In those points the following parameters were evaluated on day 0 (before the introduction of sheep) and at fortnightly intervals in the spring of 2009 (year 1) and in the winter and spring of 2010 (year 2): number of specimens of Senecio species, reproductive phenophases, vigor, and plant consumption by the sheep. The analysis of variance was used for the continuous quantitative variable (number of plants) while the Tukey test was used for comparison of the means. The chi-square test was used for comparison of the qualitative variables (reproductive phenophase, vigor, and consumption of the plants by the sheep). Significant factors included season of the year (spring and winter), infestation (VHI, HI, AI, LI), treatment (control and plots) and first-order interactions. A P<0.05 was set as significant for all analyses. In year 1, infestation was significant for the number of plants and the averages differed at the infestation levels. In year 2, season of the year, infestation and treatment were significant for the number of plants and their interactions, except for the interaction between season of the year and infestation. Infestation and treatment were significant for the reproductive phenophase and for vigor, and treatment was also significant for consumption of the plants by the sheep. The results demonstrate the influence of sheep grazing at different levels on the analyzed variables as far as various effects, always negative for plant growth, are concerned. Taking into account the phenological and environmental conditions, especially the season in which the cattle were at higher risk, sheep grazing controls Senecio spp. more efficiently during the winter time, providing biological control of the plant and reducing infestation and losses in cattle farming in RS. / Este estudo resultou em um artigo de revisão sobre a intoxicação por Senecio spp. (seneciose) e as medidas para seu controle, importante causa de morte em bovinos no Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. Como não existe terapia eficaz, medidas que aliam o controle biológico da planta ao manejo correto da terra são formas de redução dos prejuízos econômicos. O estudo incluiu, também, dois experimentos, sendo um sobre a influência da cobertura vegetal na germinação e emergência de Senecio spp. a partir de sementes do solo, onde foram realizadas três práticas de manejo em áreas naturalmente infestadas: 1) lavração do solo com semeadura; 2) lavração do solo sem semeadura e 3) roçamento da área; observadas em leituras quinzenais durante um ano. A germinação foi maior (73,1%) na área em que a terra ficou exposta, sem semeadura. Nas três áreas, o mês de maior emergência foi junho (75,6%). Os resultados revelam a importância da cobertura vegetal para a germinação e a permanência da planta no ambiente e o cuidado que se deve ter nessa época e região, quando as espécies estudadas são potencialmente mais tóxicas. Esse experimento foi apresentado em congresso (pôster) e deverá ser repetido em outros locais para a análise em diferentes ambientes e regiões. Considerando os ovinos mais resistentes aos alcaloides tóxicos de Senecio spp. e controladores naturais da planta, o outro experimento (segundo artigo) teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência do pastoreio ovino em diferentes estações do ano, determinando a melhor época do pastoreio pela sua interferência na fenologia da planta e em relação à infestação na pastagem. O experimento foi desenvolvido em quatro módulos, dois ovinos por módulo (50m X 100m), e com diferentes graus de infestação, em duas propriedades na região da Campanha do RS. O grau de infestação, independentemente da espécie, foi determinado pela média do número de plantas presentes em cada módulo e determinado pela quantidade de exemplares em cada um dos 12 pontos (2m de diâmetro cada) de observação fenológica: uma a três plantas representou infestação baixa (IB), quatro a seis plantas infestação média (IM), ambos localizados na propriedade A; sete a nove plantas infestação alta (IA) e 10 ou mais plantas infestação muito alta (IMA), localizados na propriedade B. Nesses pontos foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros no dia 0 (antes da entrada dos ovinos) e a cada 15 dias durante a primavera de 2009 (primeiro ano) e inverno e primavera de 2010 (segundo ano): número de exemplares de Senecio spp., fenofases reprodutivas, vigor e consumo. Foi feita análise de variância para a variável quantitativa contínua número de plantas e as médias foram comparadas através do teste de Tukey. Para as variáveis qualitativas fenofase reprodutiva, vigor e consumo as distribuições foram comparadas através do teste do qui-quadrado. Os fatores incluíram estação do ano (primavera e inverno), infestação (IMA, IA, IM, IB), tratamento (controle e módulo) e interações de primeira ordem. Em todas as análises considerou-se como diferença significativa uma P<0,05. No primeiro ano o fator infestação foi significativo em relação ao número de plantas e as médias foram diferentes nos níveis classificados. No segundo ano, os fatores estação, infestação e tratamento foram significativos para o número de plantas bem como suas interações, com exceção da interação estação-infestação. O fator infestação foi significante em relação à fenofase reprodutiva e ao vigor assim como o efeito tratamento, que também o foi em relação ao consumo. Os resultados demonstram que o pastoreio ovino interferiu em diferentes níveis nas variáveis propostas e analisadas sob vários efeitos, sempre negativamente em relação ao desenvolvimento das plantas. Considerando as condições fenológicas e ambientais, especialmente a estação de maior risco para os bovinos, o controle de Senecio spp. com ovinos, no inverno, torna-se mais eficaz do que na primavera e é alternativa de controle biológico da planta, reduzindo a infestação e o prejuízo à bovinocultura no RS.

