The aim of the work is to design anti-erosion and flood protection in the area of interest KÚ Lukavec to the current state and responding to climate change. At the same time, it is necessary to assess the degree of erosion threat to the soil and analyze runoff conditions in critical areas. The introductory part summarizes information about the studied area and methods for calculation. The erosion analysis is processed in the design part and suitable anti-erosion and anti-flood measures will be proposed. DesQ-MaxQ software was used to calculate the runoff conditions, graphical outputs and analysis of erosion conditions were created in the ArcGIS environment.

Climate change is currently one of the most pressing environmental concerns globally and in South Africa. South Africa is especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change because of the country’s socio-economic context, water scarcity, unique geography and climate sensitive biodiversity. South Africa’s road transport and energy sectors are among others major contributors to climate change. The traditional command and control measures designed to mitigate climate change in South Africa’s road transport and energy sectors do not suffice on their own, there is a need for tax-based fiscal measures to assist in mitigating climate change in these sectors. Tax-based fiscal measures offer certain unique climate change mitigation capabilities, therefore numerous tax-based fiscal measures are already in place in South Africa’s road transport and energy sectors. The development of new taxbased fiscal measures should be encouraged and existing tax-based fiscal measures can and should be refined and extended to enhance their climate change mitigation efficacy. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011

Climate change is currently one of the most pressing environmental concerns globally and in South Africa. South Africa is especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change because of the country’s socio-economic context, water scarcity, unique geography and climate sensitive biodiversity. South Africa’s road transport and energy sectors are among others major contributors to climate change. The traditional command and control measures designed to mitigate climate change in South Africa’s road transport and energy sectors do not suffice on their own, there is a need for tax-based fiscal measures to assist in mitigating climate change in these sectors. Tax-based fiscal measures offer certain unique climate change mitigation capabilities, therefore numerous tax-based fiscal measures are already in place in South Africa’s road transport and energy sectors. The development of new taxbased fiscal measures should be encouraged and existing tax-based fiscal measures can and should be refined and extended to enhance their climate change mitigation efficacy. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011

The diploma thesis deals with an assessment of cadastral territory, which is going through a complex land consolidation. For these purposes, the cadastral area Záborná, that is located in the Vysočina Region, was selected. The main objective of this work is to compare the current state of the territory, in terms of erosion, with the area where the erosion control measures were proposed. Erosion will be calculated using by Wischmeier-Smith's universal soil loss equation. In this cadastral area, it will be necessary to assess in terms of climate, geology and hydrology.

This thesis discusses the relationship between the population endangered by floods and the funds allocated to flood control measures in the Ústí nad Labem Region in the drainage basin of the Ohře and Elbe rivers, the general characteristics of flood control issues in the Czech Republic and particularly in the Ústí nad Labem Region, as well as other parameters that impact flood issues. In order to achieve its objectives, this dissertation utilised data collection and general theoretical and data file processing methods. A significant step was the application of two-dimensional statistical analyses, specifically regressive and correlation analyses. Another selected method was SWOT analysis. Solving the described research problems was associated with the process of verifying the following hypotheses: Hypothesis H1: The statistical dependence between the number of endangered inhabitants and the amount of funds for flood protection is based on linear regression. This hypothesis was confirmed, and the benefit of the confirmation of the hypothesis is also the determination of the significant role of the number of endangered inhabitants in ascertaining the amount of funds for flood control measures. Hypothesis H2: The statistical dependence between the number of the endangered inhabitants and the amount of funds for flood control measures is based on a strong positive correlation. This hypothesis was partially confirmed. A positive correlation was proved, though only a weak one rather than the expected strong correlation. This result indicates the necessity of not ignoring the examination of all parameters that affect approaches to the protection of the population in the municipalities. The verification of hypotheses H1 and H2 and the performance of a SWOT analysis made it possible to make other partial conclusions as well. Although the dissertation discussed floods at the Q100 limit, floods that correspond to level Q10 were proved to occur most frequently in the Ústí nad Labem Region. It is also for this reason that many flood control measures in the municipalities in this region are based on this finding. The flood control measures implemented at levels Q20-Q100 seem to be adequate.