L’encéphalopathie spongiforme bovine (ESB) est une maladie neuro-dégénérative fatale affectant les bovins ; elle est également une zoonose à l’origine du variant de la maladie de Creutzfeldt-Jakob. Identifiée pour la première fois au Royaume-Uni en 1986, cette maladie s’est rapidement étendue en Europe, malgré la mise en place de mesures de contrôle. En raison des particularités épidémiologiques de l’ESB (longue période d’incubation, âge précoce à l’infection et diagnostic post-mortem possible uniquement en fin d’incubation), l’évolution temporelle de l’exposition des bovins à l’ESB ne peut être appréhendée qu’à partir de la modélisation. Nous avons utilisé le modèle Age-Période-Cohorte afin de (ré)évaluer, en relation avec les principales mesures de contrôle, l’évolution de l’épizootie d’ESB à la lumière des données de surveillance les plus récente, en France, et dans six autres pays européens : Allemagne, Irlande, Italie, Pays-Bas, Pologne et Royaume-Uni. / Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting cattle and transmissible to humans as the cause of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. BSE was first identified in 1986 in United Kingdom, before spreading to European countries despite the implementation of control measures. Due to BSE epidemiological characteristics (long incubation period, early age at infection and post-mortem diagnostic at end stage of incubation period), time trend of BSE cattle exposure can only be estimated by modeling. We used age-period-cohort model in order to (re)evaluate, in relation to the main control measures, the trend of BSE epidemic, using the most recent surveillance data in France and six other European countries: Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland and United Kingdom.

Text in English / Violent crime and more specifically armed robberies constitute a growing threat to shopping centres in terms of their vulnerability to such criminal acts. These violent crimes are becoming ever more organised and sophisticated. Shopping centres across South Africa have become the latest targets for these syndicates. Due to the increasing number of armed robberies and violent crimes at shopping centres and the nature of violence used in these attacks, it points to a need for improvements to be made to the security measures that are in place at shopping centres. This study explored the risks and vulnerabilities at shopping centres that have led to the phenomenon of armed robberies at shopping centres in Gauteng; evaluated the current physical protection systems that are in place at shopping centres in Gauteng in order to assist with the reduction of shopping centre armed robberies; and recommendations were made for the implementation of effective security risk control measures at shopping centre’s across South Africa and specifically the province of Gauteng. Self-administered questionnaire surveys were used to explore the phenomenon from the perspectives of both retail employees and customers. The data collected from the questionnaires, utilising the non-experimental research design, were quantitatively analysed. Based on the findings from the study recommendations for the improvement of shopping centre security were formulated along with recommendations for future research. / Security Risk Management / M.Tech. (Security Management)

Le présent mémoire porte sur les représentations sociales de la dangerosité en psychiatrie chez les intervenants de proximité (infirmières, préposés, et agent de sécurité), d’un milieu de soins psychiatriques. Nous cherchons à explorer comment ces intervenants perçoivent et interprètent les risques inhérents à leur métier et comment ils y réagissent en situation d’incertitude. Les concepts de dangerosité, d’ « individu dangereux » et de risque en psychiatrie sont abordés dans le présent mémoire, à travers un angle historique, social et anthropologique, suivant les lectures de Michel Foucault; de Robert Castel; de Ian Hacking; et de Mary Douglas. De l’observation participante dans une unité de soins psychiatriques aigus et des entrevues semi-structurées ont été réalisées auprès d’une dizaine d’intervenants en santé mentale. Une approche ethnographique et interprétative nous a permis de dégager les principales récurrences, divergences et contradictions intra et inter intervenants sur la question de la