The question of how to create communities where people altruistically care for, and look out for each other’s health and well-being is increasingly a central question in academic literature. However, altruism has long been belittled or ignored in the literature in terms of its ability to influence human behaviour. This tendency appears to have been carried over into the management of West Nile Virus (WNV), a sometimes serious disease that has spread throughout North America since first arriving in 1999. Specifically, government health educators have focused only on telling the public how what are referred to here as Community Protective Measures (CPMs) such as the elimination of standing water, can reduce personal risk or protect family members from the disease, rather than explaining how these measures can help protect others in their community as a whole. As a different approach to addressing this issue, this study sought to determine which communities and people (1) were undertaking CPMs out of an altruistic concern for others in their community, or (2) could be encouraged to engage in CPMs by making salient the benefits of these measures to the community. Study results came back positive, those that live in urban areas, and married or widowed people as opposed to singles or divorcees, those with children exhibiting significantly more concern for others about the disease. Additionally, women; married or widowed people; those who have younger children (0-18 years old); and those who had certain strong positive feelings about their community, namely knowing people better in the community, being involved in the community, and having a sense that people help each other in the community; were significantly more likely to already be willing to take action against the disease at least partly for the purposes of protecting the health of others. Additionally, albeit not significantly, a trend was noted in this regard with respect to those that rented and those who had children.. With regard to those who could be encouraged for altruistic reasons to undertake CPMs, such was found to be significantly the case for those not living in an Adult Lifestyle Communities (ALCs); those living in a city, town, or hamlet for a long (11-25 years) period of time; younger individuals (18 -35 years old), and singles or divorcees as opposed to married or widowed individuals. Although not found to be significant, a trend in this regard was found with respect to those that perceived themselves to live in a small- or medium-sized neighbourhoods, urban as opposed to suburban areas, females, renters, and those without children. A pilot study in a community with the characteristics where respondents were found to respond to learning about the community benefits of CPMs, as well as efforts to instill the characteristics of places where people already tend to be altruistically inclined, is recommended. The thesis concludes by discussing how relying upon, and encouraging altruistic tendencies could be applied to a variety of issues ranging from the control of other infectious diseases, to encouraging other health promoting behaviour such as the donation of organs, to addressing wider national as well as global matters like poverty or global climate change. By doing so, health and other planners could potentially take a more holistic, less rational, and advocacy approach to planning that seeks to build community capacity to deal with problems rather than reacting on a problem-by-problem basis.

The question of how to create communities where people altruistically care for, and look out for each other’s health and well-being is increasingly a central question in academic literature. However, altruism has long been belittled or ignored in the literature in terms of its ability to influence human behaviour. This tendency appears to have been carried over into the management of West Nile Virus (WNV), a sometimes serious disease that has spread throughout North America since first arriving in 1999. Specifically, government health educators have focused only on telling the public how what are referred to here as Community Protective Measures (CPMs) such as the elimination of standing water, can reduce personal risk or protect family members from the disease, rather than explaining how these measures can help protect others in their community as a whole. As a different approach to addressing this issue, this study sought to determine which communities and people (1) were undertaking CPMs out of an altruistic concern for others in their community, or (2) could be encouraged to engage in CPMs by making salient the benefits of these measures to the community. Study results came back positive, those that live in urban areas, and married or widowed people as opposed to singles or divorcees, those with children exhibiting significantly more concern for others about the disease. Additionally, women; married or widowed people; those who have younger children (0-18 years old); and those who had certain strong positive feelings about their community, namely knowing people better in the community, being involved in the community, and having a sense that people help each other in the community; were significantly more likely to already be willing to take action against the disease at least partly for the purposes of protecting the health of others. Additionally, albeit not significantly, a trend was noted in this regard with respect to those that rented and those who had children.. With regard to those who could be encouraged for altruistic reasons to undertake CPMs, such was found to be significantly the case for those not living in an Adult Lifestyle Communities (ALCs); those living in a city, town, or hamlet for a long (11-25 years) period of time; younger individuals (18 -35 years old), and singles or divorcees as opposed to married or widowed individuals. Although not found to be significant, a trend in this regard was found with respect to those that perceived themselves to live in a small- or medium-sized neighbourhoods, urban as opposed to suburban areas, females, renters, and those without children. A pilot study in a community with the characteristics where respondents were found to respond to learning about the community benefits of CPMs, as well as efforts to instill the characteristics of places where people already tend to be altruistically inclined, is recommended. The thesis concludes by discussing how relying upon, and encouraging altruistic tendencies could be applied to a variety of issues ranging from the control of other infectious diseases, to encouraging other health promoting behaviour such as the donation of organs, to addressing wider national as well as global matters like poverty or global climate change. By doing so, health and other planners could potentially take a more holistic, less rational, and advocacy approach to planning that seeks to build community capacity to deal with problems rather than reacting on a problem-by-problem basis.