dangerosité et du risque en psychiatrie. Les résultats sont séparés en fonction de trois grands thèmes : 1) représentations sociales de la dangerosité 2) perceptions du risque au travail 3) réactions face au risque perçu. L’analyse de nos résultats montre que les connaissances qu’ont les intervenants sur la dangerosité ne se limitent pas à celles produites par le savoir expert, elles s’ouvrent aussi sur leur propre réalité clinique. De plus, contrairement aux prédictions du savoir expert, la différence observée entre les pratiques de contrôle des intervenants n’est pas la conséquence d’une surestimation du risque ni d’un manque d’information « objective » sur les facteurs de risque du comportement agressif, mais s’explique davantage en fonction de la présence ou de l’absence d’un lien thérapeutique et du degré de reconnaissance sociale dans les interactions entre les soignants et les soignés. Les éléments qui renforcent ou limitent l’établissement d’un lien de confiance sont explicités dans le présent mémoire. / The present thesis analyzes social perceptions regarding danger and risk experienced in a psychiatric setting. We seek to explore how psychiatric practitioners and staff, who are confronted daily with aggressivity, perceive the risks inherent in their work and how they react in situations of uncertainty. The concepts of “dangerousness”, “dangerous subjects” and of “risk” in psychiatry are considered in this thesis, through anthropological, historical and sociological perspectives based on the work of Michel Foucault, Robert Castel, Ian Hacking and Mary Douglas. Participant observation in an acute care psychiatric unit, along with semi-structured interviews were carried out with more than ten practitioners (including nurses, beneficiary attendants, and security agents). The use of both an ethnographic and interpretative approach highlighted similarities, disparities and contradictions between the narratives of different categories of staff, as well as between individual staff and practitioners, regarding danger and risk in psychiatry .The results are divided into three disparate themes: 1) social perceptions of dangerousness and risks associated with aggression 2) perceptions of risk in the workplace 3) reaction towards perceived risk. This analysis demonstrates that staff and practitioners’ implicit knowledge regarding ‘dangerousness’ is derived from a continuous incorporation of expert knowledge, based on objective risk factors, and the clinical reality in which they interact on a daily basis. Moreover, contrary to the predictions of experts, the difference between practitioners control practices does not derive from an overestimation of risk, nor is it the consequence of a lack of objective information regarding such risk. It can, instead, be explained by the presence or absence of a therapeutic relationship and by the degree of social recognition between caregiver and patient. The elements that strengthen or limit the establishment of trust will be further elucidated in the present discussion.

107 Summary The Ozone layer of the Earth located in the stratosphere in an altitude of 20 to 50 kilometres is the important part of the gases surrounding the planet Earth. Its purpose is to absorb UV radiation that otherwise very negatively affects life on the Earth. During the twentieth century, this ability was weakened by the emission of substances proven much later to be very dangerous in this way. Until 1987, by various chemical reactions, in particular of chlorine atoms, the ozone hole has been formed over the South Pole of the Earth, not fully healed yet. In 1985, risk to human life led using the precautionary principle to the adoption of the Vienna Convention and subsequently of its implementing protocol including specific obligations especially the control measures of the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances and of the trade with them in 1987. The protocol was later modified by amendments and adjustments. This diploma thesis describes these acts with respect to their evolution and actual state of knowledge. At European level, it shows the evolution of the European environmental law in focus on the protection of the ozone layer and on the process of incorporation of international instruments in this area of environmental law. It describes these European acts and compares the...

The Diploma thesis on the theme "Assessment of flood control measures to protect the population in selected communities of the South Bohemia region in the catchment area of the river Lužnice" is divided into theoretical part and the research part. The theoretical part is a general whole, which in the sections refers to the relevant legislation of the flood problems, it explains the flood as the concept and everything associated with it. In particular it introduces the readers with flood characteristics of the territory of the Czech Republic and with the characteristics of the catchment area of the river Lužnice. It describes the selected municipalities by its flow, which are the subject of the research. It explains the difference between a natural and an extraordinary flood, describes the historic and contemporary floods and their damage. It deals with the protection from natural disasters, characterizes the activities of the relevant organs of the protection flood. In the context of the protection of the population it defines the summary measures that help to ensure the protection of life and health of the people, property and environment in emergencies, which are warning, evacuation, hide and emergency survival of the population and other measures to ensure the protection of life, health and property. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of flood control measures from the perspective of the number of the protected inhabitants on the territory. In order to achieve the goals, it was necessary to make several consecutive steps. On the basis of assessed results it could be returned to the research question, whether the built flood protection measures are effective in relation to the protected values of the life, health, property and the environment. For the fulfillment of the objectives of the work and verification of research questions,it was need to be familiar with the relevant legislation of the subject, then with the implemented measures, flood protection plans of the municipalities including analysis of their substantive and organisational components. After that to perform the qualitative processing of the survey, the respondents of which were the statutory representatives of the municipalities, who are in charge of the flood protection, and other charged people (e.g. crisis management staff, officers of the Department of the environment or Building office, etc.). The found facts served to the description, evaluation, comparison and analysis of the flood control measures in relation to the number of the protected inhabitants within the catchment area of the river Lužnice. In this way the concrete results were obtained and discussed in the comments of this Diploma thesis. The submitted Diploma thesis in its research part assesses the effectiveness of the flood control measures in the framework of the protection of the population in the South Bohemia municipalities - Bechyně, Tábor, Planá nad Lužnicí, Soběslav, Dráchov, Veselí nad Lužnicí by the flow of river Lužnice, that touches the ranked in the river kilometres from 10,6 to 77,3 km lines. The inspiration for the processing of this Diploma thesis there were the consequences of disastrous floods in 2002, 2006 and 2013 in these areas, which have caused enormous damage and even loss of life. Then the personal interest of the author, as a resident of the town Veselí nad Lužnicí and respectively the member of the crisis management of this town. The research question and the methodology of the research were designed to be filled the objectives of this thesis, it means the evaluation of the effectiveness of the flood control measures from the perspective of the number of the protected inhabitants on the territory. The thesis evaluated the current status of flood protection, description, comparison and analysis were made. There were designed some of the other possible measures that would, in my opinion, led to the improvement of flood protection...

Text in English / Violent crime and more specifically armed robberies constitute a growing threat to shopping centres in terms of their vulnerability to such criminal acts. These violent crimes are becoming ever more organised and sophisticated. Shopping centres across South Africa have become the latest targets for these syndicates. Due to the increasing number of armed robberies and violent crimes at shopping centres and the nature of violence used in these attacks, it points to a need for improvements to be made to the security measures that are in place at shopping centres. This study explored the risks and vulnerabilities at shopping centres that have led to the phenomenon of armed robberies at shopping centres in Gauteng; evaluated the current physical protection systems that are in place at shopping centres in Gauteng in order to assist with the reduction of shopping centre armed robberies; and recommendations were made for the implementation of effective security risk control measures at shopping centre’s across South Africa and specifically the province of Gauteng. Self-administered questionnaire surveys were used to explore the phenomenon from the perspectives of both retail employees and customers. The data collected from the questionnaires, utilising the non-experimental research design, were quantitatively analysed. Based on the findings from the study recommendations for the improvement of shopping centre security were formulated along with recommendations for future research. / Security Risk Management / M.Tech. (Security Management)