No description available.

Background The debate about the budgets being and not being has been going on for 40 years. On one hand advocates for abolishing the budget have been criticising the budget, arguing for example that it is a waste of resources that only provides an illusion of control. Whereas on the other hand, business students are still taught to use the budget and previous studies show that companies are still holding on to it. Hence, there seems to exist a budget paradox.   Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to examine the use and perception of fixed budgets within larger companies of today and to clarify the reality behind the debate about the usefulness of budgets. Further, to get an understanding of what purposes are deemed as important when using different control measures, and how well these are fulfilled.    Method This study is predominantly quantitative with a deductive approach, as it via a self-administrative web survey has collected data from 58 publicly traded companies in Sweden. The questionnaire has consisted of open- and close-ended questions, to provide a deeper understanding of the role the fixed budget.   Conclusion The overall percentage of companies that have abolished the budget has increased when compared to previous studies, but the majority of 81% still use the fixed budget in one way or another. Out of the participating companies, 67% stated that they supplement the fixed budget with other control measures, and as the percentage of those considering abolishing the budget have decreased, the overall perception of the fixed budget has improved.

Orientador: Caris Maroni Nunes / Banca: Gisele Fabrino Machado / Banca: Rafael Silva Cipriano / Resumo: A leishmaniose visceral (LV), doença que acomete o cão e o homem, é causada por um protozoário intracelular do gênero Leishmania. Esta zoonose ocorre em mais de 88 países, ocasionando aproximadamente 300 mil novos casos anualmente no mundo todo. O Brasil ainda encontra dificuldades para que o controle da LV seja alcançado de forma eficiente de forma a evitar que esta enfermidade amplie sua distribuição. Transmitida por flebótomos, essa zoonose dissemina-se com mais facilidade em locais propícios à manutenção do vetor, sendo o Lutzomiya longipalpis o mais frequente no Brasil. O cão é o principal reservatório urbano da LV, sendo também acometido por esta doença. Além da presença de cães infectados muitos fatores estão relacionados à ocorrência de LV em áreas urbanas, como acúmulo de lixo, saneamento básico precário e presença de matéria orgânica no peridomicílio, que assim contribuem para a manutenção do vetor. Dessa forma, o controle da leishmaniose visceral em cães se faz necessário, seja por meio de medidas individuais ou coletivas, diminuindo assim sua participação no ciclo epidemiológico da LV. A identificação de fatores de risco que possam estar ligados à ocorrência de LV nos cães é fundamental para um controle mais efetivo desta zoonose / Abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a disease that affects the dog and the man is caused by an intracellular protozoan of the Leishmania genus. This zoonosis occurs in more than 88 countries, resulting in approximately 300,000 new cases annually worldwide. Brazil still finds difficulties on controlling VL in an efficient way to avoid the disease spread. Transmitted by sandflies, this zoonosis is disseminated in areas suitable to maintain the vector, with Lutzomiya longipalpis being the most frequent vector in Brazil. The dog is its main urban reservoir, which is also affected by this disease. Besides the presence of the infected dogs many factors are related to the occurrence of VL in urban areas such as litter accumulation, precarious basic sanitation and the presence of organic matter in the peridomicile, thus contributing to the maintenance of the vector. The control of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs is necessary, either by individual or by collective measures, in order to reduce their participation in the VL epidemiological cycle. / Orientador: Cáris Maroni Nunes / Banca: RAfael Silva Cipriano / Mestre